INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BHU) VARANASI

Odd Semester 2020-2021

Full Marks: 25 Date of Exam: 07-Jan-2021

Please read the following instructions carefully.

• No query will be strictly entertained. If any question is found mathematically wrong, full marks will be
awarded if attempted.

• The marks for a question is indicated by the numbers in the parentheses against the question.

• Start answering each question on a fresh page.

• All the notations and terminologies are usual and as per the class note.

q
ab2 +a2n
1. Show that the sequence {an } given by an+1 = a+1 for all n ∈ N, where 0 < a < b and a1 = a is
convergent.

(2)

3
2. Let {sn } be a sequence of positive real numbers satisfying 2sn+1 = s2n + 4 for n ≥ 1. If α and β are the
2 3
roots of the equation x − 2x + 4 = 0 and α < s1 < β, then check the convergence of {sn }.

(2)
∞
P
3. Let {an } be an increasing sequence of positive real numbers such that the series ak is divergent. If {sn }
P∞ Pn k=1
be the sequence of partial sums of k=1 ak and tn = k=2 sk sak−1 k
, n = 2, 3, 4, . . ., then find limn→∞ tn ,
if exists.

(2)

1 1+2 1+2+3
4. If possible, find the sum of the series 1! + 2! + 3! + ···.

(1)

3 1
5. Let {an } be a sequence defined as follows: a1 = 2 , an+1 = 2− an for all n ≥ 1. Show that {an } is
monotonic, bounded and converges to 1.

(2+2+1)

1 1 1 1
6. (a) Test the convergence of series 2 + 2·22 + 3·23 + 4·24 + ···.

(1)
∞ h i
1 1
(−1)n−1
P
(b) Test the conditional and absolute convergence of the series n3 + (n+1)3 .
n=1

(2)
 ∞
P (−1)n cos nα
(c) Test the conditional and absolute convergence of the series √
n3
, α being a real number.
n=1

(2)

7. For the following power series determine the interval and radius of convergence.
∞
xn
P
(a) 2n n2
n=0

(1)
∞
1
− 3)n
P
(b) (−3)2+n (n2 +1) (4x
n=0

(2)
∞
n+1
− 3)n .
P
(c) (2n+1)! (x
n=0

(2)
√
8. Prove that for any positive real number α there exists a sequence of real numbers converging to α.

(2)

9. Let {xn } be a sequence of positive real numbers with

1
xn = (xn−1 + xn−2 ), for all n > 2.
2

Prove that the sequence {xn } converges.

(3)

10. Let {an } and {bn } be two Cauchy sequences. Prove or give a counter example for the following statements.

(a) There exists α ∈ (0, 1) such that |an+1 − an | < α|xn − xn−1 | for all n ≥ 2.
(b) The sequence {a2n } is Cauchy.
(c) The sequence {|an − bn |} is Cauchy.

(1+1+1)

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