​ANTENNAS AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING 

Unit 1: 
1. Elaborate the various fundamental parameters of the antenna with equations 
and diagrams. 
2. An antenna receives a maximum power of 2 µW from a radio station. 
Estimate the maximum effective area if the antenna is located in the far 
field region of the station where |E|=50mV/m 
3. Derive friis transmission formula and explain its significance. 
4. Discuss Link budget and Link Margin with equation and suitable examples. 
5. Mention the various classification of antennas as well as the types of 
antennas. 
6. Summarize radiation pattern with a three dimensional model. Also explain 
HPBW , FNBW and the various lobes. 
7. Describe detail about the noise characteristics of microwave receiver and 
transmitter 
Unit 2: 
1. Describe the radiation pattern and fields on the axis of an Eplane and 
H-plane sectoral horns 
2. What are the different types of horn structures? Draw the radiation 
pattern of horn antenna and hence describe the radiation mechanism with 
neat diagram 
3. Describe rectangular apertures and derive expressions for its uniform 
distribution on an infinite ground plane and space 
4. With necessary sketches, explain in detail the radiation mechanism of a 
microstrip patch antenna. 
5. Summarize various feeding techniques for the rectangular patch antenna 
with neat diagrams. 
6. Examine the rectangular apertures and derive expressions for its uniform 
distribution on an infinite ground plane and space. 
7. Discuss the parabola geometry that makes it a suitable for antenna 
reflectors. Develop an antenna employing a parabolic reflector that is likely 
to be a highly directive receiving antenna 
 
Unit 3: 
1. Enumerate the expression for steering vector of phased array antenna Give 
account of beam forming networks for phased array antenna 
2. Summarize the initial, practical considerations, reconfiguration mechanism 
of reconfigurable antenna. Interpret how the dipoleExamine how analog and 
digital beamforming is achieved with an antenna array with a neat diagram 
antenna is reconfigurable by frequency. 
3. Discuss the classification of Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures and 
Compare defected ground structure and EBG.  
4. Examine how analog and digital beamforming is achieved with an antenna 
array with a neat diagram 
5. Summarize the characteristics, feeding methods, and analytical evaluation of 
dielectric resonator antennas.  
6. Generalise in detail about the construction and operation of active antennas. 
7. Elaborate in detail about the principle and operation of frequency 
independent antennas 
Unit 4: 
1. With a neat diagram explain the operation of attenuators in detail.  
2. Show the operation and properties of the power divider. Derive their S 
parameters. 
3. Discuss the working principle of reflex klystron oscillators with necessary 
diagrams.Derive velocity modulation, transit time of reflex klystron 
oscillator 
4. Summarize the power output mode curve/frequency characteristics of 
reflex klystron.Draw the equivalent circuit and obtain the electronic spiral 
curve of reflex klystron 
5. With neat diagrams, explain the operation of transmission line resonators 
and its application.  
6. Demonstrate theSchottky barrier diodes and its application in microwave 
communication. 
7. Illustrate with interaction region diagram the mechanism of operation of 
TWT amplifier, its applications and the expression for the gain of a TWT.  
8. Analyze in detail about PIN diodes, control circuits and its applications.  
 9. Discuss the working principle of Gunn diode as a transferred electron device 
with two valley model, Also draw the structure, equivalent circuit and V-I 
characteristics of Gunn diode 
10. What are avalanche transit time devices? Explain the operation and 
construction of IMPATT diode.Explain mechanism of oscillation of IMPATT 
and as power amplifier. 
11. Elaborate the following :(i) T-junction power divider.(ii) Wilkinson power 
divider. 
12. Interpret the concept of Circulator? With neat diagram, explain the working 
principle, construction, operation of four port circulator using magic-tee. 
Verify the circulator theory with necessary S-parameter equations.  
13. With neat diagram, discuss the characteristics of series Tee and shunt Tee 
and derive the S matrix 
Unit 5: 
1. Describe the characteristics of amplifier and Examine the transducer power 
gain, unilateral power gain, available power gain and operating power gain of a 
microwave amplifier using S parameters 
2. Label the expression for unilateral power gain with necessary signal flow 
diagram. 
3. Identify the expression for input stability circle equation and output 
stability equation.  
4. List out the concepts of single stub and double stub matching networks. 
5. Summarize the unconditional stability and the tests to conclude the same.  
6. Describe the input and output stability circles in the complex ГL and ГS 
planes, also derive the condition for Unconditional stability. 
7. Explain single stub and double stub matching network in detail. 
8. Evaluate the smith chart approach to design the L-section and T-section 
matching Networks. 
9. Generalize the procedure for designing two component matching networks 
and also explain about forbidden regions, frequency response and quality 
factor. 
10. Develop a balanced broadband amplifier and discuss the theory behind the 
operation of couplers and power dividers with neat diagrams