Date 07.07.

2020 Class L-1 Dept: NAME

Ordinary and partial differential equation
Mid term 8 10 12 15 19

1. An ordinary differential equation (or ODE) is a relation that contains of only

one independent variable and one or more of their derivatives with respect to
that variable for example of ordinary differential equation,
dy
(i) + y =2 x e x
dx
d 3 y d2 y dy
(ii) 3 − 2 −8 +12 y=0
dx dx dx
dy
Solve dx =12 x +8
Or, dy =(12 x+ 8) dx
Or, ∫ dy=∫ (12 x+ 8)dx
x2
Or, y=12 ( ) 2
+8 x+ c

Or, y=6 x 2 +8 x +c
d2 y dy
1. 2 2 −3 dx + y=0 p593
dx
d y d2 y
3
dy
2. 3
− 2 −8 +12 y =0
dx
dx dx
2
d y dy
3. 5 2 −2 dx +3 y=0
dx
dv
=a
dt
Or, dv =adt
Or, ∫ dv=∫ adt
Or v=at +u
Or v=u+at
dS
Or dt =u+ at
Or, dS=(u+at) dt
Or, ∫ dS=∫ (u+at )dt
t2
Or, S=ut +a (2)
+c
1 2
Or, S=ut + 2 a t + c
If t=0 and S=0 then c=0
 1
∴ S=ut + a t 2
2

Partial differential equation

1. Define partial differential equation:

Partial differential equation: An equation containing one or more partial
derivatives of an unknown function of two or more independent variables is
known as a partial differential equation
for the example of partial differential equation:
δz δz
+ =z+ xy ……. …… (i)
δx δy
δz 2 δ 3 z δz
( )
δx
+ 3 =2 x
δy δx
……. …….. (ii)
2. Find a partial differential equation by eliminating a and b from z=ax +by + a2+ b2
P-1.5, Art-1.10 Ex-1
Given, z=ax +by + a2+ b2 … … …(i)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get
δz
=a+ 0+0+0
δx
δz
¿ , =a
δx
And , Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get
δz
Or, δy =0+ b+0+ 0
δz
Or, δy =b
Substituting the values of a∧b in equation (i)
δz δz δz 2 δz 2
z= ( ) ( ) ( )( )
δx
x+
δy
y+
δx
+
δy
which is the required Partial differential equation
3. Eliminate arbitrary constants a and b from z=(x−a)2 +( y −b)2 form the partial
differential equation P-1.6, Art-1.10 Ex-2.
Given, z=(x−a)2 +( y −b)2
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get
δz
=2 ( x−a ) … … …(ii)
δx
 And Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get
δz
=2 ( y−b ) … … …(iii)
δy
Squaring (ii), (iii) and adding we have
δz 2 δz 2
( )( )
δx
+
δy
=4 (x−a)2 +4 ( y−b)2

δz 2 δz 2
( )( )
Or,
δx
+
δy
2 2
=4 {( x−a ) + ( y−b ) }
2
δz δz 2
( )( )
Or,
δx
+
δy
=4 z [using (i)]

which is the required Partial differential equation

4. Form a partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constant a and
b from the following relations P-1.6, Art-1.10 Ex-3
a). z=a ( x + y ) +b
b). z=ax +by + ab
sol : (a) Given, z=a ( x + y ) +b
or, z=ax +ay + b … … …(i)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x∧ y we get
δz
=a … … (ii)
δx
δz
and δy =a …… (iii)
δz δz
from (ii) and (iii) we get, δx = δy
which is the required Partial differential equation
Sol: (b) given, z=ax +by + ab … … …(i)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x∧ y we get
δz
=a … … … (ii)
δx
δz
And, δy =b … … …(iii)
Substituting the values of a∧b in equation (i)
z=x ( δxδz )+( δyδz ) y + δxδz . δyδz
which is the required Partial differential equation
5. Form partial differential equation eliminating h and k from the equation
( x−h)2 +( y−k )2 + z 2=ℷ2 P-1.6, Art-1.10 Ex-5(a)
Sol : Given, ( x−h)2 +( y−k )2 + z 2=ℷ2
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x∧ y we get
 ( δxδz )=0
2 ( x−h ) +2 z .

δz
Or, 2 ( x−h )=−2 z . ( δx )
δz
Or, ( x−h )=−z . ( δx ) … … … …( ii)
δz
And , 2 ( y−k )+ 2 z . ( δy ) =0
δz
Or, 2 ( y−k )=−2 z . ( δy )
δz
Or, ( y−k )=−z . ( δy )… … … … (iii)
Substituting the values of ( x−h)∧( y−k ) in equation (i)
2 2
δz δz
{ ( )} { ( ) }
−z .
δx
+ −z .
δy
+ z 2=ℷ 2

δz 2 2 δz 2 2 2
Or , z
2
δx( ) ( )
+z
δy
+ z =ℷ

which is the required Partial differential equation

6. Find the partial differential equation of all spheres of radius ℷ having center
in the xy plane P-1.7, Art-1.10 Ex-5(b) Mist-2017 marks -15
Sol: 6. From the coordinate geometry of three dimension of any spheres of
radius ℷ having center (h,k,0) in the xy plane is given by
( x−h)2 +( y−k )2 +(z−0)2 =ℷ2
Or, ( x−h)2 +( y−k )2 + z 2=ℷ2 … … …(i)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get

( δxδz )=0
2 ( x−h ) +2 z .

δz
Or, 2 ( x−h )=−2 z . ( δx )
δz
Or, ( x−h )=−z . ( δx ) … … … …( ii)
And , Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get,

( δzδy )=0
2 ( y−k )+ 2 z .

δz
Or, 2 ( y−k )=−2 z . ( δy )
δz
Or, ( y−k )=−z . ( δy )… … … … (iii)
Substituting the values of ( x−h)∧( y−k ) in equation (i)
 2 2
δz δz
{ ( )} { ( ) }
−z .
δx
+ −z .
δy
+ z 2=ℷ 2

δz 2 2 δz 2 2 2
Or , z
2
δx ( ) ( )
+z
δy
+ z =ℷ

which is the required Partial differential equation

Date 14.07.2020 Class L-2 Dept: NAME,ME
Partial differential equation
Origin of partial differential equation
δz δz δ2 z δ2 z δ2 z
=p , =q , =r , =t , =s
δx δy δx 2 δy 2 δx . δy
δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv
P= δy . δz − δz . δy , Q = δz . δx − δx . δz , R = δx . δy − δy . δx
Example y=x 4 differentiate w.r.t x
dy
=4 x 3
dx
xy=2 … … … (i) differentiate w.r.t x
d d
Or, x dx ( y ) + y dx ( x ) =0
dy
Or, x dx + y .1=0
dy
Or, x dx + y=0
xz=7 y … … …(ii)
Differentiating (ii) partially with respect to x
δz
x. + z=0
δx
Differentiating (ii) partially with respect to y
δz
x. =7
δy
7. Form partial differential equation eliminating a∧b from the equation,
z=(x¿¿ 2+ a)( y¿ ¿2+ b)¿ ¿ P-1.7, Art-1.10 Ex-7

Sol: z=(x¿¿ 2+ a)( y¿ ¿2+ b)… … … (i)¿ ¿

Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x∧ y we get
δz
=2 x ( y ¿¿ 2+ b)¿
δx
1 δz
Or, ( y ¿¿ 2+b)= 2 x . δx … … …(ii) ¿
δz
Again, δy =2 y ( x ¿¿ 2+ a)¿
 1 δz
Or, ( x ¿¿ 2+a)= 2 y δy … … … (iii) ¿
From equation (i)
z=(x¿¿ 2+ a)( y¿ ¿2+ b)¿ ¿
1 δz ❑ 1 δz
Or, 2 y δy . 2 x . δx
z=
1 δz δz
Or, z= 4 xy . δx . δy
δz δz
Or, 4 xy z= δx . δy
which is the required Partial differential equation
8. Show that the differential equation of all cones which have their vertex at the
origin is px+ qy=z verify that yz + zx + xy=0 is a surface satisfying the above
equation. P-1.7, Art-1.10 Ex-9
Sol: The equation of any cone with the vertex at the origin is
a x 2+ b y 2+ c z 2 +2 fyz+2 gzx +2 hxy=0 … …(i)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get
δz δz δz
Or, 2 ax+ 0+2 cz δx +2 fy δx +(2 gz .1+2 gx δx )++2 hy=0
δz
Or, 2 ax+ 2 gz +2 hy+ δx ( 2 cz +2 gx +2 fy )=0
Or, ax + gz+ hy + p ( cz+ gx + fy )=0 … … …(ii)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get
δz δz δz
0+2 by +2 cz
δy ( )
+2 f y + z +2 gx +2 hx=0
δy δy
δz
Or, by + fz+hx + δy ( cz+ gx + fy )=0
Or, by + fz+hx +q ( cz + gx +fy )=0 … … … (iii)
Multiplying (ii) by x , (iii) by y we have
a x 2+ gxz + hxy+ px ( cz +gx + fy )=0 … …(iv)
b y 2 + fyz+hxy +qy ( cz + gx+ fy ) =0 … …(v)
Now adding (iv) and (v) we get
a x 2+ b y 2+ fyz+ gzx +2 hxy + ( cz + gx +fy ) (px +qy )=0
Or,a x 2+ b y 2+ c z 2 +2 fyz+2 gzx +2 hxy+(−c z 2−fyz−gzx )+ ( cz+ gx + fy ) ( px+ qy)=0

Or, 0−c z 2−fyz−gzx+ ( cz+ gx + fy ) ( px+ qy)=0

Or,−z (cz + gx+ fy)+( cz + gx +fy ) ( px+ qy)=0
Or, ( cz + gx+ fy ) {−z + ( px+ qy ) }=0
0
Or, px+ qy−z= ( cz + gx+ fy )
Or, px+ qy−z=0
 ∴ px +qy =z

Second part :- Given surface , yz + zx + xy=0 … …(1)

Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get
δz δz
y
δx ( )
+ x + z + y =0
δx
Or, y + z + yp+ xp=0
Or, p ( x+ y ) =− y−z
− y−z
¿ , p= … …(2)
x+ y
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get

( y δzδy + z)+ x δyδz + x=0

Or, x + z+ yq+ xq=0
−x−z
Or, q= x+ y … …(3)
Now, px+ qy=z
∴ px +qy −z= ( −x+y−zy ) x +( −x−z
x+ y )
y−z

−xy−xz− xy− yz−xz − yz

Or, px+ qy−z= x+ y
−2(xy−xz − yz)
Or, px+ qy−z=
x+ y
−2(0)
Or, px+ qy−z=
x+ y
Or, px+ qy−z=0
∴ px +qy =z
Hence (1) is a surface satisfying by, px+ qy−z=0
9. Find a partial differential equation by eliminating a,b and c from
x2 y 2 z 2
+ + =1 P-1.9, Art-1.10 Ex-13
a2 b 2 c2
x2 y 2 z 2
Sol: Given, 2 + 2 + 2 =1 … …(i)
a b c
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get
2x 2 z δz
+ 0+ 2 =0
c δx
2
a
2 x −2 z δz
or, 2 = 2 δx
a c
2 2 δz
or, c x + a z δx =0 … … …(ii)
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get
2 y 2 z δz
0+ + =0
b 2 c 2 δy
2 2 δz
or, c y+ b z δy =0 … … … (iii)
Differentiating again (ii) partially with respect to x we get
δz δz δ2 z
2
Or, c +a
2
( δx δx )
+ z 2 =0
δx
δz 2 2 δ 2 z
2
c +a
2
δx ( )+ a z 2 =0 … … …(iv)
δx
2 2 δz
From (ii) c x + a z δx =0
−a 2 z δz
or, c 2= . … …( vi)
x δx
Putting c in equation (iv) we have
2

−a2 z δz 2 δz 2 2 δ 2 z
. +a ( ) + a z 2 =0
x δx δx δx
2 2
−z δz δz δ z
Or, x . δx +¿( δx ) + z 2 =0 ¿ [div by a 2]
δx
2 2
δ z δz δz
Or, zx 2 + x( δx ) −z δx =0 … …( vii)
δx
This is the desire partial differential equation

Differentiating again (iii) partially with respect to y we get

2 2 δz 2 2 δ 2 z
c +b ( ) + b z 2 =0 … … …(v )
δy δy
Similarly from (iii) and (v)
δ2 z δz 2 δz
Or, zy 2 + y ( δy ) −z δy =0 … … (viii )
δy
Differentiating (ii) partially with respect to y we get
2 δz δz δ2 z
0++ a ( . +z. )=0
δy δx δxδy
δz δz δ2 z
Or, . + z . =0 … … ( ix )
δy δx δxδy
( vii ) ,(viii ) and ( ix ) are three possible form of the required partial differential
equation

Date 21.07.2020 Class L-3 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
10. Derive partial differential equation by elimination of arbitrary function ∅
from the equation ∅ ( u , v )=0 where u∧v are functions of x , y ∧z P-1.11, Rule-2,
Art-1.11 Mist-2019
Proof : Given, ∅ ( u , v )=0 … … (i)
we treat z as dependent variable and x,y as independent variable
δz δz δy δx
so that, δx = p , δy =q and δx =0 , δy =0
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get

δ ∅ δu δx δu δy δu δz δ ∅ δv δx δv δy δv δz
( . + . + .
δu δx δx δy δx δz δx
+ ) . + . + . (
δv δx δx δy δx δz δx
=0 )
δ ∅ δu δu δu δ ∅ δv δv δv
( ) (
Or, δu δx .1+ δy .0+ δz . p + δv δx .1+ δy .0+ δz . p =0 )
δ ∅ δu δu δ ∅ δv δv
( ) (
Or, δu δx + δz . p + δv δx + δz . p =0 … … … … … .(2) )
δ ∅ δu δu δ ∅ δv δv
( )
Or, δu δx + p δz =−¿ δv δx + p δz ( )
δ∅ δv δv
− +p
δu δx δz
Or, δ ∅ = δu δu … … …(ii)
+p
δv δx δz
Similarly differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get
δ ∅ δu δu δ ∅ δv δv
(
δu δy
+q
δz )
=−¿ (
δv δy
+q
δz )
δ∅ δv δv
− +q
δu δy δz
Or, δ ∅ =¿ δu δu … … …(iii )
+q
δv δy δz
Elimination of arbitrary function ∅ with the help of ( ii )∧(iii)
δv δv δv δv
− +p − +q
δx δz δy δz
=
δu δu δu δu
+p +q
δx δz δy δz
δv δu δu δv δv δu δv δu δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv
Or, δx . δy + q δz . δx + p δz . δy + p δz . q δz = δx . δy + δx . q δz + p δz . δy + p δz . q δz
δv δu δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv δv δu
( ) (
Or, p δz . δy − δz . δy +q δz . δx − δx . δz = δx . δy − δx . δy )( )
Or, pP+qQ=R
δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv δu δv
where, P= δy . δz − δz . δy , Q = δz . δx − δx . δz , R = δx . δy − δy . δx
∴ Pp+Qq=R … … …(iv )
Thus we obtain a linear partial differential equation of first order and first
degree in p∧q
11.Convert a partial differential equation by elimination of arbitrary function
∅ from ∅ ( x+ y+ z , x 2+ y 2 −z2 ) =0 write the order of the partial differential
equation by elimination P-1.11, S-1.12. Mist-2019

Sol: Given, ∅ ( x+ y+ z , x 2+ y 2 −z2 ) =0 … …(i)

Let, u=x+ y + z … …(ii)
And, v=x 2+ y 2−z 2 … …(iii )
Thus (i) becomes ∅ ( u , v )=0 … … (iv)
δu δu δu
From (ii) δx =1 , δy
=1 ,
δz
=1
δv δv δv
From (iii) δx =2 x , δy =2 y , δz =−2 z
Differentiating (iv) partially with respect to x we get
δ ∅ δu δu +δ ∅ δv δv
(
δu δx
+p
δz )
+
δv δx( +p
δz )
=0

δ∅ δ∅
Or, δu ( 1+ p .1 )+ δv ( 2 x+ p(−2 z ) )=0
δ∅ −δ ∅
Or, δu ( 1+ p .1 )= δv 2( x−pz )
δ∅
δu −2 ( x −pz )
Or, δ ∅ = 1+ p … … …(v )
δv
Again differentiating (iv) partially with respect to y we get
δ ∅ δu δu δ ∅ δv δv
(
δu δy
+q )
δz
=−¿ (
δv δy
+q
δz )
δ∅ δ∅
Or, δu ( 1+q )=−¿ δv ( 2 y +q (−z) )
δ∅
δu −2 ( y−qz )
Or, δ ∅ = 1+q … … … (vi)
δv
−2 ( x− pz ) −2 ( y −qz )
From ( v )∧( vi) we have , =
1+ p 1+q
( x−pz ) ( y−qz )
Or, =
1+ p 1+q
Or, y−qz+ py− pqz=x −pz +qx− pqz
Or, py+ pz −qx−qz=x − y
Or, ( y + z ) p−( x+ z ) q=x− y
 Which is the desire partial differential equation of the first order

Date 28.07.2020 Class L-4 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
12.Form partial differential equation eliminating arbitrary function ∅ from the
equation ∅ ( x 2+ y 2 + z 2 , z 2−2 xy )=0. P-1.15, Art-1.11 Ex-12.mist-16

Given, ∅ ( x 2+ y 2 + z 2 , z 2−2 xy )=0 … … …(i)

Let, u=x2 + y 2 + z 2 … … …(ii)
and v=z 2−2 xy … … … … (iii)
Thus (i) becomes ∅ ( u , v )=0 … … (iv)
δu δu δu
From (ii) δx =2 x , δy
=2 y ,
δz
=2 z
δv δv δv
From (iii) δx =−2 y , δy =−2 x , δz =2 z
Differentiating (iv) partially with respect to x we get
δ ∅ δu δu δ ∅ δv δv
(
δu δx
+p ) (+
δz δv δx
+p
δz
=0)
δ∅ δ∅ δv
δu (
( 2 x+ p .2 z )+
δv
−2 y + p
δz
=0 )
δ∅ −δ ∅
Or, δu ( 2 x+ p .2 z )= δv (−2 y + p .2 z )
δ∅
δu −2 pz−2 y
Or, δ ∅ = 2 x +2 pz
δv
δ∅
δu − pz− y
Or, δ ∅ = x+ pz … … … (5)
δv
Or, Differentiating (iv) partially with respect to x we get
δ ∅ δu δu δ ∅ δv δv
(
δu δy
+q
δz )
=−¿
δv δy
+q (
δz )
δ∅ δ∅
Or, δu ( 2 y +q .2 z )=−¿ δv (−2 x+ q .2 z )
δ∅
δu −−2 x+ q .2 z
Or, δ ∅ = 2 y +q .2 z
δv
 δ∅
δu −qz−x
Or, δ ∅ = y + qz … … … …(6)
δv
pz− y qz −x
From 5 and 6 we have , x + pz = y +qz
Or, ( x + pz ) ( qz−x )=( y + pz)( y +qz )
Or, pz ( y + x )−qz ( y + x )= y 2−x 2
Or, pz−qz= y−x
Which is the desire partial differential equation of the first order
Linear partial differential equation of order one ch-2

13.Qes: Discuss about the working rules of Lagrange’s method. Mist-2019

Sol: working rules for solving Pp+Qq=R … …( i) by the Lagrange’s method
Step-1. Put the given linear partial differential equation of first order
in the standard form
Step-2. Write down Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= = … …(ii)
P Q R
Step-3. Solve (ii) by using well known method
Let, u ( x , y , z ) =c 1 and v ( x , y , z )=c 2 be the two independent solution of (ii)
Step-4. The general solution of (i) is written in one of the following three
equivalent forms
1. ∅ ( u , v )=0
2. u=∅ ( v )
3. v=∅ (u )
∅ being an arbitrary function
14. Applying Lagrange’s method solve, y 2 p−xyq=x (z−2 y) P2.2, 2.3 w2.3 ex-5
Mist-2019
Given , y 2 p−xyq=x ( z−2 y ) … … …(i)
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= = … …(ii)
P Q R
dx dy dz
Or, 2 =−xy = x ( z−2 y)
y
dx dy
Taking 1st and 2nd portion we have , =
y 2 −xy
dx dy
Or, y =−x
Or, x dx=− ydy integrate both sides
 x2 − y 2
Or, = +c
2 2
Or, x 2+ y 2=c 1
Taking 3rd and 2nd portion we have,
dy dz
=
−xy x ( z−2 y )
dy dz
Or, − y = ( z−2 y)
dz −( z−2 y )
Or, =
dy y
dz −z
Or, dy = y +2
dz
Or, y dy =−z+2 y
Or, ydz=−zdy + 2 ydy
Or, ydz + zdy=2 ydy
y2
Or, y . z =2× + c
( )
2
2
Or, yz− y =c 2
Hence ∅ ( x 2+ y 2 , yz− y 2 ) =0 is required solution
Where ∅ is an arbitrary function

Date 04.08.2020 Class L-5 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
15. Applying Lagrange’s method solve ii) { (b−c)/a } yzp + { ( c−a ) /b } zxq= {(a−b)/c } xy
P-2.8 , S 2.10 ,Art-2.9
Mist Exam -2018, Mist Exam -2019
Given, { (b−c)/a } yzp + { ( c−a ) /b } zxq= {(a−b)/c } xy … … …(i)
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= = … …(ii)
P Q R
dx dy dz
= =
Or, (b−c) . yz ( c−a ) . xz a−b . xy
a b c
adx b . dy c . dz
Or, (b−c ) yz = ( c−a)xz = ( a−b) xy … … … (ii)
Choosing x,y,z as multipliers each of the fractions
axdx by . dy cz . dz axdx+ bydy+ czdz
= = =
(b−c ) xyz (c−a) xyz ( a−b) xyz 0
Or, axdx +bydy +czdz =0
Or, 2 axdx +2 bydy+ 2czdz=0
Now integrating both sides
a x 2+ b y 2+ c z 2=c1 … … …(iii ) [c 1 beingan arbitray constant ]
Again, Choosing ax,by,cz as multipliers each of the fractions
a 2 xdx b2 y . dy c 2 z . dz a2 xdx+ b2 y . dy +c 2 z . dz
= = =
(b−c )axyz (c−a) bxyz (a−b) cxyz xyz ( ab−ca+bc−ab+ ca−bc)
a 2 xdx b2 y . dy c 2 z . dz a2 xdx +b2 y . dy+ c2 z . dz
Or, = = =
(b−c )axyz (c−a)bxyz (a−b) cxyz 0
Or,a xdx +b y . dy +c z . dz=0
2 2 2

Or,2 a2 xdx+2 b 2 y . dy+ 2c 2 z . dz=0

Now integrating both sides
a 2 x 2+ b2 y 2+ c2 z 2=c 2 … … …(iv) [c 2 beingan arbitray constant ]
From (iii) and (iv) we have
Hence ∅ ( a x 2+ b y 2+ c z 2 ,a 2 x 2+ b2 y 2+ c2 z 2 )=0 is required solution
Where ∅ is an arbitrary function
14. solve, ptanx+qtany=tanz p-2.3, Ex-3
Given, ptanx +qtany =tanz … … …(i )
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= = … …(ii)
P Q R
dx dy dz
Or, tanx = tany = tanz
dx dy
Taking 1st and 2nd fractions, tanx = tany
Or cotx . dx=coty . dy
Or cotx . dx−coty . dy=0 Now integrating both sides
Or, log ( sinx )−log ( siny ) =c 1 [c 1 beingan arbitray constant ]
sinx
( )
Or, log siny =c 1 … … … (iii )
dz dy
Taking 3rd and 2nd fractions, tanz = tany
Or, coty . dy =cotzdz Now integrating both sides
Or, log ( siny )−log ( sinz )=c 2
[c 2 being an arbitray constant ]

( siny )
Or, log sinz =c 2 … … … (iii )
From (iii) and (iv) we have
sinx siny
( )
Hence ∅ siny , sinz =0 is required solution
Where ∅ is an arbitrary function

16. Applying Lagrange’s method solve, xyp+ y 2 q=zxy−2 x 2 p-2.5, Ex-3

Given, xyp+ y 2 q=zxy −2 x 2 … … …(i)
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= = … …( ii)
xy y 2 zxy−2 x 2
dx dy
Taking 1st and 2nd fractions , xy = 2
y
dx dy
Or, x = y Now integrating both sides
Or, logx−logy=log c1
x
()
Or, log y =log c 1
x
Or, y =c 1 … … … (iii) [c 1 being an arbitray constant ]
dy dz
Taking 3rd and 2nd fractions, 2
=
y zxy −2 x2
dy dz
Or, , 2
=
x ( zy −2 x )
y
x dz
()
Or, y dy= y .
( zy−2 x)
x dz
Or, y() dy=
x
z−2 () y
dz
Or, c 1 dy= z−2 c integrating both sides
1
c
Or, 1 y=log ( z−2 c 1 ) +c 2 [c 2 being an arbitray constant ]
x x
() ( ( ))
Or, y . y −log z−2 y =c 2
2x
( )
Or, x−log z− y =c 2 … … …( iv)
From (iii) and (iv) we have
x 2x
( ( ))
Hence ∅ y , x−log z− y =0 is required solution
Where ∅ is an arbitrary function

17. solve , xzp+ yzq=xy p-2.6, Ex-4

Given, xzp+ yzq=xy … … …(i)
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= = … …(ii)
P Q R
dx dy dz
Or, xz = yz = xy
dx dy
Taking 1st and 2nd fractions, xz = yz
dx dy
Or x = y
Or , logx−logy=log c1
x
()
Or, log y =log c 1
x
Or, y =c 1∨, x=c 1 y … … …(iii )
[c 1 beingan arbitray constant ]
dy dz
Taking 3rd and 2nd fractions, yz = xy
dy dz
Or, , yz = xy
dy dz
Or, z = c y
1

Or, c 1 ydy=zdz
Or, 2 c 1 ydy =2 zdz
Or, c 1 y 2−z 2=c 2
Or, xy−z 2=c2 … … …(iv)
[c 2 beingan arbitray constant ]
From (iii) and (iv) we have

(x 2
)
Hence ∅ y , xy−z =0 is required solution
Where ∅ is an arbitrary function

18. solve ( x +2 z ) p + ( 4 xz− y ) q=2 x 2+ y p-2.10. Ex-7 . mist -2018

Given, ( x +2 z ) p + ( 4 xz − y ) q=2 x 2+ y … … … (i)
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= =
P Q R
dx dy dz
= = 2 … …(ii)
x+2 z 4 xz− y 2 x + y
Choosing y,x,-2z as multipliers each of the fractions
 ydx dy dz
= =
y (x+ 2 z ) x (4 xz− y ) −2 z (2 x 2 + y )
ydx xdy −2 zdz ydx + xdy−2 zdz
Or, y (x+ 2 z ) = x (4 xz− y ) = 2
=
0
−2 z (2 x + y )
Or, ydx + xdy−2 zdz=0
Or, d ( xy )−2 zdz=0 Now integrating both sides
Or, xy−z 2=c1 … … …(iii )
[c 1 beingan arbitray constant ]
2 xdx −dy −dz 2 xdx−dy −dz
= = =
2
2 x (x +2 z ) −( 4 xz− y ) −(2 x + y ) 0
Or, 2 xdx−dy−dz=0 integrating both sides
x 2− y−z =c 2 … … … (iv )
[c 2 beingan arbitray constant ] From (iii) and (iv) we have
Hence ∅ ( xy−z 2 , x 2− y −z )=0 is required solution
Where ∅ is an arbitrary function

Date 18.08.2020 Class L-6 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
19.Promote the equation of integral surface satisfying the equation
4 yzp+ q+2 y=0∧ passing through y 2 + z 2=1 , x + z=2p-2.29 ex 5 . mist-2019
Given , 4 yzp+ q=−2 y … … …(i)
And y 2 + z 2=1 … … …(ii)
x + z=2 … … ..(iii)
Here, Lagrange’s auxiliary equation for (i)
dx dy dz
= =
P Q R
dx dy dz
Or, 4 yz = 1 = −2 y … …(iv )
dx dz
Taking 1st and 3rd portion 4 yz = −2 y
dx dz
Or, 2 z = −1
Or, dx=−2 zdz
Or, dx +2 zdz=0
Now integrating both sides
x + z 2=c 1 … … … (v )
dy dz
Taking 2nd and 3rd portion 1 =−2 y
Or, dz +2 ydy=0
integrating both sides
z + y 2=c 2 … … …( vi)
Adding (v) and (vi) x + z 2+ z + y 2=c1 +c 2 … … …( vii)
Or, ( y 2 + z 2 ¿+( z+ x)=c1 +c 2
Or, 1+2=c 1+ c2
Or, c 1 +c 2=3
Putting this value in eq(vii)
x + z 2+ z + y 2=3
The equation of required surface y 2 + z 2+ z + x=3
20. show that the equation xp− yq=0∧z ( xp+ yq )=2 xy are compatible and solve
them p-3.7 ex-2 . mist-2019
Let, f ( x , y , z , p , q ) =xp− yq=0 … … …(i)
And , g ( x , y , z , p ,q )=z ( xp+ yq )=2 xy … … … (ii)

δf δf
δ( f , g) δx
Now, δ (x , p) = δg

= pxz− pxz+ 2 xy
δx
| || δp = p x
δg zp−2 y xz
δp
|
=2 xy
δf δf
=
| ||
δ ( f , g) δz
δ (z , p) δg

=−x 2 p−xyq
δz
δp = 0 x
δg xp+ yq xz
δp
|
δf δf
=
| ||
δ( f , g) δy
δ ( y , q) δg
δy
=−qyz +qyz −2 xy
δq = −q −y
δg zq−2 x yz
δq
|
=−2 xy
δf δf
=
| ||
δ (f , g) δz
δ ( z , q) δg

= xyq+ y 2 q
δz
δq = 0 −y
δg xp+ yq yz
δq
|
δ ( f , g) δ (f , g) δ( f , g) δ (f , g)
∴ [ f , g ]= +p + +q
δ( x , p) δ (z , p) δ ( y , q) δ (z , q)
Or, [ f , g ] =2 xy + p (−x 2 p−xyq )−2 xy +q (xyq+ y 2 q)
=−x 2 p2−xypq + xypq+ y 2 q 2
= −xp ( xp+ yq ) + yq ( xp+ yq)
= ( xp+ yq)( yq−xp)
=−( xp− yq )( xp+ yq) [from xp− yq=0 …(i)]
=0
Hence (i) and (ii) are compatible
Solution :
xp− yq=0 … … …(i)× z
z ( xp + yq ) =2 xy … … …(ii)
Multiply (i) by, z and adding with (ii)
Or, z xp−zyq + z ( xp+ yq )=2 xy
Or, 2 z xp=2 xyz
Or, pz= y
y x
Or, p= z and q= z
Now, dz= pdx +qdy
y x
Or, dz= z dx+ z dy
Or, z . dz = ydx+ xdy
z2 ( '
Or, = x . y ) +c
2
Or, z 2=2 xy+ c c is an arbitrary constant

Date 25.08.2020 Class L-7 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
21. Define complete general and singular integral. hence integrate complete
general and singular integral of ( p2 +q 2 ) y =qz p-3.16; ex-10c mist-2019

Complete general: A complete integral being a relation between x , y ∧z

represents equation of a surface. Science it involves two arbitrary parameters
it belong to a double infinite system of surfaces or to a single infinite of family
of surfaces
General integral: let a complete solution of f ( x , y , z , p , q ) =0 be
φ ( x , y , z , a , b )=0 … …(i)
A general integral is obtain by eliminating a (i) and the equation,
δφ δφ '
b=φ ( a ) … … … (ii) and + φ ( a )=0 … …(iii)
δa δb
Where φ be an arbitrary function?
Given, f ( x , y , z , p , q ) =( p2 +q2 ) y−qz=0 … …(i)
δf δf δf
f x= =0 , f y = = p2 +q 2 , f z = =−q
δx δy δz
δf δf
f p= =2 py , f q= =2 qy−z
δp δq
Charpit’s auxiliary equation are,
dp dq dz dx dy
= = = =
f x + p f z f y +q f z − p f p −q f q −f p −f q
dp dq dz dx dy
Or, 0− pq = 2 2 ( ) = = =
p +q + q −q −2 p y + qz−2 q y −2 py −2 qy + z
2 2

dp dq dz dx dy
Or, −pq = 2 = = = … … … ( ii )
p −2 p y +qz−2 q y −2 py −2 qy+ z
2 2

dp dq
Taking 1st and 2nd portion we have, −pq = 2
p
Or, pdp=−qdq
p 2 −q 2 a2
Or, = +
2 2 2
2 2 2
Or, p +q =a … … …(iii )
qz 2
Or, y =a [Given,( p2 +q 2 ) y =qz ]
a2 y
or, q=
z
From (iii) p= √ a 2−q 2
2 2

√
Or, p= a 2− a y
a 2 2 2
(z)
or, p= z √ z −a y
We know, dz= pdx +qdy
a 2 2 2 a2 y
Or, dz= √ z −a y dx + dy [putting p and q ]
z z
Or, zdz=a √ z 2−a2 y 2 dx +a 2 y dy
Or, zdz−a2 y dy =a √ z 2−a2 y 2 dx
(zdz−a2 y dy ) 1
Or, =adx [ ∫ dx=2 √ x ]
2
√ z −a y2 2
√x
Or, √ z 2−a2 y 2=ax +b
Or, ( z 2−a 2 y 2 )=(ax +b)2 which is complete general integral a , bbeing arbitrary
constant
Singular integral: ( z 2−a 2 y 2 )=(ax +b)2 … …(iv)
Differentiating (iv) partially with respect to a∧b we get
0−2 a y 2=2 ( ax+ b ) x
Or, 2 ( ax+ b ) x+2 a y 2=0 … … …(v)
And , 2 ( ax+ b )=0 … … … …( vi)
Eliminating a∧b from ( iv ) , ( v )∧(vi) we have,
z=0 which is clearly satisfies (i) and Hence it is the Singular integral
22.Find a complete general integral of px+ qy= pq p-3.14; ex-6
Sol : Given equation is ,
f ( x , y , z , p , q ) =px +qy = pq=0 … …(i)
δf δf δf
f x = = p , f y = =q , f z = =0
δx δy δz
δf δf
f p= =x−q , f q= = y− p
δp δq
Using Char pit’s auxiliary equation, we get,
dp dq dz dx dy
= = = =
f x + p f z f y +q f z − p f p −q f q −f p −f q
dp dq dz dx dy
Or, p+ p .0 = q+ q .0 = −p (x−q)−q( y− p) = −( x−q) = −( y −q)
dp dq dz dx dy
Or, p = q = − px−qy +2 pq = −( x−q) = −( y−q)
dp dq
Taking 1st and 2nd portion we have, p = q
Or, lnp=lnq+lna
Or, p=aq [ is an arbitrary constant ]
Putting this value in equation (i) px+ qy= pq
Or, aq . x +qy=aq . q=0
Or, ax + y=qa=0
ax + y
Or, q= a
ax + y
Since, p=a . a [ p=aq ]
Or, p=ax+ y
We know, dz= pdx +qdy
Putting the value of p and q in the above equation
dz=(ax + y ) dx+ ( ax+a y ) dy
Or,adz=a ( ax+ y ) dx +(ax + y)dy
Or,adz=(ax + y )(adx +dy )
[ax + y=u∨, ( adx +dy )=du
 1 2
Or, az= 2 (ax + y ) +b which is complete general integral a , bbeing arbitrary
constant
23. Charpit’s Method . solving 1st order but of any degree non-linear partial
differential equation
Let, the given partial differential of first order and non-linear in p,q be
f ( x , y , z , p , q ) =0 … … …(i)
δz δz δy δx
[ δx = p , δy =q and δx =0 , δy =0 ]
Differentiating (i) partially with respect to x we get
δf δf δy δf δz δf δp δf δq
+ . + . + . + . =0
δx δy δx δz δx δp δx δq δx
δf δf δf δf δp δf δq
Or, δx + δy .0+ δz . p+ δp . δx + δq . δx =0
δf δf δf δp δf δq
Or, δx + p δz + δp . δx + δq . δx =0 … … …(ii)
Similarly, Differentiating (i) partially with respect to y we get
δf δf δf δp δf δq
0+ +q . + . + . =0
δy δz δp δy δq δy
δf δf δf δp δf δq
+q . + . + . =0 … … …(iii )
δy δz δp δy δq δy
We know, z=z (x , y )
δz δz
dz= . dx+ . dy
δx δy
Or, dz= p . dx +q . dy … … … …(iv )
Substituting the value of p and q in (4) we get the equation containing x,y,z .
The resulting equation is either easily integrable or integrate by the help of
integrating factor.
Let, other variable be φ ( x , y , z , a , b )=0 … …(v)
δφ δφ δφ δφ δφ
Or, dφ= δp . dp+ δq . dq+ δz . dz+ δx . dx + δy . dy … … …(vi)
Differentiating (v) partially with respect to x∧ y we get
δφ δφ δφ δp δφ δq
+ p + . + . =0 … … …(vii)
δx δz δp δx δq δx
δφ δφ δφ δp δφ δq
+q + . + . =0 … … …(viii )
δy δz δp δy δq δy

Solving ( ii ) , ( iii ) , ( vii )∧(viii) we get

( δfδx + p δfδz ) δφδp +( δyδf + q δfδz ) δφδq +(−p δpδf −q δqδf ) δφδz +( −δf δφ −δf δφ
δp ) δx ( δq ) δy
++ =0 … … …(ix)
which is a linear equation of the first order with x , y , z , p , q as independent
variable and φ as a dependent variable.
Using Lagrange’s method for (ix) and ( vi) we get,
dp dq dz dx dy
= = = = … … … …( x )
δf δf δf δf δf δf −δf −δf
+p +q − p −q
δx δz δy δz δp δq δp δq
Charpit’s auxiliary equation are,
dp dq dz dx dy
f x + p f z f y +q f z − p f p −q f q −f p −f q proved
= = = =

Date 01.09.2020 Class L-8 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
24.Define linear partial differential equation by elimination with n
independent variables.p-2.35 Ex2.20 Hence evaluate, p1 + x 1 p2 + x 1 x 2 p3= x1 x2 x 3 √ z
p-2.37 Ex7 Mist-2019
Definition of linear partial differential equation:
Let, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 … … … … x n be the n independent variables
δz δz δz δz
And p1= δ x , p2= δ x , p3= δ x …….. pn= δ x
1 2 3 n

Where z is dependent variable. Consider the general linear partial differential

equation with n independent variables
P1 p1 + P2 p 2+ P3 p3+……… Pn p n=R … … … …(i)
Where P1 , P2 , P 3 … … . Pn are the function of x 1 , x 2 , x 3 … … … … x n
Let, u1=c1, u2=c 2, u3=c 3, …….. un =c n be any n independent Integrals of the
auxiliary equations
d x 1 d x 2 d x3 d xn
∴ = = =… … …= … …(ii)
p1 p2 p3 pn
The general solution of (i) given by φ ( u 1 , u2 ,u 3 … … .. un )=0

Here given equation , p1 + x 1 p2 + x 1 x 2 p3= x1 x2 x 3 √ z … …(i)

the auxiliary equation for (i)
d x1 d x2 d x3 dz
∴ = = = … … …(ii)
1 x 1 x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x3 √ z
d x1 d x2
Taking 1st and 2nd we get, 1 = x
1

Or, x 1 . d x1 =d x 2
x12
Or, −x 2=c
2
Or, x 12−2 x 2=c1 … …(iii )
 2 3 dx dx
Taking 2nd and 3rd we get, x = x x
1 1 2
d x2 d x3
Or, 1 = x
2

Or, 2 2 x3
x d x =d
x22
Or, −x 3=c
2
Or, x 22−2 x 3=c 2 … …(iv)
d x3 dz
Taking 4th and 3rd we get, x x =
1 2 x1 x2 x3 √ z
dz
Or, x 3 d x 3=
√z
x32
Or, −2 √ z =c
2
Or, x 32−4 √ z=c 3 … … .( v)
From (iii), (iv) and (v) we have
The general solution

φ ( x 12−2 x 2 , x 22−2 x 3 , x32−4 √ z )=0

Where φ being arbitrary function

25. Solve linear partial differential equation , x 3 x 2 p 1+ x 1 x 3 p 2+ x1 x 2 p3 + x 1 x 2 x 3=0

p-2.36, Ex-6
Putting the given equation in standard form, we have
x 3 x 2 p 1+ x 1 x 3 p 2+ x1 x 2 p3=−x 1 x2 x 3 … … … (i)
The auxiliary equation for (i)
d x 1 d x2 d x 3 dz
∴ = = = … … …(ii)
x 3 x 2 x3 x 1 x 1 x 2 −x 1 x2 x 3
d x1 d x 2
Taking 1st and 2nd we get, x x = x x
3 2 3 1
d x1 d x2
Or, x = x
2 1

Or, x 1 d x 1=x 2 d x 2
Or,2 x1 d x1=2 x 2 d x 2
Or, x 12=x 22 +c 1 [Integrating both sides]
Or, x 12−x 22 =c 1 … … (iii)
d x1 d x 3
Taking 1st and 3rd fraction we get, x x = x x
3 2 1 2
d x1 d x3
Or, x = x
3 1
Or,2 x1 d x1=2 x 3 d x 3
Or, x 12=x 32+ c2 [Integrating both sides]
Or, x 12−x 32=c 2 … … … (iv)
d x1 dz
Taking 1st and 4th fraction we get, x x = −x x x
3 2 1 2 3
d x1 dz
Or, 1 = −x
1

Or, x 1 d x 1=−dz [Integrating both sides]

x12
Or, =−z +c
2
Or, x 12+2 z=c 3 … …(v)
From ( iii ) , ( iv ) ,(v) the required General solution
φ ( x 12−x 22 , x 12−x 32 , x 12+2 z )=0 here φ being a arbitrary function

26. Define homogeneous and none- homogeneous linear partial differential

equation with constant coefficient, And solve Solve the linear partial
d3 z d3 z d3 z
differential equation , 3 −7 +6 3 =0 pk461
dx dxd 2 y dy
If all the derivatives of a linear differential equation has the same order then
the resulting equation is called homogeneous linear partial differential
equation with constant coefficient
The equation can be written as
D n + A1 D n−1 D ´ + A2 D n−2 D ' 2 +… … … …+ A 2 D ' n=f ( x , y ) … …(i)
Which is homogeneous linear partial differential equation of order n
On the other hand when all the derivatives of a linear differential equation
has not the same order then the resulting equation is called none-
homogeneous linear partial differential equation with constant coefficient
d3 z d3 z d3 z
Solve the linear partial differential equation , −7 +6 =0 pk461
dx 3 dxd 2 y dy 3
d3 z d3 z d3 z
Given equation , −7 +6 =0
dx 3 dxd 2 y dy 3
The equation is written as ( D3−7 D D ´ 2 + D´ 3 ¿ z=0 …… ….. (i)
dz dz
Here D= dx ∧D ´= dy
Let z=φ ( y +mx ) be the complementary function .
For the auxiliary equation put D=m∧D´ =1 then¿(i)

A.E , m3−7 m .12 +6.13=0

Or, m3−7 m+6=0
Or, m3−m2 +m2−m−6 m+6=0
Or, m2 ( m−1 )+ m ( m−1 ) −6 ( m−1 )=0
Or, ( m−1 ) ( m2+ m−6 ) =0
Or, ( m−1 ) ( m−2 ) (m+3)=0
∴ roots of m are m=1 , m=2 , m=−3
Hence the complementary function(C . F)
( C . F )=φ1 ( y + x )+ φ2 ( y +2 x )+ φ3 ( y−3 x ) Ans

Date 08.09.2020 Class L-9 Dept: NAME

Partial differential equation
27.Solve the linear homogenous partial differential equation,
( D2 + D' 2 ) z =12(x+ y ) Art-23.pk-461
Let, φ ( D , D' )=D 2 + D ´ 2=0 … … … (i)
And z=φ ( y +mx ) be the complementary function .
For the auxiliary equation put D=m∧D´ =1 then¿(i)
A.E , m2 +1=0
Or, m 2=−1
Or, m=± i
Hence the complementary function(C . F)
( C . F )=φ1 ( y +ix ) +φ2 ( y−ix ) … … …( ii)

Particular Integral (P.I)

1
P.I= ( 12( x+ y )
φ D , D' )
1
= × 12( x+ y)
D +D ´2
2

12
2
(x + y)
= D2 1+ D ´
( D2 )
−1
12 D´ 2
= 2
D
1+ (
D2 ) ( x + y)

12 D ´2 D ´ 4
= 2
D
1−( +
D2 D 4 )
−… … … . ( x + y )

12 12 2
= 2 ( x+ y )− 4 . D´ ( x + y ) +… … … …
D D
2
12 x 12
=
D 2 ( )
+ xy − 4 . D ´ ( 0+1 ) +… … … …
D
3 2
x x y 12
=12 +(6 2 )
− 4 ×0
D
 =2 x3 +6 x 2 y
Therefore, the complete solution is =C . F+ P . I
z=φ 1 ( y +ix ) +φ 2 ( y −ix ) +2 x 3 +6 x 2 y Ans

28.Solve ( D2 +2 D D' + D'2 ) z =e2 x+3 y pk-461.p-4.10.Ex-3a

Let, φ ( D , D' )=D2 +2 D D' + D' 2=0 … … …( i)
Let, z=φ ( y +mx ) be the complementary function .
For the auxiliary equation put D=m∧D´ =1 then¿(i)
A.E , m2 +2 m+1=0
Or, ¿
Or, m=−1 ,−1
Hence the complementary function(C . F)
( C . F )=φ1 ( y−x ) + x . φ2 ( y−x ) … … …(ii)
Particular Integral (P.I)
1 2 x+3 y
P.I= ( ×e
φ D , D' )
1
= 2 ' '2
× e 2 x+3 y
D +2D D +D
1
= 2 2
× e2 x+3 y
(2) + 2× 2× 3+(3)
e2 x+3 y
=
25
General solution =C . F+ P . I
e 2 x+3 y
G . S=φ1 y−x + x φ2 y −x +
( ) ( ) Ans.
25

29. Solve the linear homogenous partial differential equation, Mist-2019

(i) ( D ¿ ¿ 2−2 D D' + D '2 )z=tan ⁡( y+ x )¿ p-4.12 ex-6(a)
Let, φ ( D , D' )=D2−2 D D' + D' 2=0 … … …(i)
And z=φ ( y +mx ) be the complementary function .
For the auxiliary equation put D=m∧D´ =1 then¿(i)
A.E , m2−2 m+ 1=0
Or, ¿
Or, m=1 , 1
Hence the complementary function(C . F)
( C . F )=φ1 ( y + x )+ x . φ2 ( y + x ) … … …(ii)
Particular Integral (P.I)
1
P.I= ( × tan ⁡( y + x)
φ D , D' )
 1
= ' 2
× tan ⁡( y + x )
(D−D )
x2
= × tan ⁡( y + x )
1.2!
Using formula (ii) of working rule with a=1 ,b=1 , n=2
x2
= × tan ⁡( y + x)
2
General solution =C . F+ P . I
x2
G . S=φ1 ( y + x )+ x φ2 ( y + x )+ × tan ⁡( y + x ) Ans.
2
30. Solve the linear homogenous partial differential equation,
( D ¿ ¿ 2−3 D D' + 2 D'2 ) z=e 2 x− y +cos ⁡(x +2 y)¿ p-4.14 ex-9b
Let, φ ( D , D' )=¿ ¿
And z=φ ( y +mx ) be the complementary function .
For the auxiliary equation put D=m∧D´ =1 then¿(i)
A.E , m2−3 m+2=0
Or, m2−2 m−m+2=0
Or, ( m−2 ) ( m−1 )=0
Either, m=2∨¿, m=1
Hence the complementary function(C . F)
( C . F )=φ1 ( y + x )+ φ2 ( y +2 x ) … … …(ii)
Now, P.I corresponds to e 2 x− y
1 2 x− y
P.I= ( ×e
φ D , D' )
1
= 2 ' '2
×e 2 x− y
D −3 D D +2 D
1
= 2 2
×e 2 x− y
(2) −3 ×2(−1)+2(−1)
e2 x− y
= … … …(iii )
12
And , P.I corresponds to, cos ⁡( x +2 y )
1
P.I= ( × cos ⁡( x+ 2 y )
φ D , D' )
1
= 2 ×∬ cos ⁡( v)dvdv [where v=x+2y]
D −3 D D ' +2 D ' 2
1
= 2 ×∬ cos ⁡( v )dvdv
(1) −3 ×1 ×2+2(2)2
1
= 3 ×∫ sin ⁡( v)dv
 1
= 3 ×(−cosv )
−1
= 3 ×cos ( x +2 y ) … …(iv )
From (ii), (iii)and (iv) we get
General solution =C . F+ P . I
2 x− y
e cos ( x +2 y )
G . S=φ1 ( y + x )+ φ2 ( y +2 x ) + − Ans
12 3
31. Solve the linear homogenous partial differential equation,
( D ¿ ¿ 3−4 D 2 D ' + 4 D D'2) z=4 sin(2 x + y ) ¿
Let, φ ( D , D' )=D 3−4 D 2 D' + 4 D D'2 =0 … … …(i)
And z=φ ( y +mx ) be the complementary function .
For the auxiliary equation put D=m∧D´ =1 then¿(i)
A.E , m3−4 m2+ 4 m=0
Or, m(m2−4 m+ 4)=0
Or, m ¿

∴ m=0,2,2
Hence the complementary function(C . F)
( C . F )=φ1 ( y )+ φ2 ( y+ 2 x ) + x . φ3 ( y +2 x ) … … …(ii)
Particular Integral (P.I)
P.I= ¿ 1¿ ¿
1
= × 4 sin(2 x+ y )
' 2
D ( D−2 D )
1
= 2
× 4 {−cos(2 x + y) }
2. ( D−2 D ' )
−2
= 2
×cos (2 x+ y )
( D−2 D' )
Using formula (ii) of working rule with a=1 ,b=1 , n=2
x2
=−2. × cos (2 x + y )
1.2 !
=−x 2 cos (2 x+ y)
General solution =C . F+ P . I
G . S=φ1 ( y ) +φ2 ( y+ 2 x ) + x . φ 3 ( y +2 x )−x 2 cos (2 x + y )
32. If F (D , D' ) be homogeneous function of D∧D ' of degree n’ then prove that
1 1
'
φn ( ax+ by )= φ(ax +by )provided F ( a , b ) ≠ 0 ; φn being nth derivative of
F (D , D ) F (a , b)
∅ with respect to ax +by as whole P-4.7, mist -2019
Proof : By the direct differentiation we have ,
Dr φ ( ax +by )=ar φ r (ax +by )
D ' s φ ( ax +by )=bs φ s (ax +by )
And, Dr . D' s φ ( ax +by )=ar bs φ r+ s (ax +by)
Since F (D , D' ) is homogeneous function of degree n’
So we have F ( D , D' ) φ ( ax+ by )=F ( a , b ) φ n ( ax +by ) … …(i)
1
Operating both side of (i) by ( we have
F D , D' )
1
φ ( ax +by ) =F ( a , b ) '
φ n ( ax+by ) … …( ii)
F( D,D )
Since F ( a , b ) ≠ 0 dividing both side of (ii)by F ( a , b )
1 1
φ ( ax+ by )= φn ( ax+ by )
F ( a , b) F (D,D ) '

1 n 1
Or, ( φ ( ax+ by )= φ ( ax+ by ) … … (iii)
F D,D ) '
F ( a , b)
An important deduction from result (iii) putting ax +by=v
1 1
φn ( ax+ by )= φ ( ax+ by ) … … (iii)
F (D,D ) '
F ( a , b)
1 1
Or, ( φn ( v )= φ ( v ) … …(iv)
F D,D ) '
F (a , b )
Integrating both sides of (iv) n’ times with respect of v we have,
1 1
φ ( v )= ∫∫∫ … … … …∫ φ ( v ) dv .dv . dv … … dv
F (D,D )'
F (a , b )
Where v=ax +by
Exceptional case when F ( a , b )=0 then the above theorem does not hold good. In
such a case the new method is based on the following theorem that F ( a , b )=0 if
and only if ( bD−a D' ) is a factor of F (D , D' )
1 xn (
I,e n
φ ( ax+ by ) = r. n!
φ ax+by )
( bD−a D ' ) b