The Efficacy and Mass Satisfaction

of Jackfruit Sap as an

Alternative Glue

A Research Paper presented to the Senior High School

Department of the School of Our Lady of Atocha Inc.

Magsaysay, Alicia, Isabela

GRADE 11- St. Catherine STEM

Agsaoay, Kyla Maye G.

April 2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before anything else , I would like to verbalize my deepest appreciation and gratitude to

God Almighty for He gave me strength and light in the darkest nights.

I would also like to thank our research adviser, Sir Mark Anthony Salayog for the

thorough and detailed lectures throughout the whole semester , thank you for being our backbone

and for treating the ignorance of your students, we salute you!

In addition, I would like to offer my requital to Mx. Queen Angelo Torres for providing

me the most important material for this paper which is the jackfruit, and to all my friends and

family that kept pushing me to surpass my limits, especially my mother, Bernadeth Agsaoay and

my father, Darius Agsaoay. A big thanks for financial and moral support.

Lastly, appreciation to my friend Angel Jhoshe Dumayag, thank you for stabilizing my

mental health, especially when research and art competition are occasionally occurring at the

same time.
 ABSTRACT

Glue wholly influenced and affects the function of an organ inside the human body, this is

where jack fruit come in place, the recent studies used more complicated ingredients to

achieve the said product but i decided to use 100% jackfruit sap to avoid more

complications along the way ,the other study discusses only the durability of the finished

product but failed to disclose the process to construct the sap glue. This study aims create a

more simpler and organic glue but due to the arising pandemic it doubled the level of

hardness on finding data and informations regarding jackfruit, the scope of this study

focused on the physical observations of the difference between standard and sap glue and

the efficacy between the two. The reseaercher can not mamipulate the experimental

research for it will affect the outcome, but other than that the research succeded on

providing gathered data and personal observations .

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Scope and Delimitation

Research Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature and Studies

Related Recent Studies

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Instruments

Research Design

Data Collection

Data Analysis
 CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION

Glue has been with us as early as 200, 000 years and for all those years, different

varieties of glue has been invented, but one thing remained constant and that is using toxic

elements as an ingredient such as ethanol, xylene N-hexane etc..

Great quantity of individual has touched, used and sniffed glue for decades, visualize the

number of people who isn't aware of its harmful effects in the human body especially the brain.

A bulk of standard glue are not toxic, take Elmer’s glue as an example, nevertheless glue

poisoning may occur If someone inhaled glue excessively on purpose aiming to get high (Heller

2019). The feeling of extreme elation from inhaling glue in attempt to get high will only lasts for

as long as 10 seconds, but risking your health in exchange of mere ecstasy is not worth it (Gill,

2018).

The researcher has poured all her courage and fortitude that this study would become

reliable in the future complications regarding sap as an alternative glue, all the toxicity issues of

glue will end here, This study can also help as a following reference for the future researchers.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Glue has been widely known as the finest binding material, along with its toxic elements that is

able to torment the human body, the researcher is aiming to use jackfruit sap as an alternative

glue and compare it with standard glue in terms of efficacy and mass satisfaction .This study

seeks to answer these following questions:

1. is there any notable dissimilarity between jackfruit sap glue and standard glue in terms of

1.1 Color

1.2 Odor

1.3 Texture

2. How reliable is jackfruit sap as the main ingredient on producing sap glue?

3. What sort of medium/ materials can sap glue bind?

4. How long does the sap glue take to dry on different variety of materials

4.1 bond paper

4.2 Popsicle

4.3 Graphing paper

4.4 Vellum board

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Student- the students will benefits specially for those who live in isolated area such as

mountain and province that are unable to purchase standard glue

 Community-All of the pople living in a secluded community or a less financial

community can make jackfruit sap glue and use the remaining jackfruit to satisfy their

needs

Manufacturer- the manufacturer can use jackfruit sap as an ingredient instead of toxic

elements such as ethanol to ensure the safety of their buyers

Future researcher- the future researchers can use this study as a reference or a guide on

their research paper.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study entirely focuses on the effectiveness rate of sap as an alternative glue. This

paper involves directions on how to make the sap glue and the efficacy of the said product

compared to standard glue.

This study is constructed to eliminate the toxic elements of glue and to create more

natural alternative specially for those who live in a remote area.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

ACTION
PLANNING RESULT
 Quaitative research in
Preparation of raw materials experimental approach  Effectiveness in the
 Preparation and devising production of
Devising of equipments of raw materials and alternative glue
equipments produced out of
Quality check
 Gathering and jackfruit
interpretation of data  Documented research
research outputs
 Personal observation
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

EXTRACTING AND
EXTRICATED SAP MIXING JACKFRUIT ORGANIC GLUE
FROM JACKFRUIT SAP

Toxic ingredients of standard glue may torment the body or in rare occasions it can also

used as an ecstasy to get high, the researcher used jackfruit sap as an organic more natural

glue by extracting the sap for the fruit and mixed it thoroughly until it reaches the right

consistency.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

standard -used or accepted as normal or average

bulk-be or seem to be of great size or importance

elation -great happiness and exhilaration

ecstasy -state of overwhelming emotion

sap -Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube

elements of a plant

notable -worthy of attention or notice; remarkable.

secluded- not seen or visited by many people

reference -the use of a source of information in order to ascertain something.

alternative -available as another possibility.

eliminate -exclude (someone or something)

remote area-Remote areas are defined as places that are out of the way or considerably secluded

from civilisation. 

perennial -lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time;

edible -fit or suitable to be eaten

phytochemicals -Phytochemicals are compounds that are produced by plants (

phloem sap-consists primarily of sugars, hormones, and mineral elements dissolved in water.

xylem -Xylem sap carries soil nutrients

pharaoh -is a title used to refer to the kings of godly status in ancient Egypt. Sometime in the

27the century B.C.E.

binding -a strong covering holding the pages of a book together.

adhere-stick fast to (a surface or substance

consumption-the using up of a resource

innovation -a new method, idea, product, etc.

union-the action or fact of joining or being joined

apparatus-the technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Jackfruits are a well recognized tropical fruit, jackfruits are perennial evergreen trees

with a very long lifespan (Agrihirtico, 2019) It is thought that jackfruits allegedly commenced

from the tropical forest of Malaysia and the west near river side of India (Relevitch & Manner,

2018). Though, it is commonly harvested on the equitorial part of the earth, including the country

Philippines.Jackfruit is the world's largest tree-borne fruit, weighing up to 100 pounds and go

wing up to three feet tall. However, the fruit's average size is 10 pounds to 25 pounds. Huge,

green, oblong fruits with bumpy fleshy surface are produced by its massive trees. It has several

pale yellow, plump bulbs on the inside that are edible and are joined at the root(Semenac, 2018).

Jackfruit is recognized as the biggest consumable fruit throughout the whole world (Relevitch &

Manner, 2018).Every piece of Jacktree has been used in traditional medicine, commonly wound

healing. Despite of numerous advantages of this fruit, the citizens isn't still aware of these

benefits because the lack of its marketing in the Philippines. (Renasinghe, Madunanthi, Marap

2019).The advantages of jackfruit a tropical fruit is numerous since it contains so many nutrients

and calories, one researcher dubbed it as "miracle food", 2 cups have 310 calories and are high in

vitamins and minerals mentioned below:

Protein:5.6 grams, Vitamin A :20% of recommended daily intake(RDI), Vitamin C: 36% of RDI,

Ribo flavin:22% of RDI, Magnessium:30% of RDI, potassium :28% of RDI, Copper :30% of

RDI, Manganese 32% Of RDI.The seeds are also particularly nutrient-dense. Protein, potassium,

calcium and iron are all abundant in them (Sentenac, 2018). Flavonoids, saponins, and tanins are
examples of phytochemicals found in jackfruit. Many phyto chemicals have antioxidant

properties, according to American Institute for Cancer Research which means they can help to

counteract the effects of free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules naturally in the

body that can cause cell damage. Oxidative stress, as a result of this trauma, can play a role in the

development of a number of chronic diseases including cancer (Lillies, 2019).Lastly, jackfruits

are also exceptional in pests restriction. The golden apple snail is one of the major rice pests in

the Asia, along with our homeland Philippines. If they are not restrained, they can devastate the

rice crops causing enormous loss to farmers and drop of income . In Malaysia, some farmers

handled the snails by putting spoiled & rotten jackfruit in the rice based field instead of

pesticides to control the pests (Tacio, 2018). These are just a small quantity of how beneficial

jackfruits are .But there is still downside into it and it is the oozing sap inside the fruit the

phloem sap, xylem sap and apoplastic fluid played vital role in a long and short distance signal

and nutrient transportation as well as blocking access to local and systematic pathogen infection.

These plant fluids, among other things, contain proteins that ate likely involved in their functions

(Celma, 2016).Sap is the plant's life blood, as this is how its leaves and stems gets the nutrient

they ought to carry out photosynthesis. It also aids in the distribution of moisture in the plant.

Sugars, minerals, fats, hormones and certain elements make up the majority of phloem sap. In

general, xylem sap that are found in trees are mostly water while phloem sap that are found in

plants are commonly filled with sugar (Horticulture, 2017).Moreover, the sap from the trees are

used to combat snakebites and since the latex extracted from the jackfruit is exceptionally

sticky ,it is often used as an adhesive(Doss 2017)

Glue was found in the coffin of Egyptian pharaoh way back 2500 years ago, and it was used not

only for wood work and random things but also for binding methods of record keeping and even

the production of papyrus, glues were widely used throughout the Greek and Roman empires, it

is used to deal with day-to- day activities and also found favor in major building project.The glue

used to adhere roman mosaic floors and tiled walls is still intact and solid up to this day animal

skin connective tissues and hooves were used to make glue during this day the sections were

cooked down to a jelly like consistency over time. However ,the modern era of super glue which

you might have seen around to your home would not have been possible without harry cover Jr's

unintentional discovery.Glues are used in almost every day routine nowadays for arts and crafts

and to fix broken things like plates glass and mugs it is possible that you have super glue stashed

in one of your cabinets or study table. The global consumption of glue is expected to reach as

high as 50 billion dollars by the year of 2020 according to the estimates (Alexander, 2019).

Everyone are willing to conduct a study just to eliminate the toxic effects of a standard glue,

there are a handful of researchers who has the same objective as this study, take Two grade 12

students from Toronto as an example named Gultekin Barhudarova and Zeyrep Tosin

,theyconducted an experimental research using banana peel to provide more eco-friendly and non

toxic glue the research is said to be effective in fact they were awarded as winners of the 2012

green innovation award with a research title of stick and safe mess from banana to glue

Miles away country has the same vision as me, and that is eliminating harm for the next

generation and to sustain the Philippine legacy.

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
INSTRUMENTS

Due to the prevalent pandemic happening nationwide and the limited resources used, the

research instruments that will be utilized in this study has taken into consideration the

conceptualization of personal observation. In addition, the information, procedures, discussions

and results that are accumulated in this study are constructed through the  gathered data

research acquired from the web. the researcher does not have the power to control or

manipulate the sap glue observation other than preparing it for the actual product

Observation a

 The thinner the paper, the faster it dries on the given medium or material

 The left overs can also be used because the sap glue doesn’t dry on open air

 Oil decrease the sticky level of the sap glue thus affects its durability

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study utilizes an experimental research design in the potency of Jackfruit

(Artocarpus heterophyllus) secretion as an ideal main aspect for glue. Kerry Tanner, in Research

Methods (2018), asserted that experimental research is undertaken when researcher includes “the

type of research questions being addressed by the study; the degree of control that the researcher

has over conditions under investigation; and whether or not the phenomenon of interest can be

studied outside its natural setting.” These considerations are taken into account in addition to the

following categories of experimental designs that have been studied.

 The secretion of the Jackfruit (Artocarpusheterophyllus) will be the regressor covariate

(independent) in this research. The glue would be the target or the regressand variable

(dependent).

DATA COLLECTION

After several attempts of locating jackfruit, the researcher found a jackfruit tree located at

Pugo, echuage but due to corona virus and financial issues the researcher would not use any

laboratory place and apparatus instead the researcher would observe and analyze the difference

between sap glue and standard glue using five senses and attempt to make an art using the sap

glue.The experiment would take place at the backyard of our residence to avoid latex mess and

further complications.

DATA ANALYSIS

1. is there any notable dissimilarity between jackfruit sap glue and standard glue in

terms of

1.1 Color

1.2 Odor

1.3 Texture
Description Sap glue Standard glue
COLOR Dirty white White

TEXTURE ROUGH AND OOZY GLOSSY

ODOR ODORLESS PUNGENT ODOR

BECAUSE OF THE

CHEMICALS
 1. How reliable is jackfruit sap as the main ingredient on producing sap glue?

Jackfruit is known for its oozing latex and it is very suitable as the main ingredient

because the jackfruit sap itself can produce an organic glue, based on the experiment

,the researcher was able to produce organic glue using the sap of a fruit belonging into

mulberry family called jackfruit with a scientific name of artacarpus heterophyllus

2. What sort of medium/ materials can sap glue bind?

It may take an hour just to prepare the sap glue but all is worth the effort for Sap glue can

bind any types of paper but the thicker the paper the longer it will take to dry specially

on glossy paper it will only cost you your patience but it is the best alternative if you are

lacking glue materials at home, the product is best assured on thinner paper .

3. How long does the sap glue take to dry on different variety of materials

3.1 bond paper: 8 minutes and 31 sec

3.2 Popsicle:17 minutes and 12 sec

3.3 Graphing paper: 6 minutes and 33 sec

3.4 Vellum board:12 minutes and 25 sec

TYPE OF MEDIUM/ MATERIAL DRYING DURATION (IN MINUTE)

Bond paper 8.31
Popsicle 17.12
Graphing paper 6.33
Vellum board 12.25

Materials:

 Jackfruit ( not riped)

 Empty container

 Newspaper or any kind of massive paper

  Barbecue sticks

 Oil

 Knife

a. Raw material purchasing

Procedure Flow chart

1. finding nearby jackfruit tree owner by

contacting personal sources across the

FINDING AVAILABLE
whole province SELLER AMIDST PANDEMIC

2. the fruit used in the research paper is

purchased and acquired on Pugo echuage

BUYING RAW
Isabela MATERIALS

3. checking the quality of the fruit, it

must not be matured, unriped jackfruits

QUALITY
have the most sap inside CHECK(UNRIPED)

4. FINISH

FINISH
B. organic glue making

Procedure
place the newspaper on the open area most preferably the floor

2.Put oil on your hands and knife but not the barbecue stick

3.prepare all of the equipments

4. cut the stalk of the fruit and place the container below it, make sure the

sap would perfectly drop on the container

5. if the sap doesn’t reach your desirable amount, cut the jackfruit in half

Roll the barbecue stick on the sticky stuff

6. repeat until you reach your desired amount

7. after extraction , mix all the sap thoroughly until it reached the right

consistency

8.feel free to use it on every material

9. end