RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

Introduction

Hello learners, how are you? Can you recall our lesson from the beginning of this quarter?
Whatever is your answer just make sure that you understand the lesson. To do well in every
lesson you need to remember and do the following:

Read and re-read. Try your best to really understand what you have read before
proceeding.
Write down notes. This well help you recall faster what you have studied.
Don’t skip. Answer all the exercises have been designed to help you fully understand the
topic.
Correct your own mistake. Should you have wrong answers in some items in the exercises,
go back to the explanation, find out your mistakes and answer them again until you get
them right.
Supplement yourself. There are numerous resources, printed and online that can help you
in finishing this module.
Keep at it. Keep in mind that success depends on how much effort you exert in learning this
topic.

Have you ever wondered what is between 1 and 2? Is there a need for us to know the values
between them? What use is there to know about these values? Don’t worry you will learn it in this
module.

In other hand the set of rational numbers will expresses to other forms and vice-versa. In
Biblical way God is Rational to his words and to everyone living in this world. Before we proceed
let us remember the verse in Romans 4:21 “Fully convinced that God was able to do what he
had promised.” We must know that God’s promises will happen in the right time.

4
Essential Questions:
As you go through this module, keep on thinking about these questions:

How do you differentiate rational numbers from irrational numbers?

How useful are irrational and irrational numbers in real life?

Verse to live by:

Romans 4:21
“Fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised.”

Core Values:

Obedience To The Law

Of God And Conviction

Lesson 4

Objectives:

In this lesson, you will

be able to:
Differentiate rational numbers from irrational numbers
Express rational numbers as fractions, to percent
Illustrate rational numbers and arrange them on a number line
Add , subtract, multiply and divide rational numbers.

Let’s start this topic by

trying to classify rational

4
Activity 1:
Go to your worksheet provided on this module and answer the activity.

You have given your initial ideas regarding rational and irrational numbers. You will now
recheck your ideas by going to the next session!

FIRM-UP
As you through
this part, keep on
thinking about
questions:

Important concept/ idea:

a
A rational number is any number that can be written in the form , where a and b are
b
integers, and where b, the integer in the denominator, is not equal to 0. The set of rational

a
numbers is represented by { b a and b are integers, b ≠ 0 }
a
A number in the form also means a÷b, where a is the numerator and b is the
b
a
denominator. Also, if a and b are both positive, is called a proper fraction if a¿ b, an improper
b
fraction if a¿ b, and a whole number if b divides exactly a.

Look at the following examples:

3 a
1) 3= = , where a =3 and b =1.
1 b

0 a
2) 0= = , where a =0 and b =1.
1 b

−1 a
3) -1 = = , where a =-1 and b =1.
1 b

−1 −1 a
4) = = , where a =-1 and b =4.
4 4 b

4
 −3 a
5) -0.3 = = , where a =-3 and b =10.
10 b

1 −13 a
6)−3 = = , where a =-13 and b =4.
4 4 b

4
The fraction , is a rational number because it is a quotient of two integers and the
5

4 a
denominator is not 0. The fraction is of the form , where a = 4 and b = 5.
5 b
The decimal 0.75 is a rational number because it can be expressed as a quotient of two

75 3
integers. That is, 0.75 = = where a = 3 and b= 4.
100 4
The repeating decimal 0.3́ (meaning 0.333…) is a rational number because it can be

1
expressed as a quotient of two integers. That is, 0.3́ = .
3

Important concept/ idea:

An Irrational number is a number which cannot be written as a quotient (or ratio)

of two integers.

Here are some examples:

Many square roots are irrational, like

√ 2 = 1.4142135623730950488016887… (and more)

√ 3 = 1.7320508075688772935274463415059… (and more)
(But not all square roots are irrational. Some are rational like √ 4 =2.)

Other irrational numbers are pi (π) = 3.141592653589793238462643383 (and more… )

Euler’s Number (e) = 2.7182818284590452353602874713527 (and more…)

Golden Ratio (φ) = 1.61803398874989484820 (and more…)

Therefore, if a number can be written as a fraction or quotient of two integers,

then it is a rational number. If it cannot be done, then it is an irrational number.

4
Now try to determine the rational and irrational numbers. Turn your page on
worksheet provided and answer the Try it #1.
Rational Numbers as
Fractions, Decimals
Converting Fractions to Decimals

To convert fractions to decimals, divide the numerator by the denominator.

10 24
__ an integer (example: =5 ,− = -3)
2 8

1 5 15
__ a terminating decimal (example: = 0.2, = 0.625, = 3.75)
5 8 4

1 11
__ a repeating non-terminating decimal (example: =0.333 … , =1.8333 … ¿
3 6

For example: Write each as a decimal.

−3 −24
a.) b.)
8 55

Solution:

a.) Find -3 ÷ 8. b.) Find 24 ÷55

0.375 0.43636
8) 3.0 55) 24.00000
- 24 - 220
60 200
-56 -165
40 350
-40 -330
0 200
-165
350
- 330
20

4
Now let us have a short
quiz to check your
understanding of the
lesson.
On your worksheet refer
in Try it #2 and answer
the column Decimal.

4
Rational Numbers Expressed as Percent
Many applications of rational numbers is in the form of percent. To express rational
numbers as percent is easy! All you need to do multiply the decimal by 100%. Take a look at these
examples.
FRACTION DECIMAL Multiplied by 100% PERCENT

1
0.2 ×100% 20%
5

2
0.666… ×100% 66.67%(rounded off)
3

5
1 1.625 ×100% 162.5%
8

Now try doing this yourself. In order to complete the table in Try it # 2 answer the
column Percent using the process above.

Great Job! Next, let’s learn how convert decimals to fractions. Proceed.

Converting Decimals to Fractions

There are two approaches that you have to learn. The first approach is for terminating
decimals, the second is for repeating non-terminating decimals.

A. Converting
Terminating Decimals
1. Rewrite the decimal as a fraction where denominator is a power of 10.
2. Reduce the fraction/simplify it.
For example:
a.) -0.125
Solution:
a.) Rewrite the decimal as a fraction which denominator is a power of 10.
−125 −125 ÷ 125 −−1
−0.125= = =
1000 1000 ÷ 125 8

4
 −1
Therefore,-0.125 = .
8

B. Converting Repeating
Nonterminating
1.) Let n be the representing decimal you are converting to a fraction.

2.) Find the repeating digit(s).

3.) Place the repeats digit(s) to the left of the decimal point.

4.) Place the repeating digit(s) to the right of decimal point.

5.) Subtract the left side of the two equations then subtract the right side of the two equations.

6.) Solve for n then reduce the lowest term.

For example:
´
Let n = 3.21

___ The repeating digits is 21.

___ 100n = 321.21

´
___ 100n = 321.21
´
- n = -3.21
99n = 318
318
n=
99 ´ = 106
Therefore, 3.21 or
106 33
= 7
33 3
33
To measure your
understanding go to
your worksheet and
END OF FIRM UP
answer Try it # 3.
You did well! In this section, you found out how to express fractions into decimals
and vice versa. You also learned where the rational numbers are on the number line.
Now, what if you were asked to operate on these rational numbers? How will you do it?

Let’s go deeper by moving on the next section.

DEEPEN
Your goal in this section is to perform operations on rational numbers. Here you
4
will find more ideas on how useful rational numbers are in real-life.
 Operations with
a c
If and are rational numbers, then:
b d

a c ad bc ad +bc a c ac
Addition + = + = Multiplication ∙ =
b d bd bd bd b d bd

a c ad bc ad−bc a c ad
Subtraction − = − = Division ÷ = (c ≠ 0)
b d bd bd bd b d bc

Addition and Subtraction of Rational Numbers

Find the value of each item.

−5 7 7 4 7 −9 −1
a.) +
8 8
b.) −
9 9 ( )( )
c.) 1 −
8 4
+
3

Solution:

a.) To add like fractions, add the numerators and write the sum over the denominator.

−5 7
+
8 8

−5+7
¿ Add the two fractions.
8

2
¿ Simplify.
8

1
¿ Express to lowest terms.
4

7 4 3
b.) − = Subtraction of like fractions
9 9 9

c.) LCM of 8, 4 and 3 = 24. INFORMATION

LCD- Least Common Denominator

7 −9 −1 7 9 −1
1 −
8 ( )( )
4
+
3
= 1 + +
8 4 3 ( ) Like fractions and similar
fractions can be used
interchangeably.

4
 15 9 −1
= + +
8 4 3 ( )
45 54 −8
= + +
24 24 24 ( )
91 19
= or 3
24 24

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

Perform the indicated operations.

1 1 3 1
a.) −5 × 4 b.) 2 ÷1
3 2 16 4

SOLUTION:

1 1 1
a.) 5 × 4 To change 5 in improper fraction multiply the denominator(3)
3 2 3

to the whole number (5) and add product to its

1 16
numerator(1)and copy the denominator. (5 = )
3 3

1
To change 4 in improper fraction multiply the denominator(2)
2

to the whole number (4) and add product to its

1 9
numerator(1)and copy the denominator. ( 4 = )
2 2

16 9
= × To multiply fraction multiply numerator(16) by the (9)
3 2

numerator and denominator(3) by the denominator(2)

16 ×9 144
= = To simplify find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) then divide.
3 ×2 6

144 ÷ 6 24
= = or 24
6÷6 1
4
 Another method of solving multiplying fraction.

16 ×9 8 ×3
= = Divide by common factor.
3 ×2 1× 1
24
= or 24 Multiply.
1

3 1
b.) 2 ÷1 Change to improper fractions. Follow the process above.
16 4

35 5 4
= ÷ To divide fraction get the reciprocal of the divisor ¿ )
16 4 5

35 4
= × Then multiply the numerator by the numerator and
16 5

denominator by the denominator.

7
= Simplify.
4
3
=1 Answer.
4

Try it #4
Perform the indicated operations. Write your answer on the worksheet provided.
2 5 3 3
1.) 2 ×1 = 2.) ÷ =
3 2 5 5

Let’s go back to the Anticipation/Reaction Guide that you have answered at the start of this topic.
Once again, determine if the given number is rational or irrational by checking the correct box.
Congratulations! You have done your activity well; If you still have doubt on
END OF DEEPEN
yourself it would be best to go over the lessons again. Read again your answers
In this
to the section,
process you learned
questions. howanything
Is there to solve rational
you need and
toirrational
change nownumbers.
that you
4 of the topic
haveNow that you
learned have a deeper
to classify understanding
rational and irrational numbers? After that, let us
remember our verse in Romans 4:21 it says “Fully convinced that God was
able to do what he had promised.” That God is rational to His words.
 MATH 7
WORKSHEET 4

Name:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1: Anticipation/Reaction Guide

Instruction: Determine if the given number is rational or irrational by checking the correct box.
Check only in the columns under “Response Before Lesson.” After you have answered all 10 items
proceed to the proper lesson. (Don’t answer “Response After Lesson yet. You will go back to that
at the latter part of the topic.
Topic: What are Rational and
Response Before Lesson Response After Lesson
Irrational Numbers?
Rational Irrational Rational Irrational
Given Number
Number Number Number Number
3
5
4

0.99999999
√3
5

Try it #1
In the box below select the given numbers and place it in the right circle.

7 √3 ´
3. 22 −2 0.45 π 0
10 3

RATIONAL IRRATIONAL

4
Try it #2
Instruction: Convert the Fractions to Decimal.
FRACTION DECIMAL PERCENT

4
5

15
3

1
9

7
2
10

5
3
6

Try it #3
Complete the table.
FRACTION DECIMAL

0.35

0.5́

Try it #4
1.) 2.)