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Instantaneous Velocity: Ds /DT

Instantaneous velocity refers to the velocity of an object at a specific point in time. It is calculated by taking the limit of the ratio of displacement to time as the time interval approaches zero. The instantaneous velocity formula is Vi=limΔt→0 ds/dt, where Vi is instantaneous velocity, Δt is a small time interval, s is displacement, and t is time. Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity measured in m/s. Instantaneous speed is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity and refers to the distance traveled divided by time as the time interval approaches zero.

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40 views3 pages

Instantaneous Velocity: Ds /DT

Instantaneous velocity refers to the velocity of an object at a specific point in time. It is calculated by taking the limit of the ratio of displacement to time as the time interval approaches zero. The instantaneous velocity formula is Vi=limΔt→0 ds/dt, where Vi is instantaneous velocity, Δt is a small time interval, s is displacement, and t is time. Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity measured in m/s. Instantaneous speed is the magnitude of instantaneous velocity and refers to the distance traveled divided by time as the time interval approaches zero.

Uploaded by

Marjolina Queza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instantaneous Velocity

In simple words, the velocity of an object at that instant of time. Instantaneous velocity definition is
given as “The velocity of an object under motion at a specific point of time.”
If the object possesses uniform velocity then the instantaneous velocity may be the same as its
standard velocity.

It is determined very similarly as that of average velocity, but here time period is narrowed. We know
that the average velocity for a given time interval is total displacement divided by total time. As this
time interval approaches zero, the displacement also approaches zero. But the limit of the ratio of
displacement to time is non-zero and is called instantaneous velocity.

Instantaneous Velocity Formula


The instantaneous velocity formula is given by

Vi=limΔt→0
ds /dt

Where,

 Δt is the small-time interval.


 Vi is the instantaneous velocity.
 s is the displacement.
 t is the time.
Unit of Instantaneous Velocity
The SI unit of instantaneous velocity is m/s. It is a vector quantity. It can also be determined by
taking the slope of the distance-time graph or x-t graph.

Instantaneous Velocity Example


If the displacement of the particle varies with respect to time and is given as (6t 2 + 2t + 4) m, the
instantaneous velocity can be found out at any given time by:
s = (6t2 + 2t + 4)

Velocity (v) = ds/dt = d(6t2+2t+4)dt = 12t + 2


So, if we have to find out the instantaneous velocity at t = 5 sec, then we will put the value of t in the
obtained expression of velocity.
Instantaneous velocity at t = 5 sec = (12×5 + 2) = 62 m/s
Let us calculate the average velocity now for 5 seconds now.
Displacement = (6×52 + 2×5 + 4) = 164 m
Average velocity = 164/5 = 32.8 m/s

Instantaneous Speed
We know that the average speed for a given time interval is the total distance traveled divided by the
total time taken. As this time interval approaches zero, the distance traveled also approaches zero.
But the limit of the ratio of distance and time is non-zero and is called the instantaneous speed. To
understand it in simple words we can also say that instantaneous speed at any given time is the
magnitude of instantaneous velocity at that time.

Instantaneous Speed Formula


The instantaneous speed formula is given by

Speed(i)=ds/dt
Where,

 ds is the distance
 dt is the time interval
 Speed(i) is the instantaneous speed

Unit of Instantaneous Speed


The SI unit of instantaneous speed m/s. It is a scalar quantity. Instantaneous velocity can be linear
velocity or angular velocity

Instantaneous Speed Example


If distance as a function of time is known to us, we can find out the instantaneous speed at any time.
Let’s understand this by the means of an example.

Let Distance (s) = 5t3 m

Substitute it in the formula Speed(i)=ds/dt we get-


Speed(i)=d5t3dt
= 15t²
We can now easily find the instantaneous speed at any given time by putting the value of t in this
obtained expression.

Difference between Instantaneous Speed and Instantaneous Velocity


Instantaneous speed Instantaneous velocity

Instantaneous speed is the magnitude of Instantaneous velocity is the change in position


instantaneous velocity taking place at a small change in time

Instantaneous speed is a scalar quantity Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity

Formula of instantaneous speed Formula of instantaneous velocity


is Speed(i)=ds/dt is Vi=limΔt→ds/dt

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