Geometry Camp 2009

Problem set
1
Easy
Problem 0. In △ABC AB = AC iff2 ∠B = ∠C (Kidding!)
Problem 1. Prove that a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite angles are equal has to
be a parallelogram.
⋆ Problem 2. 3 (a) P, Q, R are points on the sides BC, CA, AB of △ABC. Prove that the
perpendiculars to the sides at these points meet in a common point iff

BP 2 + CQ2 + AR2 = P C 2 + QA2 + RB 2

(b) Given a triangle ABC, Let L, M, N be the feet of the perpendiculars from the point K to the
sides BC, CA, AB respectively. Prove that the perpendiculars from A, B, C to M N, N L, LM
respectively are concurrent.
Problem 3. 4 (a) Let two segments AB and CD intersect at P . Prove that AP ·P B = CP ·P D
iff A,B,C,D are concyclic.
(b) Let A, B, T be three distinct points on ω, and P be a point on the extension of BA. Prove
that P T is tangent to ω iff P T 2 = P A · P B.
Problem 4. The convex hexagon ABCDEF is inscribed in a circle. Prove that the diagonals
AD, BE, CF are concurrent iff

AB · CD · EF = BC · DE · F A

Problem 5. The circles S1 and S2 intersects A. Through A any pair of straight lines BAC and
B0 AC0 are drawn with B, B0 on S1 and C, C0 on S2 . Prove that the chord BB0 of S1 and C0 C
of S2 are inclined at a constant angle.
⋆ Problem 6. The centers of two circles of unequal radii r1 , r2 are a distance r12 apart. Calculate
the distance between the two centers of similitude.5
Problem 7. In △ABC, P lies on BC (possibly on the extensions). Prove that,
BP AB × sin ∠BAP
=
PC AC × sin ∠P AC

⋆⋆ Problem 8. A, B are two fixed points. P moves so that PA

PB is constant. Prove that the locus
of P is a circle. 6
Problem 9. Let H is the orthocenter of △ABC and D be the foot of perpendicular from A on
BC. Prove that AH = a cot A = 2R cos A (R circumradius), and HD = 2R cos B cos C.
⋆ Problem 10. Let the extension of BO meet the circumcircle of △ABC at Q. Prove that
AQCH is the parallelogram. (O circumcenter, H orthocenter)
√
Problem 11. area(ABC) = rr1 r2 r3 .
⋆⋆ Problem 12. r1 + r2 + r3 = 4R + r. (R, r, r1 , r2 , r3 are the radius of circumcircle, incircle, and
1 This does not mean that they are not ”problems”. You will not be able to solve them unless you pay enough

attention, and try hard enough!

2 iff means if and only if. When some problem includes this, it asks to prove ”both ways”. This is important!
3 Asterisk (⋆) indicates the difficulty level of the problems. Note that: ”difficulty” is relative, and the difficult

level of double asterisk problem of ”Easy” set is not the same as that of ”Not so easy!!!” set.
4 Yes...the opposite statement of ”the power of point” theorem is true, and undoubtedly very important.
5 Plane Euclidean page 115.
6 The circle of Appolonius.

1
 the excircles respectively.)
Problem 13.7 Let △ABC be a triangle, and let P , Q, R be any points in the plane distinct
from A, B, C, respectively. Then AP, BQ, CR are concurrent if and only if
sin ∠CAP sin ∠ABQ sin ∠BCR
· · = 1.
sin ∠P AB sin ∠QBC sin ∠RCA

Problem 14.8 (a) Suppose the angle bisector of ∠BAC intersect the circumcircle of △ABC at
X ̸= A. Let I be a point on the line segment AX. Then I is the incenter of △ABC if and only
if XI = XB = XC = XIa .
(b) Find the length AX in terms of the side lengths and angles, using trigonometry.
⋆⋆ Problem 15. Two circles intersect at the points A and B. Tangent lines drawn to both of
the circles at the point A intersect the circles at the points M and N . The lines BM and BN
intersect the circles once more at the points P and Q respectively. Prove that the segments M P
and N Q are equal.
Problem 16. (Perpendicular Lemma)9 On a plane, for distinct points R, S, X, Y we have
RX 2 − SX 2 = RY 2 − SY 2 if and only if RS ⊥ XY .
⋆ Problem 17. Two circles meet at P and Q. A line intersects segment PQ and meets the circles
at the points A, B, C, D in that order. Prove that ∠AP B = ∠CQD.
⋆⋆ Problem 18. A convex quadrilateral ABCD is given for which ∠ABC + ∠BCD < π. The
comon point of the lines AB and CD is E. Prove that ∠ABC = ∠ADC iff
AC 2 = CD · CE − AB · AE

⋆ Problem 19. The quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle. The lines AB and CD meet
at E, while the diagonals AC and BD meet at F . The circumcircle of the triangles AF D and
BF C meet again at H. Prove that ∠EHF = π2 .
Problem 20.Prove that the radical axis of two intersecting circles passes through the intersection
points.
Problem 21. Given three circles in plane whose centers do not lie on one line. Let us draw
radical axes for each pair of these circles. Prove that all the three radical axes meet at one point.
10

⋆⋆ Problem 22. Let M be the midpoint of the altitude BE in △ABC and suppose that the
excircle opposite B touches AC at Y . Then the line M Y goes through the incenter I.
⋆ Problem 23. 11 Let I be the incenter of △ABC. Then AI is the bisector of angle A. If X and
Y are the points of contact of the incircle on BC and AC then prove that the lines AI, XY and
the perpendicular from B to AI are concurrent at a point P .
⋆ Problem 24. Let r, R be the inradius and circumradius of △ABC. Prove that
r
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R

⋆ Problem 25. If ha , hb , hc are the lengths of the altitudes of △ABC, whose incircle has center
I and radius r. Prove that
(a)
r r r
+ + =1
ha hb hc
7 Trigonometric form of Ceva’s Theorem, both of the forms are handy proving concurrency.
8 Thisis a very important lemma. Don’t forget!
9 More applications: http://www.math.ust.hk/excalibur/v12 n3.pdf
10 This point is called the radical center of the three circles.
11 If the incircle touches AB at Z, then we can also deduce that B, Z, I, P, X are concyclic! This is indeed a

very useful and surprizing result.

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 (b)
ha + hb + hc ≥ 9r.
Problem 26. (Leibniz’s12 Inequality) In a triangle ABC with circumradius R prove that
9R2 ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 .
⋆⋆ Problem 26. Let ABC be an acute triangle. Let D be on side BC such that AD ⊥ BC. Let
H be a point on the segment AD different from A and D. Let line BH intersect side AC at E
and line CH intersect side AB at F . Prove that ∠EDA = ∠F DA.
⋆⋆ Problem 27. The circles S1 and S2 intersect at M and N . Show that if vertices A and C
of a rectangle ABCD lie on S1 while vertices B and D lie on S2 , then the intersection of the
diagonals of the rectangle lies on the line M N .
Problem 28. The convex quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in the circle S1 . Let O be the
intersection of AC and BD. Circle S2 passes through D and O, intersecting AD and CD at M
and N , respectively. Lines OM and AB intersect at R, lines ON and BC intersect at T ; and R
and T lie on the same side of line BD as A. Prove that O, R, T , and B are concyclic.

Medium
Problem 1. Two circles with centers A and B intersect at right angles. Their common chord
meets AB at F . DE is a chord of the first circle passing through B. Prove that A, D, E, F are
concyclic.
⋆ Problem 2. L is the midpoint of the side BC of △ABC. The circle through L which touches
AB at B and the circle through L which touches AC at C meet at D. Prove thar LA·LD = LB 2
Problem 3. The centers of two circles S1 , S2 and their common tangents intersect at T . AP
and AQ are the tangents at A to the two circles. Prove that AT bisects ∠P AQ.
Problem 4. Two circles AP1 Q1 and AP2 Q2 cut at A. The lines P1 P2 , Q1 Q2 are their common
tangents. Prove that the circles AP1 P2 and AQ1 Q2 touch each other.
⋆⋆ Problem 5.13 Prove that there exists a point P inside △ABC such that ∠BAΩ = ∠CAΩ =
∠ACΩ = ω. Prove that
cot ω = cot A + cot B + cot B

⋆ Problem 6. Let the extension of DG meet the circumcircle at D2 . Prove that GD = 21 D2 G.

(G centroid,D feet of perpendicular from A.)
⋆ Problem 7. If OA , OB , OC are the reflections of O in the sides BC, CA, AB respectively, prove
that AOA , BOB , COC are concurrent. (O cirumcenter).
Problem 8. On sides AB and AC of triangle ABC there are given points D, E such that DE
is tangent of circle inscribed in triangle ABC and DE ∥ BC. Prove

AB + BC + CA ≥ 8DE

Problem 9. For every triangle ABC, let D, E, F be a point located on segment BC, CA, AB,
respectively. Let P be the intersection of AD and EF . Prove that:
AB AC AD
× DC + × DB = × BC
AF AE AP

⋆ Problem 10. Prove that in any triangle ABC ,

12 Have you heard of Leibniz’s identity? If you haven’t, ask someone!
13 Brocard angle

3
 √ √ √ √
ra + rb + rc ≥ 3 3r

Where r, ra , rb , rc are the radius of the incircle, A−, B−, C− excircles of △ABC.
⋆⋆ Problem 11. Let ABC be a triangle and let P be a point on the angle bisector AD, with D
on BC. Let E, F and G be the intersections of AP , BP and CP with the circumcircle of the
triangle, respectively. Let H be the intersection of EF and AC, and let I be the intersection of
EG and AB. Determine the geometric place of the intersection of BH and CI when P varies.
⋆ Problem 12. A circle has center on the side AB of the cyclic quadrilateral ABCD. The other
three sides are tangent to the circle. Prove that AD + BC = AB.
⋆ Problem 13. A circumference α intersects with circumference β in points A and B. There
is a tangent line to both circumferences α and β which intersects them in points C and D
respectively. Points C, D, B (B is closer to the tangent line) lie on the circumference γ. Prove,
that the radius of circumference γ is the geometric mean of the radiuses of the circumferences α
and β.
Problem 14.14 Let ABC be a triangle, and draw isosceles triangles △DBC, △AEC, △ABF
external to △ABC (with BC, CA, AB as their respective bases). Prove that the lines through
A, B, C perpendicular to EF, F D, DE, respectively, are concurrent.
⋆⋆ Problem 15. ABC is a triangle, with inradius r and circumradius R. Show that:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A B B C C A 5 r
sin · sin + sin · sin + sin · sin ≤ + .
2 2 2 2 2 2 8 4·R

⋆ Problem 16. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral. Prove that the incenters of triangles
△ABC, △BCD, △CDA, △DAB form a rectangle.
⋆ Problem 17. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral. Prove that the sum of the inradii of △ABC
and △CDA equals the sum of the inradii of △BCD and △DAB.
⋆⋆ Problem 18. 15 In a triangle ABC we have AB = AC. A circle which is internally tangent
with the circumscribed circle of the triangle is also tangent to the sides AB, AC in the points P,
respectively Q. Prove that the midpoint of P Q is the center of the inscribed circle of the triangle
ABC.
⋆ Problem 19. Let O be the point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD of the quadrilat-
eral ABCD with AB = BC and CD = DA. Again, let N and K be the feet of perpendiculars
from D and B to AB and CD, respectively. Prove that the points N , O, and K are collinear.
⋆ Problem 20. In triangle ABC, let AK, BL, CM be the altitudes and H the orthocenter. Let
P be the midpoint of AH. If BH and M K meet at S, and LP and AM meet at T , show that
T S is perpendicular to BC.
⋆⋆ Problem 21. Let D, E, F be the points on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively, of △ABC. Let
P, Q, R be the second intersection of AD, BE, CF respectively, with the cricumcircle of △ABC.
Show that
AD BE CF
+ + ≥9
P D QE RF

⋆ Problem 22. Let ABC be an acute triangle, AD, BE, CZ be its altitudes and H its orthocen-
ter. Let AI, AI ′ be the internal and external bisectors of angles A. Let M, N be the midpoints
of BC, AH, respectively. Prove that
• M N is perpendicular to EZ.
14 This problem is a real gem. It has multiple solutions with unique and very,very beautiful ideas. This is

USAMO 97.
15 This is IMO 1978/4. A great problem if you want to learn some homothety. Recommended reading for

Homothety: http://www.math.ust.hk/excalibur/v9 n4.pdf

4
 • If M N cuts the segments AI, AI ′ at the points K, L, then KL = AH.

⋆⋆ Problem 23. Points D and E lie on sides AB and AC of triangle ABC such that DE ∥ BC.
Let P be an arbitrary point inside ABC. The lines P B and P C intersect DE at F and G,
respectively. If O1 is the circumcenter of P DG and O2 is the circumcenter of P F E, show that
AP ∥ O1 O2 .
⋆⋆ Problem 24. Let ABCDEF be a convex hexagon such that AB = BC, CD = DE, EF = F A.
Prove that
BC DE FA 3
+ + ≥ .
BE DA F C 2

⋆⋆ Problem 25. Nagel Point N : If the Excircles of ABC touch BC, CA, AB at D, E, F , then
the intersection point of AD, BE, CF is called the Nagel Point N . Prove that
• I, G, N are collinear. (G centroid, I incenter.)
• GN = 2 · IG.
• Speiker center S: The incircle of the medial triangle is called the Speiker circle, and it’s
center is Speiker center S. Prove that S is the midpoint of IN .

⋆ Problem 26. (a) (Archemides’ Theorem)Let M be the midpoint of the arc ACB on the
circumcircle of △ABC and let M D be the perpendicular to the longer of AC and BC (say AC).
Then D bisects the polygonal path ACB that is AD = DC + CB.
(b) Let C ′ be the midpoint of side AB. Prove that CD is parallel to the angle bisector of ∠C.
(c) In the same way define B ′ E, A′ F , and prove that C ′ E, B ′ E, A′ F are concurrent at the
incenter of △ABC.
⋆ Problem 27. If three cevians AD, BE, CF of △ABC are concurrent at P . Prove that
AD BE CF 9
+ + ≥ .
AP BP CP 2

⋆ Problem 28. Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral such that ∠DAB = ∠ABC = ∠BCD. Let
H and O denote the orthocenter and circumcenter of ABC. Prove that D, O, H are collinear.

Not so easy!!! 16

⋆ Problem 1. Let I and G be the incenter and the centroid of the given triangle ABC. Let
M, N, P be the midpoint of BC, CA, AB, respectively and let J be the incenter of triangle
M N P. Then we have: I, G, J are collinear and GI = 2 · GJ
⋆⋆ Problem 2. Let D.E, F be the feet of the angle bisectors of angles A, B, C, respectively, of
triangle ABC, and let Ka , Kb , Kc be the points of contact of the tangents to the incircle of ABC
through D, E, F (that is, the tangent lines not containing sides of the triangle).
Prove that the lines joining Ka , Kb , Kc to the midpoints of BC, CA.AB respectively, pass
through a single point on the incircle of ABC.
Problem 3. In triangle ABC, with AB > BC, BM is a median and BL an angle bisector.
The line through M parallel to AB meets BL at D and the line through L parallel to BC meets
BP at E. Prove that ED ⊥ BL.
⋆⋆ Problem 4. Let O be the circumcircle of a ∆ABC and let I be its incenter, for a point P of
the plane let f (P ) be the point obtained by reflecting P ′ by the midpoint of OI, with P ′ the
homothety of P with center O and ratio Rr with r the inradii and R the circumradii,(understand
16 Hey...Don’t panic!!! These are simply some of the coolest Olympiad problems. They are worth trying even if

you can not solve them.

5
 OP R
it by OP ′ = r ). Let A1 , B1 and C1 the midpoints of BC, AC and AB, respectively. Show that

the rays A1 f (A), B1 f (B) and C1 f (C) concur on the incircle.

⋆⋆ Problem 5. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle, and let P and Q be two points on its
side BC. Construct a point C1 in such a way that the convex quadrilateral AP BC1 is cyclic,
QC1 ∥ CA, and the points C1 and Q lie on opposite sides of the line AB. Construct a point B1
in such a way that the convex quadrilateral AP CB1 is cyclic, QB1 ∥ BA, and the points B1 and
Q lie on opposite sides of the line AC.
Prove that the points B1 , C1 , P , and Q lie on a circle.
⋆⋆⋆ Problem 6. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral, and let E and F be points on sides AD and BC,
AE
respectively, such that ED = BFF C . Ray F E meets rays BA and CD at S and T, respectively.
Prove that the circumcircles of triangles SAE, SBF, T CF, and T DE pass through a common
point.
⋆⋆⋆ Problem 7. Let ABC be an acute triangle with ω, S, and R being its incircle, circumcircle,
and circumradius, respectively. Circle ωA is tangent internally to S at A and tangent externally
to ω. Circle SA is tangent internally to S at A and tangent internally to ω. Let PA and QA
denote the centers of ωA and SA , respectively. Define points PB , QB , PC , QC analogously. Prove
that
8PA QA · PB QB · PC QC ≤ R3 ,
with equality if and only if triangle ABC is equilateral.
⋆ Problem 8. Let ABC be a triangle. A circle passing through A and B intersects segments
AC and BC at D and E, respectively. Lines AB and DE intersect at F , while lines BD and
CF intersect at M . Prove that M F = M C if and only if M B · M D = M C 2 .
⋆ Problem 9. Let ABC be an acute, scalene triangle, and let M , N , and P be the midpoints
of BC, CA, and AB, respectively. Let the perpendicular bisectors of AB and AC intersect ray
AM in points D and E respectively, and let lines BD and CE intersect in point F , inside of
triangle ABC. Prove that points A, N , F , and P all lie on one circle.
⋆⋆ Problem 10. ABCDEF is a convex hexagon with AB = BC, CD = DE,EF = F A. Prove
that
BC DE FA 3
+ + >
BE DA F C 2

⋆⋆ Problem 11. An acute triangle ABC is given. Points A1 and A2 are taken on the side BC
(with A2 between A1 and C), B1 and B2 on the side AC (with B2 between B1 and A), and C1
and C2 on the side AB (with C2 between C1 and B) so that

∠AA1 A2 = ∠AA2 A1 = ∠BB1 B2 = ∠BB2 B1 = ∠CC1 C2 = ∠CC2 C1 .

The lines AA1 , BB1 , and CC1 bound a triangle, and the lines AA2 , BB2 , and CC2 bound a
second triangle. Prove that all six vertices of these two triangles lie on a single circle.
⋆ Problem 12. The incircle k of a non-isosceles triangle ABC touches the sides AB, BC, CA at
C1 , A1 , B1 , respectively. Lines AA1 , BB1 , CC1 intersect k again at A2 , B2 , C2 , respectively. Let
A1 A3 and B1 , B3 be the bisectors of the angles in A1 B1 C1 (A3 B1 C1 , B3 A1 C1 ). Prove that:
(a) A2 A3 is a bisector of ∠B1 A2 C1 ;
(b) If the circumcircles of A1 A2 A3 and B1 B2 B3 intersect at P and Q, then the incenter I of
ABC lies on the line P Q.
⋆ Problem 13. Let ABC be a triangle, O its circumcenter, S its centroid, and H its orthocenter.
Denote by A1 , B1 and C1 the centers of the circles circumscribed about the triangles CHB, CHA
and AHB respectively.
Prove that the triangle ABC is congruent to the triangle A1 B1 C1 and that the nine-point
circle of ABC is also the nine-point circle of A1 B1 C1 .
⋆ Problem 14. Let ABC be a triangle and K and L be two points on (AB), (AC) such that

6
 BK = CL and let P = CK ∩ BL. Let the parallel through P to the interior angle bisector of
∠BAC intersect AC in M . Prove that CM = AB.
Problem 15. Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle, and let H be its orthocenter. Let D be
the foot of the altitude from B to AC, and let E be the reflection of A on D. The circumcircle
of triangle BCE intersects the median from A in an interior point F . Prove that A, D, H and
F are concyclic.
⋆ Problem 16. Let ABC be triangle with AB ̸= AC. Point E is such that AE = BE and
BE ⊥ BC. Point F is such that AF = CF and CD ⊥ BC. Let D be the point on the line BC
such that AD is tangent to the circumcircle of triangle ABC. Prove that D, E, F are collinear.
⋆ Problem 17. Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. M is the midpoint of BC and
O is the point on the line AM such that OB is perpendicular to AB. Q is an arbitrary point on
BC different from B and C. E lies on the line AB and F lies on the line AC such that E, Q, F
are distinct and collinear. Prove that OQ is perpendicular to EF if and only if QE = QF .
⋆ Problem 18. An acute-angled triangle ABC is given in the plane. The circle with diameter
AB intersects altitude CC ′ and its extension at points M and N , and the circle with diameter
AC intersects altitude BB ′ and its extensions at P and Q . Prove that the points M, N, P, Q
lie on a common circle.
⋆⋆ Problem 19. Let O and I be the circumcenter and incenter of triangle △ABC, respectively.
Let ωA be the excircle of triangle △ABC opposite to A; let it be tangent to AB, AC, BC at
K, M, N , respectively. Assume that the midpoint of segment KM lies on the circumcircle of
triangle △ABC. Prove that O, N, I are collinear.
⋆ Problem 20. Let O be the center of circle ω. Two equal chords of AB and CD of ω intersects
at L such that AL > LB, and DL > LC. Let M and N be points on AL and DL respectively
such that ∠ALC = 2∠M ON . Prove that the chord of ω passing through M and N is congruent
to AB and CD.
⋆⋆ Problem 21. Let O be the center of the excircle of △ABC opposite to A. Let M be the midpoint
of AC, and let P be the intersection of lines M O and BC. Prove that if ∠BAC = 2∠ACB,
then AB = BP .
⋆ Problem 22. 17 Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let AB ∩ CD = P 18 and AD ∩ BC = Q.
Let the tangents from Q meet the circumcircle of ABCD at E and F . Prove that P, E, F are
collinear.

IMO 2009: Why don’t we try them?

Problem 2. (Day 1 ) Let ABC be a triangle with circumcentre O. The points P and Q are
interior points of the sides CA and AB respectively. Let K, L and M be the midpoints of the
segments BP, CQ and P Q. respectively, and let Γ be the circle passing through K, L and M .
Suppose that the line P Q is tangent to the circle Γ. Prove that OP = OQ.
Problem 4. (Day 2 ) Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC . The angle bisectors of ∠CAB
and ∠ABC meet the sides BC and CA at D and E , respectively. Let K be the incentre of
triangle ADC. Suppose that ∠BEK = 45◦ . Find all possible values of ∠CAB . (Don’t forget
to check the cases, anyway.)

17 There is a very ingenious solution using Pole-Polar. For further study:http://www.math.ust.hk/excalibur/

v11 n3.pdf
18 AB ∩ CD = X means that the intersection point of AB and CD is X. This sign is very common in problem

literature.