Nurzalyn Loza Module 4 Pedia

Nurzalyn L.
Loza
BSN-2
PEDIA
MODULE 4
Exercise 1
1. Discuss the development of language seen in toddlerhood. Compare the language

development of the 15-month-old child to the language development of the 36-month old
child.
= Language development is a critical part of child development. It supports
your child's ability to communicate, and express and understand feelings. It also supports
thinking and problem-solving, and developing and maintaining relationships. Between 6
and 9 months, babies babble in syllables and start imitating tones and speech sounds. By
12 months, a baby's first words usually appear, and by 18 months to 2 years children use
around 50 words and will start putting two words together into short sentences. From 2-3
years, sentences extend to 4 and 5 words.
2. What are the physiological growth and developmental milestones seen in toddlerhood
and why are they important?
= Developmental milestones offer important clues about a child's developmental health.
Reaching milestones at the typical ages shows a child is developing as expected.
Reaching milestones much earlier means a child may be advanced compared with his or
her peers of the same age. As infants and toddlers grow, their determination to master
movement, balance, and fine- and gross-motor skills remains strong. Rolling and
crawling occur as infants develop skills in using large-muscle groups. Grasping and
picking up objects with fingers are signs of small-muscle skill growth.
3. Describe the toddler’s physiological, psychosocial, cognitive and moral development.

= Cognitive development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking,
reasoning, and creativity. Psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, and
social relationships. We refer to these domains throughout the chapter. Morality is our
ability to learn the difference between right or wrong and understand how to make the
right choices. Between the ages of 2 and 5, many children start to show morally-based
behaviors and beliefs.
Exercise 2
1. List the areas of family teaching that are important for the caregivers of toddlers.
= Parents and caregivers offer their children love, acceptance, appreciation,
encouragement, and guidance. They provide the most intimate context for the nurturing
and protection of children as they develop their personalities and identities and also as
they mature physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially.
2. What must develop in order for the toddler to be physically ready for toilet training? By
what age are most children toilet trained?
= Usually, children do not master all necessary skills until after 24 months of age,
although some do as early as 12 months. Considering the time range for skills acquisition,
parents may have difficulty judging when a toddler is ready for toilet training.
3. List the four leading causes of accidents in toddlers. For each of these causes state three
prevention tips that you could share with family caregivers of toddlers.
= The most common causes of child injuries are falls, road accidents, drowning,
poisonings, and burns and scalds. The caregivers should not let the child unattended,
because the child can be in danger anytime.
4. What are the common physical, behavioral, and cognitive signs of toilet training
readiness?
= Physical signs of potty training readiness include staying dry for two or more hours at a
time, sticking to a regular pattern of bowel movements, having the ability to get to
the potty, and being able to pull pants on and off and sit down on the potty without help.
Emotional signs of readiness are important, too.
5. After reading this information, what could you share with the caregivers of a toddler
regarding toilet training?
= In some cases children learn bladder control first; others learn bowel
control before bladder control. Control is generally first achieved during the daytime,
well before a child is able to stay dry at night.
Case Scenario:
1. You are in the supermarket with your 2-yearoldniece, Lauren. She is having a loud,
screaming temper tantrum because you won’t buy some expensive cookies she wants. As
you are trying to talk with her, she is yelling, “No, I want them.”
a. What are the reasons toddlers have temper tantrums?
= They're how young children show that they're upset or frustrated. Tantrums may
happen when kids are tired, hungry, or uncomfortable. They can have a meltdown
because they can't get something (like a toy or a parent) to do what they want.
Learning to deal with frustration is a skill that children gain over time.
b. What is the best way to respond to a toddler who is having a temper tantrum? Why?
= Typically, the best way to respond to a tantrum is to stay calm. If you respond with
loud, angry outbursts, your child might imitate your behavior. Shouting at a child to
calm down is also likely to make things worse. Instead, try to distract your child.
c. What would you say to Lauren in this situation?

= That she need to stay calm, give plenty of positive attention and try to give toddlers
some control over little things.
d. What actions would you take during the temper tantrum? After the temper tantrum?
= You can also try gentle distraction, switching to activities your child enjoys or
making a funny face. If your child has a tantrum away from home, lead your child
to a quiet place, such as the car or a rest room. Keep your child safe until
the tantrum has ended. Temper tantrums are an attention-seeking behavior.
2. Marti complains to you that 2-year-old Tasha is very difficult to put to bed at night. Marti
often just gives up and lets Tasha fall asleep in front of the television.
a. What are some of the factors that might be affecting Tasha at bedtime?
=Based on a screening tool for language delay, researchers found that the more
handheld screen time a child's parent reported, the more likely the child was to
have delays in expressive speech. For each 30-minute increase in handheld screen
time, researchers found a 49% increased risk of expressive speech delay.
b. What would you explain to Marti regarding bedtime rituals and routines for toddlers?
= A toddler's bedtime routine might start at 8 p.m. and include a bath, putting on
pajamas, reading a few bedtime stories, getting in bed, and a final goodnight. Include
dental hygiene.
c. What would you suggest Marti do with Tasha at her bedtime?

= Establish a consistent, calming bedtime routine. Make sure your child's room is
quiet, dimly lit and neither too hot nor too cold. Before leaving the room, check
that your child has everything they need for sleep, like a favorite cuddly toy or
blanket. Remind your child to stay quietly in bed.
3. Jed is a 26-month-old child whose family caregivers work outside the home. He goes to a
day care center 3 days a week and is kept by his grandmother the other 2 days. Jed’s
mother asks you for advice in toilet training Jed.
a. What questions would you ask Jed’s mother regarding his physical readiness for toilet
training?
= Physical signs of potty training readiness include staying dry for two or more hours
at a time, sticking to a regular pattern of bowel movements, having the ability to get
to the potty, and being able to pull pants on and off and sit down on the potty without
help. Emotional signs of readiness are important, too.
Questions to ask is
1. Does the caregiver of the child trains them to do a potty?
2. Do you think your child is ready?
3. Let him/her watch and learn
4. Motivate him/her with cool underwear
b. What suggestions will you offer regarding bowel training? Bladder training?
= Bladder training requires the patient to gradually increase the time interval (usually
by 15-minute intervals) between voids until an acceptable voiding schedule is
reached.
c. How might the variety of caregivers Jed has affected his toilet training?
= they should stay calm, even though you’re frustrated, remind yourself that a period
of regression can be normal, don’t punish the child,
d. What could Jed’s mother do to provide consistency in toilet training for her child?
= Once you take off the diaper, set a timer and plan to take your child to the
bathroom every 20 or 30 minutes. One of the main causes of potty training accidents
is because the child is having too much fun or is too engrossed in play to listen
to their body and make it to the bathroom in time.

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1. Discuss the development of language seen in toddlerhood. Compare the language

3. Describe the toddler’s physiological, psychosocial, cognitive and moral development.

c. What would you say to Lauren in this situation?

c. What would you suggest Marti do with Tasha at her bedtime?

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