“Temperature sensor”

With
“Lcd display”
(tinkarcad)
 A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Temperature sensor”
With
“Lcd display”
(tinkarcad)
Submitted by
1) Pranav kale
2) Prathamesh chavan
3) Shubham maske
4) Sandhyarani shimpale
5) Pratiksha zele
F.Y. B Tech
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr. K Murli Mohan
Mrs. Vinaya Khiste
Ms. Madhuri Baswade
(Engineering Exploration Lab)
 Year 2020-2021
Semester-1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the Project report entitled
“temperature sensor”
With
“lcd display”
(Tinkarcad)
Submitted by
1) Pranav kale
2) Prathamesh chavan
3) Shubham maske
4) Sandhyarani shimpale
5) Pratiksha zele
As the partial fulfillment of Engineering Exploration Lab For the academic year 2020-2021
1. This project is a record of student’s own work, carried out by them under our supervision
and guidance.

Mr. K Murli Mohan Mrs. Vinaya Kishte Ms. Madhuri Baswade

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

For all the efforts behind the project work, we first & foremost would like to
express our sincere appreciation to the staff of Department of Engineering
Exploration Lab, for their extended help & suggestions at every stage of this
project.
It is with a great sense of gratitude that we acknowledge the support, time to time
suggestions and highly indebted to our guide.
Finally, we pay our sincere thanks to all those who indirectly and directly helped
us towards the successful completion of this project report
INDEX:

➢ Gantt Chart
➢ Abstract
➢ Introduction
➢ Need Statement
➢ Problem Statement
➢ Block Diagram
➢ Schematic Diagram
➢ Specification Of Computer & Material Used
i. Ardino
ii. TMP36
iii. Bread Board
iv. Potentiometer (250 k ohm)
v. Resistance (220k ohm)
➢ Working principle
➢ Area of Application
➢ PCC Chart
➢ Conclusion And Future Scope
➢ Reference
➢Gantt Chart
 ABSTRACT:

In this project, you will turn the Arduino into a thermometer! Using
a temperature sensor to measure the skin temperature, and register
the output. Even though the Arduino is a digital tool, it can interpret
signals from an analog input, like the TMP36 temperature sensor,
using the built in Analog-to-Digital (ADC) converter 1m

INTRODUCTION:

The TMP36 temperature sensor is an easy way to measure

temperature using an Arduino! The sensor can measure a fairly wide
range of temperature (-50°C to 125°C), is fairly precise (0.1°C
resolution), and is very low cost, making it a popular choice. In this
project we will go over the basics of hooking the TMP36 up and
writing some basic code to read the analog input it is connected to.
 Block Diagram
Sence the
temparature Bread Board
with TMP36
sensor

Ardino
Analog
Clear the pin(A0)aa
Refresh the display
display
after Read the
second temparature
by analog
pin (A0) in
Convert
volts
volt into
Display the celcius by
temparature using
in LCD in program
celcius
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2); //lcd's RS, enable, D4, D5, D6, D7, connected to ardino's
digital pin to transfer 4 bit data 12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2
float value; //input the temperature
int tmp = A0; //this is the arduino pin that will read the sensar output
void setup(){ //put your setup code here to run once
pinMode(tmp,INPUT); //the variable wewill use to store the sensor input
}
void loop(){ //put your main code here to run repeatdly
value = analogRead(tmp)*0.004882814; //read the analoge sensor and store
value = (value - 0.5) * 100.0; //subtract the off set and convart to degree
lcd.setCursor(0,1); //in lcd display temperature is in first row
lcd.print("Temp:"); //print temp in lcd display
lcd.print(value); //then print temperature value
lcd.print("C"); //then print C its denots for celcius
delay(1000); //sense the temperature in every one second
lcd.clear(); // clere the display

}
➢Specification Of Computer & Material Used

Arduino Uno is based on the ATmega328 by Atmel. The Arduino Uno pinout
consists of 14 digital pins, 6 analog inputs, a power jack, USB connection and
ICSP header. The versatility of the pinout provides many different options such
as driving motors, LEDs, reading sensors and more.
 Features of Arduino Uno Board

The features of Arduino Uno ATmega328includes the

following:
1) The operating voltage is SV
2) The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
3) The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
4) Digital input/output pins are 14
5) Analog ilp pins are 6
6) DC Current for each input/oulput pin is 40mA
7) DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
8) Flash Memory is 32 KB
9) SRAM is 2 KB
10) EEPROM is 1 KB
11) CLK Speed is 16 MHz
Arduino Uno Pin Diagram

The Arduino Uno board can be built with power pins, analog pins,
ATmegs328, ICSP header, Reset button, power LED, digital pins,
test led 13, TX/RX pins, USB interface, an external power supply.
The Arduino UNO board description is discussed below.
Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Arduino Uno can be used as an input
or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.
They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of
40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of
20-50 kOhms.
In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
Serial: pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX)
TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of
the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.

External Interrupts: pins 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to

trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in
value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite()
function.

SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI

communication using the SPI library.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH
value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10
bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from
ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range
using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally, some
pins have specialized functionality

TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication

using the Wire library.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with

analogReference().

Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to
add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
 Arduino Programming

Once the Arduino IDE tool is ins1aIIed in 1he PC, attach the Arduino board
to the computer with the help of USB cable. Open the Arduino IDE & select
the right board by choosing Tools—»Board..»Arduino Uno, and select the right
Port by choosing Tools—»Port. This board can be programmed with ihe help of
an Arduino programming language depends on Wiring.

High Voitage Protection of USB

The Arduino Uno board has a rearrangeable poly fuse 1ha1 defends the USB
por of the PC from the over-voltage. Though most of the PCs have their own
inner protection, the fuse gives an addi ional coating of safety. If above 500mA
is given to the USB port, then the fuse will routinely crack the connection until
the over-vol age is removed.

Physicai Characteristics
The physical characlerislics of an Arduino board mainly include length and
width. The printed circuit board of the Arduino Uno lenglh and widlh are 2.7 X
2.1 inches, bu11he power jack and 1he USB connector will extend beyond the
previous measurement. The board can be allached on 1he surface otherwise case
with the screw holes.
The Arduino UNO is the bestboard to get started with electronics and
coding. If this is your first experience tinkering with the platform, the
UNO is the most robust board you can start playing with. The UNO is
the most used and documented board of the whole Arduino family.
➢ TMP 36
The TMP36 is a low voltage, precision centigrade temperature sensor. It
provides a voltage output that is linearly proportional to the Celsius
temperature. It also doesn't require any external calibration to provide typical
accuracies of 11°C at +25•C and 12°C over the —40•C to +125°C temperature
range. We like it because it's so easy to use: Just give the device a ground and
2.7 to 5.5 VDC and read the voltage on the Vout pin. The output voltage can be
converted to temperature easily using the scale factor of 10 mV/°C.

Brief Description
This sensor provides a highly precise temperature in centigrade. Most
importantly, it produces output in dc voltage that we can measure easily with
the help of any bare meta\ microcontrollers such as Arduino Uno, STM32F4,
PIC16F877A. On top of that, Celsius’s temperature and an output voltage
change linearly which makes it easy to compensate temperature/Voltage
variations.
Having a linear relationship is helpful. Because we will not require any
external calibration circuit.
Furthermore, it offers a very low output impedance. In short, it is very easy to
interface this sensor with ADCs or microcontrollers having built—in ADCs.
 TMP36 Pin Configurotion

The pinout of TMP36 shows that it is a

three-terminal temperature sensor.

Pin Description
•Pint (+V) in an input pin. ConneGt a
positive supply at this pin.
•Pin2 (Vout) is an output in whiGh provides on analog voltage. This analog voltage is
linearly proportional to temperature (in Celsius).
•Pin 3 (Gnd) is a ground pin.

Applicotions
The applications of a TMP36 temperature sensor includes:
•These less expensive sensors can generate interrupts in microprocessor applications.
•The TMP36 chip measures the average temperature in industrial and environmental
control applications.
•Fire Alarms detect the rise in temperature through this device and start operating when
the temperature reaches a certain threshold limit.
•Different applications implement
thermal protection mechanisms
using this chip
•Monitors, CPU and other power systems provide thermal management by measuring

temperc:ture through TMP36 .

 Appiications
•Environmental control systems
•Thermal protection
•Industrial process control
•Fire alarms
•Power system monitors
•CPU thermal management

➢LCD 16x32
Wanna add an interface to our project? Use the 16x2 standard alphanumeric LCD display, they
are extremely common and is a fast way to have your project show status messages.
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices snd circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are
2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in Sx7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2
intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different characters
and symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
Command register stores various commands given to the display. Data register stores data to be
displayed. The process of controlling the display Involves putting the data that form the image of
what you want to display into the data registers, then putting instructions in the instruction
register. In your arduino project Liquid Crystal Library simplifies this for you so you don't need
to know the low-level instructions. Contrast of the display can be adjusted by adjusting the
potentiometer to be connected across VEE pin.
16x2 LCD Module
16x2 LCD Module Pinout
Pin Configuration
Pin PinName:
Description
1 Vss Ground pin connected to
(Ground) system ground

2 Vdd (+5Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V — 5.3V)

3 VE (Contrast V) Decides the contrast level Of display. Grounded to

Of display. Grounded to gel maximumcontrast.

4
Connected to Microcontroller to shift Between
Register Select
command/data register

5 Read/Write Used to read or write data normally grounded to

write data to LCD

6 Enable Connected to microcontroller pin and toggled

between 1 and 0 for data acknowledgement
Pin PinName: Description
no
7 Data pin 0 Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be
connected to Microcontroller to send 8- bit data.
These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such
case Data pin 4,5,6 and 7 will be left free.

8 Data Pin 1

9 Data Pin 2

10 Data Pin 3

11 Data Pin 4

12 Data Pin 5

13 Data Pin 6
14 Data Pin 7
15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal

16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

 Features of 16x2 LCD module

•Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

•Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
•Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and
numbers
•Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
•Each character is build by a 5x8 pixel box
•Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
•It can also display any custom generated characters
•Available in Green and Blue Backlight

An LCD is an electronic display module that uses Ilquid crystal to produce a

visible image. The 16x2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used
In DIYs and circuits. The 16x2 translates o a display 16 characters per line
in 2 such Ilnes.
BreadBoard

A breadboard is a widely used tool to design and test circuit. You do not need
to solder wires and components to make a circuit while using a bread board. It
is easier to mount components & reuse them. Since, components are not
soldered you can change your circuit design at any point without any hassle. It
consist of an array of conductive metat clips encased in a box made of white
ABS plastic, where each clip is insulated with another clips.
There are a number of holes on the plastic box, arranged in a particular
fashion. A typical bread board layout consists of two types of region also called
strips. Bus strips and socket strips. Bus strips are usually used to provide
power supply to the circuit It consists of two columns, one for power voltage
and other for ground. Socket strips are used to hold most of the components in
a circuit. Generally it consists of two sections each with 5 rows and 64
columns. Every
Potentiometer

A potentiometer is a manually adjustable variable resistor with 3 terminals.

Two terminals are
connected to both ends of a resistive element, and the third terminal connects to a
sliding contact, called a wiper, moving over the resistive element. The position of the
wiper determines the output voltage of the potentiometer. The potentiometer essentially
functions as a variable voltage divider. The resistive element can be seen as two resistors
in series(potentiometer resistance), where the wiper position determines the resistance
ratio of the first resistor to the second resistor.
A potentiometer is also commonly known as a potmeter or pot. The most
common form of potmeter is the single turn rotary potmeter. This type of pot is
often used in audio volume control (logarithmic taper) as well as many other
applications. Different materials are used to construct potentiometers, including
carbon composition, cermet, wirewound, conductive plastic or metal film.
How It Works:
Unlike a thermistor, the TMP36 does not have a temperature sensitive resistor. Instead
this sensor uses the property of diodes; as a diode changes temperature the voltage
changes with it at a known rate. The sensor measures the small change and outputs an
analog voltage between 0 and 1.75VDC based on it. To get the
temperature we just need to measure the output voltage
and a little bit of math! Start by wiring up your Arduino and breadboard with power and ground.

Drag an Arduino Uno and breadboard from the components panel to the work plane, next
to the existing circuit.

Connect the 5 volt and ground pins on the Arduino to the power (+) and ground (-) rails on
the breadboard with wires. Add a display.
Then add a temperature sensor to the
existing circuit
A temperature sensor creates a changing voltage signal depending on the temperature it
senses. It has three pins: one that connects to ground, another that connects to 5 volts,
and a third that outputs a variable voltage to your Arduino, similar to the analog signal
from a potentiometer.
There are several different models of temperature sensor. This model, the TMP36
This model, the TMP36, is convenient because its output voltage is directly proportional
to temperature in degrees Celsius. As we know from the datasheet, the sensor will
output 0 — 1.75V over a range of 175 degrees (-50° to 125°) so that means
every 0.01V equals 1 degree. We will need to convert the percentage of input to
voltage by multiplying by 5V. Since we are not measuring 0 to175° we will
need to shift the output value so that the minimum reading of -SO O equals a
voltage reading of 0. We do this by subtracting 0.5 from the output voltage.
Our new value now ranges from -0.5 to 1.25 (which looks remarkably similar
to our temperature range! To convert from millivolts to degrees Celsius we will
need to multiply by 100.

Area of application

❖ By using these sensors, the user can easily control the humidity and air
conditioning of their buildings.
❖ By using these sensors, the user can easily check the water temperature
and switch on or off the water heater and control the monthly bill.
❖ By using these sensors, the drilling operator could easily
control the drilling temperature in geothermal applications
❖ By using these sensors, the motor temperature could be
controlled easily and motor could be on or off automatically and
save the motor.

❖ By using these sensors, the electric cables could be saved from

burning due to overheating. By using these sensors, the user could
easily control the engine oil and bearing temperature.

❖ By using these sensors, the user can easily control the room
temperature automatically by swathing on or off the cooling system.
PCC Chart
 CONCLUSION / FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION:
We have seen what temperature sensors are and how a basic temperature sensor,
as the TMP36, works. There are many out there, but they are usually like this.
We have built a circuit to measure temperature

F U T U R E SCOPE:
The global temperature sensor market size is projected to grow from USD 6.3
billion in 2020 to USD 8.8 billion by 2027, recording a CAGR of 4.8%. The
temperature sensor industry growth is driven mainly by increasing penetration of
temperature sensors in advanced and portable healthcare equipment, growing
demand for temperature sensors in the automotive sector, and rising adoption of
home and building automation systems.

Refrence :
Internet and books