MECHANICAL DRAFTING

Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF

EDUCATION

Technology and Livelihood Education

Learning materials

Drafting is said to be the universal

language of industry and modern technology. It is

through the application of special lines and symbols
that drafter’s use so that technical people can
communicate. Through drawings, ideas and designs
are transferred between draftsmen, architects and
engineers. The uniformity of lines and symbols
makes it possible to be widely accepted, thus,
making graphic technical drawing understandable
anywhere in the world.
In a fast-developing country like the
Philippines, many investors are coming in so they
need technical people to supervise factories and
offices. New products are introduced; hence, there is
a great demand for designs. The production of goods
always starts from a design. Ideas are presented by
pictorial sketches in the initial stages of creative
work. Detailing is done with lines to represent all the
features of an object, such as its edges, surfaces and
contours. Lines also form the sizes, dimensions,
symbols and notes to complete a description.

To understand the fundamental principles

of drawing, acquired desirable values are necessary.
A draftsman should possess the ability and the skills
in using different drawing instruments. In general, it
helps him construct output with accuracy and speed.

EXPLORATORY COURSE
 THE MODULE……

Be inspired by the world of MECHANICAL DRAFTING!

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Mechanical Drafting

NC II. It is designed to familiarize students with different drafting materials and tools,
instruments for drawing mechanically the orthographic projection and pictorial drawing,
the proper use of compass, triangle, T-square, pencils, erasers, and technical pens. It is
important to have basic knowledge and skills in orthographic views because this will be
used or applied in the competencies to be mastered in Grades 9-12.
This is also designed to teach students perform basic mensuration and
calculation and how to interpret simple working drawing plans and sketches; the
laboratory safety practices are also applies to make the draftsman more knowledgeable
when it comes to the coverage of duty in the laboratory or working area.
It covers 4 common competencies that a Grade 7 & 8 Technology and Livelihood
Education (TLE) student like you should possess, namely:

1. Preparing drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments

2. Performing basic mensuration and calculation
3. Interpreting working plans and sketches
4. Applying safety practices

These 4 common competencies are covered separately in 4 Lessons. As shown

in the LEARNING GOALS.

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module the students are expected to:

a. Demonstrate understanding of Personal Entrepreneurial

Competencies (PECs) as a mechanical draftsman. This includes
drafting industrial/commercial materials, designing, measuring and
plotting simple plans. In the end you will be able to harness
experiences in this field of specialized skill.
b. Be familiar with the different industries/company that needs the
skills related to a mechanical draftsman.
c. Study and perform the basic competencies that will lead you and
prepare you to be a future draftsman.

Your success in this exploratory course on Mechanical Drafting is

shown in your ability to perform the performance standards found in each Lesson
.

MECHANICAL DRAFTING (EXPLORATORY GRADE 7 & 8) 2

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transfer & delivery

LESSON 1

Preparing Drafting Materials and

Tools/ Drawing Instruments

LEARNING GOALS / TARGETS:

At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LG 1. Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments applicable to a

specific job.

LG 2. Request, receive and inspect drafting materials and tools/drawing

Instruments.

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 LEARNING GOALS/TARGET 1

Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing

instruments applicable to a specific job.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

1. Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments that are needed per
job requirement.

2. Classify materials and tools/drawing instruments according to their use on a

specific drafting project.

Materials

T- square
Triangles 30 x 60 and 45 x 45
Pencils/ mechanical pencils
Compass/ Divider
Drawing paper
Drawing board
Triangular Scale
Eraser
Erasing shield
Protractor
Sharpener
Drawing Tape

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about drafting

materials and tools/drawing instruments. This is to find out whether
you are ready to become a mechanical draftsman. Take this test.

Pre- assessment test LG 1

Direction: Select the drafting material and tools/drawing instruments applicable

to a specific job described in each item.

1. A drafting tool used for drawing horizontal lines

A. Compass B. Triangle C. T- square D. Triangular Scales

2. The drafting material used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table
A. Compass B. Divider C. Masking Tape D. Triangle

3. The main function of this tool is to reproduce the measurements of an object in

a reduced or enlarged size.
A. Compass B. Protractor C. Triangle D. Triangular Scales

4. This drafting tool is used to protect the rest of the drawing when
removing unnecessary lines.
A. Erasing Shield B. Eraser C. Masking Tape D. Pencil Sharpener

5. This drafting tool is used when drawing vertical lines.

A. Compass B. Triangle C. Triangular Scales D. Ruler

A. DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________

Year & Section ______________________ Teacher: ____________

Directions: Below are some basic knowledge in drawing/drafting materials. Assess

yourself by putting a star ( ) on the YES column if you possess the competency and a
star in the NO column if you don’t.

KNOWLEDGE YES NO REMARKS

Understand the proper use of a compass and a divider.

Know the different pencil leads and their purposes.

Can identify tools/instruments used for drawing straight lines.

Interpret different instruments and their uses.

Differentiate instruments according to their uses.

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 B. PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________

Year & Section ______________________ Teacher: ____________

Directions: Below are the basic SKILLS in using drawing/drafting materials. Asses
yourself by putting a star ( ) on YES or NO column, then provide simple remarks at
the box.

SKILLS YES NO REMARKS

I CAN……..

C. INSTRUMENTS USED IN MECHANICAL DRAFTING

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________

Year & Section ______________________ Teacher: ____________

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided before each number.

Column A Column B

____1. Type of pencils when extreme accuracy is required A. Eraser

____2. Used to clean the dirt off the drawing B. Medium pencils

____3. An instrument used for transferring measurements C. Protractor

____4. Type of pencils used for general purpose in drawing D. Divider

____5. Best tool when measuring arcs, angles and circles E. Hard pencils

F. Triangle

Now check your answers using the prepared Answer key.

If you got 90%-100% of the items correctly, proceed to the next Learning Goal.
If not, do the next Activity; try again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

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 What Do You Need To KNOW?
Read Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can
remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.1.

Information Sheet 1.1

DRAFTING MATERIALS AND TOOLS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

There are a great variety of drafting materials and tools used in mechanical
drawing. The drafting materials and tools discussed in this Module include most of the
basic ones but sufficient enough for your initial understanding about mechanical
drawing.

PICTURES/ILLUSTRATIONS MATERIALS, DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION

Drawing paper

Drawing paper
Various types of drawing papers are available
for use but hard and soft surface drawing
papers are highly recommended to be used.
This type does not groove easily when
pressure is applied to the pencil. Oslo paper is
commonly used but bond paper is also
recommended.

Masking Tape

Masking tape
This is used for fastening the drawing paper on
the drawing table or drawing board because it
does not damage the board and it will not
damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it
off.

Pencil sharpener

Pencil sharpener
Pencils should be sharpened whenever they
show sign of dullness. Various types and
designs are available in the stores.

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 Eraser

Eraser
This is used to clean the dirt off the drawing. A
soft eraser is advantageous in removing
smudges and pencil marks, whereas, a harder
eraser is useful for making changes and
correcting errors in the drawing.

Drawing pencil
This is one of the most important tools in
drawing. It comes in various grades. The grade
of pencil to be used depends on the quality of
paper to be used. You have to take into
consideration also the type of line work
required.

Hard pencils – are used where extreme

accuracy is required especially working on
graphs, diagrams and charts.

Medium pencils – are used for general

purpose work in drawing.

Soft pencils – are too soft to be used in

mechanical drafting. They are very useful for
art work of various kinds.

Triangular Scales
Triangular Scales
The architect’s scale is a tool generally used
when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or
reduced form to some regular proportion. Its
main function is to reproduce the
measurements of an object in full size, reduced
size, and enlarged size.

Erasing Shield

Erasing Shield
This tool is made up of a thin metal with
irregular holes. It is a useful tool to protect the
rest of the drawing when clearing up smudges,
unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures.

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DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
Drawing instruments are used for drawing and designing purposes. Their quality
is very essential if you want to have good results. Cheaper drawing tools and
instruments do not only provide poor quality results but also do not last long.

PICTURES/ILLUSTRATIONS MATERIALS AND TOOLS DESCRIPTION

T-Square

It is a drawing instrument used when making

horizontal lines. It is also used for guiding
triangles when drawing vertical lines. It is made
of wood, plastic or the combination of both.
There are three (3) types of T square, Namely:

1. Fixed Head. The head is fastened to the

blade. It is used for ordinary work.

2. Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has

one fixed and one adjustable head and
used only for occasional drawing.

3. Detachable Head or Removable Head. It is

designed for comfort when carrying the T-
square.

Triangles

It is a three-sided ruler, which typically has two

equal sides meeting at a 90 degree angle and
to a third side at 45, 30, including 60 degree
angles. It is usually made of plastic and comes
in different sizes. If in use, the base of the
triangle must rest on the blade of the T square.
Drawing a line always starts from the point
near the base going upward.

Commonly used triangles are:

a. 30 degrees X 60 degrees
b. 45 degrees X 45 degrees
Compass

This drawing instrument is used when drawing

arcs and circles. It is used in a similar way to a
divider. It is composed of one with the pen leg
and the needle point leg being held together
with a handle. This drawing instrument can be
used for both penciling and inking.

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 Divider

This is a drawing instrument used when

transferring measurements, dividing lines and
arcs into the desired number of equal parts. It
can easily transfer accurate measurements
by adjusting the divider points. Constant and
correct practice with this is necessary before
doing actual work.

Protractor

Protractor
It is a semi-circular instrument divided into
180 equal parts, each of which is called a
degree. It is used to determine gradations of
the degrees when measuring arcs, angles
and circles. High quality protractor is usually
made of plastic.

Did you enjoy reading the given information? Which among the drafting
materials, and drawing tools and instruments matter to you most? Well,
you are just starting, Now, let’s move ahead to enrich your understanding.

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 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Directions:
There are twelve (12) different drafting materials and tools and drawing
instruments that can be found in the puzzle. Identify at least ten (10) of them.

A R C Z I B O K R E N E P R A H S L I C N E P I E
B M L U X R D A B Q L V O S N E O X A C L B E T B
C O A F T E R B I A E U N A I R S A O Q R F P N X
D E S S A N A A B U L N K D T S A M D L J J H D D
E K I H K T W I E L E A A A O V P P G H Z Y S I T
F T O A V I A T K I D R S T E A I N X F E X A L R
G I R L I S N O A T N Y A O S R H N S A H E O Y I
H A K X Y J G G S E L A C S C I R T E M L A C S O
I R O G K U P J T V O S B Q E P E I B Y A E I O L
J O V R O K A R A A Z X L E N R K Q O E L D X S E
K T I Z S N P A R E P U T O B X L Y K S D F E G R
L C K A L T E C N T Y E J X P S E C I L H A T V B
M A Q D I O R B U A K F E O E Q V C E H R F U S E
N R I T C N C X O P E A N V T U A I K A P I T O Y
O T D D N Y D X R K T O B P E A H U G E A P I P I
P O N R E R I Z N U R N Q I N S L H O T N D T A R
Q R V X P A Q S W T R I A N G L E S R R L U E R O
R P K G G R A T C T A R P N H A N C E S L C Q E W
S A G D N G L A T O T P I D O L K A D A G S T S K
T L J O I O N N X I W S T A K A L B I T B Z O R F
U I V Y W N A O P L A K Q I S E B Y V N A X G U C
V T F F A S J Z I R I C Y U L M Z K I R J T E M H
W S L B R U V S E Q D L B J A N T F D O K P L X A
X E J A D I E U W A P I E A K R W O E B E O S A E
Y G E H A K G L O T E D S M Q A E R P V S E I N G

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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