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    Exercises Topic 1

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Malak
    The document describes exercises involving analyzing customer data from a café survey and customer time spent in a store. For the café survey: the frequency distribution shows most customers were ages 21-29; 43% were under 29. For the store time data: the mean time was 13.1 minutes; the median was 14 minutes; there were no outliers as all times were between 4.25-22.25 minutes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Exercises Topic 1

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Malak
    31 views13 pages
    The document describes exercises involving analyzing customer data from a café survey and customer time spent in a store. For the café survey: the frequency distribution shows most customers were ages 21-29; 43% were under 29. For the store time data: the mean time was 13.1 minutes; the median was 14 minutes; there were no outliers as all times were between 4.25-22.25 minutes.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document describes exercises involving analyzing customer data from a café survey and customer time spent in a store. For the café survey: the frequency distribution shows most customers were ages 21-29; 43% were under 29. For the store time data: the mean time was 13.1 minutes; the median was 14 minutes; there were no outliers as all times were between 4.25-22.25 minutes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views13 pages

    Exercises Topic 1

    Uploaded by

    Ahmad Malak
    The document describes exercises involving analyzing customer data from a café survey and customer time spent in a store. For the café survey: the frequency distribution shows most customers were ages 21-29; 43% were under 29. For the store time data: the mean time was 13.1 minutes; the median was 14 minutes; there were no outliers as all times were between 4.25-22.25 minutes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Topic 1 - Exercises

    Exercise 1 (2.14)
    A café recently conducted a survey on its coffee selling by
    customers’ age. The owner recorded the first 30 customers who
    visited his café and had chosen coffee as their drink. The customers’
    respective ages were recorded in a sample data set as follows:

    a. Construct a frequency distribution


    b. Develop a histogram based on the frequency distribution in (a)
    c. Add two more columns which show the relative frequency and
    cumulative relative frequency for the frequency distribution in (a)
    d. Determine how many percent of the café’s customers chosen to
    drink coffee are less than 29 years old.
    Exercise 1 - Solution
    a. Sort the customer’s age:

    Find the number of classes k:


    • Use the “2 to the k” rule: 𝟐𝒌 > 𝒏
    log(30) 1.4771
    • Solution: k > log 2 (𝑛) → 𝑘 > = = 4.907 → 𝒌 = 𝟓
    log 2 0.3010

    • Verify: 25 = 32 > 30
    Find the class width W:
    max −𝑚𝑖𝑛 52−13
    • 𝑊= = = 7.8 ≈ 𝟖 (round up)
    𝑘 5
    Exercise 1 - Solution
    a. Sort the customer’s age:

    We have k=5 classes, each has a width of 8


    The frequency distribution:

    Age Frequency
    13 – < 21 5
    21 – < 29 8
    29 – < 37 5
    37 – < 45 6
    45 – < 53 6
    Exercise 1 - Solution Age Frequency
    13 – < 21 5
    b. Histogram: 21 – < 29 8
    29 – < 37 5
    37 – < 45 6
    45 – < 53 6
    Exercise 1 - Solution
    c. Relative and cumulative frequencies

    Age Frequency Relative Cumulative


    frequency Relative
    Frequency
    13 – < 21 5 0.1667 0.1667
    21 – < 29 8 0.2667 0.4333
    29 – < 37 5 0.1667 0.6
    37 – < 45 6 0.2 0.8
    45 – < 53 6 0.2 1
    Total 30 1.0000
    d. Determine how many percent of the café’s customers chosen to
    drink coffee are less than 29 years old.
    • From the cumulative freq. distribution: 43.33% of the café’s
    customers who chose to drink coffee are less than 29 years old.
    Exercise 2 (3.74)
    Recently, a store manager tracked the time customers
    spent in the store from the time they took a number until
    they left. A sample of 16 customers was selected and the
    following data (measured in minutes) were recorded:

    15 14 16 14 14 14 13 8 12 9 7 17 10 15 16 16

    a. Find and interpret the: mean, standard deviation,


    mode, range, median, and interquartile range
    b. Are there any Outliers?
    c. Develop a box and whisker plot for these data
    Exercise 2 - Solution 𝟐
    𝒙 ഥ
    𝒙−𝒙 ഥ
    𝒙−𝒙
    a. 𝑥1 15 1.875 3.515625
    σ𝑛 14 0.875 0.765625
    𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 15+14+⋯+16
    Mean: 𝑥ҧ = = 16 2.875 8.265625
    𝑛 16
    14 0.875 0.765625
    210
    = = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 14 0.875 0.765625
    16 14 0.875 0.765625
    13 –0.125 0.015625
    ⋮ 8 –5.125 26.26563
    Sample S𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 12 –1.125 1.265625
    9 –4.125 17.01563
    σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥ҧ 2
    7 –6.125 37.51563
    𝑠=
    𝑛−1 17 3.875 15.01563
    10 –3.125 9.765625
    15 1.875 3.515625
    141.75 16 2.875 8.265625
    = = 9.45 𝑥
    16 − 1 16 16 2.875 8.265625
    sum 210 141.75
    = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟏
    Exercise 2 - Solution
    𝒙 𝒙𝟐
    a. 𝑥1 15 225
    Sample Standard deviation 14 196
    𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 formula 16 256
    14 196
    (𝟑. 𝟏𝟒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘): 14 196
    2 14 196
    σ𝑖 𝑥𝑖 13 169
    σ𝑖 𝑥𝑖2 − ⋮
    𝑠= 𝑛 8 64
    𝑛−1 12 144
    9 81
    7 49
    17 289
    (210)2 10 100
    2898 − 16 15 225
    𝑠= 16 256
    16 − 1 𝑥16 16 256
    sum 210 2898
    141.75
    = = 9.45 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟏
    15
    Exercise 2 - Solution
    𝑸𝟐
    a.
    Sort data in ascending order:
    7 8 9 10 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17
    position 𝑖:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

    Mode = 14 (most frequent value)


    Range = max – min = 17-7 = 10

    Median (𝑸𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒆):


    • 𝑛 = 16, even number => median is the average of the two
    (14+14)
    middle values: = 𝟏𝟒
    2
    𝑝 50
    • Using 𝑖 = 𝑛 = 16 = 8, integer => median is the
    100 100
    (14+14)
    average of the values at the 8th and 9th positions: = 𝟏𝟒
    2
    Exercise 2 - Solution
    𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟑
    a.

    7 8 9 10 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17
    position 𝑖:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

    Frist quartile (𝑸𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒆)


    𝑝 25
    • 𝑖= 𝑛 = 16 = 4, integer => 𝑄1 is the average of the
    100 100
    (10+12)
    values at the 4th and 5th positions: = 𝟏𝟏
    2

    Thrid quartile (𝑸𝟑 = 𝟕𝟓𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒆)


    𝑝 75
    • 𝑖= 𝑛 = 16 = 12, integer => 𝑄3 is the average of the
    100 100
    (15+16)
    values at the 12th and 13th positions: = 𝟏5.5
    2
    Exercise 2 - Solution
    𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟑
    a.
    𝑰𝑸𝑹

    7 8 9 10 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17
    position 𝑖:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

    The Interquartile Range (IQR) = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1 = 15.5 – 11 = 4.5

    b. Outliers?
    • Lower limit: 𝑄1 − 1.5 𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 11 − 1.5 × 4.5 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟓
    • Upper limit: 𝑄3 + 1.5 𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 15.5 + 1.5 × 4.5 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐𝟓
    • ⇒ No outliers, because no values in the data is less than the
    lower limit (4.25) or greater than the upper limit (22.25)
    • ⇒ In the context of the problem: there are no outliers since
    the time spent by each customer in store is greater than 4.25
    minutes and smaller than 22.25 minutes.
    Exercise 2 - Solution
    c. Boxplot
    7 8 9 10 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17

    𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟕
    𝑸𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓
    𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒

    𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏

    𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟕

    Is the data distribution skewed?

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