Remember!: Functions of Culture Since Culture Seems To Be A Universal Human Phenomenon, Is Only Natural To

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Remember!

1. A symbol is anything that is used to stand for something else. People who
share a culture often attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or
image. For example, a cross is a significant symbol to Christians. It is not
simply two pieces of wood attached to each other, nor is it just an old object of
torture and execution. To Christians, it represents the basis of their entire
religion, and they have great reverence for the symbol.
2. Language is a system of words and symbols used to communicate with other
people. This includes full languages as we usually think of them, such as
English, Spanish, French, etc. but, it also includes body language, slang, and
common phrases that are unique to certain groups of people.
3. Systems of values are culturally defined standards for what is good or
desirable. Members of the culture use the shared system of values to decide
what is good and what is bad. Lanuza M. Gerry and Raymundo S. Sarah
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. 151 (2016).
4. Cultural artifact or artefact is a term used in the social sciences, particularly
anthropology, ethnology, and sociology for anything created by humans which
gives information about the culture of its creator and users.
5. Artifacts are such valuable tools for exploring the past and using them to
understand the past.
6. Human values are essential in our life because they help us to grow and
develop. It is a person's standards of behaviour, principles and own judgment.
Some of the values, human treasures are honesty, love, happiness, and
integrity
7. Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behaviour and thoughts
based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group.
8. Social change - variations or modifications in the patterns of social
organisation of sub groups within society
9. Cultural change - refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait
complexes and changes in a cultures content and structure.

FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
Since culture seems to be a universal human phenomenon, is only natural to
wonder whether culture corresponds to any universal human need. This leads to the
question of the functions of culture. Social scientists have discussed various functions
of culture. It has certain functions for both individual and society.
1. Culture defines situations
- Oftentimes, culture is referred to as unspoken rules or subtle cues
which define each situation. These cues which defines situations
appear in infinite variety.
Example: it is unusually surprising how Filipinos can manage to understand one
another using limited Filipino words “Ano, kuwan, eh” in the middle
of a conversation when referring to something we are not certain
about what the other is talking about. If someone is not familiar with
that culture, it would be problematic for that person to make a
sensible conversation.
2. Culture defines attitudes, values and goals.
- Culture represents status quo or conformity to society
- Attitudes are tendencies to feel and act in certain ways
- Values are measures of goodness or desirability
- Goals are those achievements which our values define as worthy
- In these ways culture determines the goals of life

3. Culture defines myths, legends, and supernatural


- Myths and legends are important parts of every culture.
- They may inspire, reinforce, effort and sacrifice and even bring
comfort in terms of bereavement
- The individual is trained/raised in a particular religious tradition he
or she is born into that shapes his worldview and influences how he
handles life situations
Example: Filipino children are taught not to go outside late at night especially
because creatures such as tikbalangs, aswangs, and tiyanaks lurks in
the dark
4. Culture provides behavior patterns
- The individual does not have to wonder how to go about his individual
life. He already knows the procedure as defined by his culture.
- A society without rules or norms to define right or wrong behavior
would be very much like a heavily travelled street without traffic signs
or any understood rules for meeting and passing vehicles.
- Chaos would be the result in either case. Social order cannot rest on the
assumption that men will spontaneously behave in ways conducive to
social harmony.

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