SET A

1. If α is the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of cos " 𝑥, then 12 α is--------

Ans: 12*1/3=4 (α is 1/3)

2. If α is the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of cos " 𝑥, then 6 α is--------

Ans: 6*1/3=2 (α is 1/3)

3. If α is the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of cos " 𝑥, then 18 α is--------

Ans: 18*1/3=6 (α is 1/3)

4. If α is the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of cos " 𝑥, then 21 α is--------

Ans: 21*1/3=7 (α is 1/3)

5. If α is the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of cos " 𝑥, then 24 α is--------

Ans: 24*1/3=8 (α is 1/3)

SET B
# ! $%('())
1. If the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of )
is β, then 40 β is

Ans: 40*3/40=3 (β is 3/40)

# ! $%('())
2. If the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of )
is β, then 80 β is

Ans: 80*3/40=6 (β is 3/40)

# ! $%('())
3. If the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of )
is β, then 120 β is

Ans: 120*3/40=9 (β is 3/40)

# ! $%('())
4. If the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of )
is β, then 40 β is

Ans: 200*3/40=15 (β is 3/40)

# ! $%('())
5. If the coefficient of 𝑥 ! in the Maclaurin series of )
is β, then 160 β is

Ans: 160*3/40=12 (β is 3/40)

"! "" "# "! "" "#

1. cos ! 𝑥 = (1 − !! + $! − %! + ⋯ )(1 − !! + $! − %! + ⋯ )
𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥% 𝑥! 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥%
= ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1 − ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1
2! 4! 6! 2! 2! 4! 6!
$ ! $ %
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥% 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥%
+ ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1 − ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1
4! 2! 4! 6! 6! 2! 4! 6!
+⋯
 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥% 𝑥! 𝑥! 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥! 𝑥% 𝑥!
= ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1 − , − + − +⋯1
2! 4! 6! 2! 2! 2! 4! 2! 6! 2!
𝑥$ 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥$ 𝑥$ 𝑥% 𝑥$ 𝑥% 𝑥! 𝑥% 𝑥$ 𝑥%
+, − + − + ⋯1 − ( − +
4! 2! 4! 4! 4! 6! 4! 6! 2! 6! 4! 6!
𝑥% 𝑥%
− + ⋯)
6! 6!
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1 − 𝑥! + 𝑥$ 2 + + 4 − 𝑥% 2 + + + 4
4! 2! 2! 4! 6! 4! 2! 2! 4! 6!
1 1 1 1 1
+ 𝑥& 2 + + + + 4…
8! 6! 2! 4! 4! 2! 6! 8!
"! "" "# "! "" "#
2. sin! 𝑥 = 1 − cos ! 𝑥 = 1 − 91 − !! + $! − %! + ⋯ : 91 − !! + $! − %! + ⋯ : =
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
𝑥 ! − 𝑥 $ 9$! + !!!! + $!: + 𝑥 % 9%! + $!!! + !!$! + %!: − 𝑥 & 9&! + %!!! + $!$! + !!%! +
'
:…
&!
"$ "% "& "! "" "#
3. sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 2 9𝑥 − )! + *! − +! + ⋯ : 91 − !! + $! − %! + ⋯ :
𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥% 𝑥) 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥%
= 2 ;𝑥 ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1 − ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1
2! 4! 6! 3! 2! 4! 6!
* ! $ %
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+ 𝑥! 𝑥$ 𝑥%
+ ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1 − ,1 − + − + ⋯ 1
5! 2! 4! 6! 7! 2! 4! 6!

+⋯?
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 ) 2 + 4 + 2𝑥 * 2 + + 4 − 2𝑥 + 2 + + + 4
2! 3! 4! 3! 2! 5! 6! 4! 3! 5! 2! 7!
+⋯
"! "$ "! "$ ""
4. 𝑒 " ln(1 + 𝑥 ) = 91 + 𝑥 + !! + )! + ⋯ : 9𝑥 − ! + ) − $ + ⋯ :
𝑥! 𝑥) 𝑥$ 𝑥! 𝑥) 𝑥$
= ;,𝑥 − + − + ⋯ 1 + 𝑥 ,𝑥 − + − + ⋯ 1
2 3 4 2 3 4
! ! ) $ )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥! 𝑥) 𝑥$
+ ,𝑥 − + − + ⋯ 1 + ,𝑥 − + − + ⋯ 1
2! 2 3 4 3! 2 3 4
$ ! ) $
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
+ ,𝑥 − + − + ⋯ 1 … ?
4! 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 𝑥 − 𝑥 ! 2 − 14 + 𝑥 ) 2 − + 4 − 𝑥 $ 2 − + − 4
2 3 2 2 4 3 4 6
1 1 1 1 1
+ 𝑥* 2 − + − + 4+⋯
5 4 6 12 24
𝑥! 𝑥) 3 *
= 𝑥 + + + 0. 𝑥 $ + 𝑥 +⋯
2 3 40
 SET – A (JK)

Question 1

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = √1 − 𝑥 2 . If
𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 √1−𝑥 2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 is_____

ANS: 1.5

Question 2

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = √2 − 𝑥 2 . If
𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 √2−𝑥 2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 is_____

ANS: 3

Question 3

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = √3 − 𝑥 2 . If
𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 √3−𝑥 2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 is_____

ANS: 4.5
Question 4

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = √4 − 𝑥 2 . If
𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 √4−𝑥 2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 is_____

ANS: 6

Question 5

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = √5 − 𝑥 2 . If
𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 √5−𝑥 2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 is_____

ANS: 7.5

Solution:

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 . If
𝑝 𝑥 𝑞 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 is_____

ANS:
𝑎
𝑥 𝑎 √𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
√2
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
𝑅 0 0 0
√2

𝑎 𝑎2 3
𝑝= and 𝑞 = 𝑎 ⇒ + 𝑎2 = 𝑎2
√2 2 2
 SET – B (JK)

Question 1

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥. If
𝑝 √𝑦 𝑞 2−𝑥
∬ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝 + 𝑞 is_____

ANS: 3

Question 2

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥. If
𝑦
𝑝 √ 𝑞 3−𝑥
2
∬ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝 + 𝑞 is_____

ANS: 4

Question 3

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥. If
𝑦
𝑝 √ 𝑞 4−𝑥
3
∬ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝 + 𝑞 is_____

ANS: 5

Question 4

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 5 − 𝑥. If

𝑝 √𝑦 𝑞 5−𝑥
2
∬ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝 + 𝑞 is_____

ANS: 6
Question 5

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 6 − 𝑥. If
𝑦
𝑝 √ 𝑞 6−𝑥
5
∬ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝 + 𝑞 is_____

ANS: 7

Solution:

Let 𝑅 be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 − 𝑥. If
𝑦
𝑝 √ 𝑞 𝑏−𝑥
𝑎
∬ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑝 0

then the value of 𝑝𝑞 is_____

ANS:
𝑦
𝑎 √ 𝑏 𝑏−𝑥
𝑎
∬ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 0 0 𝑎 0

𝑝 = 1 and 𝑞 = 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑝 + 𝑞 = 1 + 𝑏
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 Sol-B-SP

R0 e(a+1)x −ex 45
Q1. Let I(a) = x dx, where a > −1. Then log 3 × I(2) =
−∞

R0 e(a+1)x −ex
Ans: Given that I(a) = x dx.
−∞
Differentiating with respect to a and Using Leibniz rule we have

R0
I ′ (a) = e(a+1)x dx.
−∞
 0
e(a+1)x
I ′ (a) = a+1 .
−∞
1
I ′ (a) = a+1 .

Integrating both side we have

I(a) = log(1 + a) + c.

Notice that I(0) = 0.

I(0) = log(1) + c.

0 = 0 + c.

c = 0.

Therefore I(a) = log(1 + a).

45 45
log 3 × I(2) = log 3 × log(3) = 45.

R0 e(a+1)x −ex 65
Q2. Let I(a) = x dx, where a > −1. Then log 4 × I(3) =
−∞

65
Ans: I(3) = log(4). Hence log 4 × I(3) = 65.

1
 R0 e(a+1)x −ex 35
Q3. Let I(a) = x dx, where a > −1. Then log 5 × I(4) =
−∞

35
Ans: I(4) = log(5). Hence log 5 × I(4) = 35.

R0 e(a+1)x −ex 89
Q4. Let I(a) = x dx, where a > −1. Then log 6 × I(5) =
−∞

89
Ans: I(5) = log(6). Hence log 6 × I(5) = 89.

R0 e(a+1)x −ex 99
Q5. Let I(a) = x dx, where a > −1. Then log 7 × I(6) =
−∞

99
Ans: I(6) = log(7). Hence log 7 × I(6) = 99.

Sol-A-SP
π
R2 tan−1 (a tan x) 30
Q1. Let I(a) = tan x dx, where a ≥ 0. Then π log 3 × I(2) =
0

π
R2 tan−1 (a tan x)
Ans: Given that I(a) = tan x dx.
0

Differentiating with respect to a and Using Leibniz rule we have

2
 π
R2 1
I ′ (a) = 1+a2 tan2 x
dx.
0

Put z = a tan x, dz = a sec2 xdx, dx = dz

a sec2 x
= adz
a2 +z 2
.
R∞ 1 a
I ′ (a) = 1+z 2 × a2 +z 2 dz.
0
 
′ a
R∞ 1 1
I (a) = a2 −1 1+z 2
− a2 +z 2 dz.
0
π
I ′ (a) = 2(a+1) .

Integrating both side we have

π
I(a) = 2 × log(1 + a) + c.

Notice that I(0) = 0.

π
I(0) = 2 × log(1) + c.

0 = 0 + c.

c = 0.

π
Therefore I(a) = 2 × log(1 + a).

30
π log 3 × I(2) = 15

π
R2 tan−1 (a tan x) 8
Q2. Let I(a) = tan x dx, where a ≥ 0. Then π log 4 × I(3) =
0

Ans:

8
π log 4 × I(3) = 4

3
 π
R2 tan−1 (a tan x) 12
Q3. Let I(a) = tan x dx, where a ≥ 0. Then π log 5 × I(4) =
0

Ans:

12
π log 5 × I(4) = 6

π
R2 tan−1 (a tan x) 24
Q4. Let I(a) = tan x dx, where a ≥ 0. Then π log 6 × I(5) =
0

Ans:

24
π log 6 × I(5) = 12

π
R2 tan−1 (a tan x) 20
Q5. Let I(a) = tan x dx, where a ≥ 0. Then π log 7 × I(6) =
0

Ans:

20
π log 7 × I(6) = 10

4
 JK-SET-A

Question 1:

Let the function 𝑓 be defined as

𝑥 2 𝑦 sin(2𝑥 − 3𝑦)
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 .
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
𝜕 𝜕𝑓
The value of ( ) at (0, 0) is
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

ANS: 2

Question 2:

Let the function 𝑓 be defined as

𝑥 2 𝑦 sin(3𝑥 − 2𝑦)
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 .
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
𝜕 𝜕𝑓
The value of ( ) at (0, 0) is
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

ANS: 3

Question 3:

Let the function 𝑓 be defined as

𝑥 2 𝑦 sin(8𝑥 − 3𝑦)
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
𝜕 𝜕𝑓
The value of ( ) at (0, 0) is
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

ANS: 4
Question 4:

Let the function 𝑓 be defined as

𝑥 2 𝑦 sin(3𝑥 − 3𝑦)
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
𝜕 𝜕𝑓
The value of ( ) at (0, 0) is
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

ANS: 1.5

Question 5:

Let the function 𝑓 be defined as

𝑥 2 𝑦 sin(5𝑥 − 3𝑦)
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
𝜕 𝜕𝑓
The value of ( ) at (0, 0) is
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

ANS: 2.5

Solution:

Let
𝑥 2 𝑦 sin(𝑐𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦)
, (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 .
0, (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)

𝜕 𝜕𝑓
The value of ( ) at (0, 0) is
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, Δ𝑦) − 𝑓(𝑥, 0) 𝑓(𝑥, Δ𝑦) sin(c𝑥)

𝑓𝑦 (𝑥, 0) = lim = lim =
Δ𝑦→0 Δ𝑦 Δ𝑦→0 Δ𝑦 𝑝
𝑓(0, Δ𝑦) − 𝑓(0,0)
𝑓𝑦 (0, 0) = lim =0
Δ𝑦→0 Δ𝑦
𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝑓𝑦 (Δ𝑥, 0) − 𝑓𝑦 (0, 0) sin 𝑐Δ𝑥 𝑐
( ) = lim = lim =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 Δ𝑥→0 Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥→0 𝑝 Δ𝑥 𝑝
 JK-SET-B

Question 1:

Let 𝑐 be a real number and the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be defined as

𝑥 4 𝑦 − 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 4
, 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 3
0, otherwise
𝜕 𝜕𝑦
The value of 𝑐, for which the mixed derivative 𝜕𝑦 (𝜕𝑥 ) at (0, 0) equals −1, is_____

ANS: 𝟏

Question 2:

Let 𝑐 be a real number and the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be defined as

𝑥 4 𝑦 − 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 4
, 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 3 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 3
0, otherwise
𝜕 𝜕𝑦
The value of 𝑐, for which the mixed derivative ( ) at (0, 0) equals −1, is_____
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

ANS: 𝟐

Question 3:

Let 𝑐 be a real number and the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be defined as

𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 4
, 3𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 3𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3
0, otherwise
𝜕 𝜕𝑦
The value of 𝑐, for which the mixed derivative 𝜕𝑦 (𝜕𝑥 ) at (0, 0) equals −3, is_____

ANS: 𝟑

Question 4:

Let 𝑐 be a real number and the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be defined as

𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 4
, 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 3 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 3
0, otherwise
𝜕 𝜕𝑦
The value of 𝑐, for which the mixed derivative 𝜕𝑦 (𝜕𝑥 ) at (0, 0) equals −2, is_____

ANS: 𝟒
Question 5:

Let 𝑐 be a real number and the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be defined as

𝑥 3 𝑦 − 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 4
, 4𝑥 3 + 5𝑦 3 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 4𝑥 3 + 5𝑦 3
0, otherwise
𝜕 𝜕𝑦
The value of 𝑐, for which the mixed derivative 𝜕𝑦 (𝜕𝑥 ) at (0, 0) equals −1, is_____

ANS: 𝟓

SOLUTION:

Let 𝑐 be a real number and the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) be defined as

𝑥 𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑐 𝑥𝑦 4
, 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑦 3 ≠ 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = { 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑦 3 , 𝑛≥1
0, otherwise
𝜕 𝜕𝑦
The value of 𝑐, for which the mixed derivative 𝜕𝑦 (𝜕𝑥 ) equals −𝑚, is_____

ANS: 1

Solution:
𝑓(Δ𝑥, 𝑦) − 𝑓(0, 𝑦) 𝑓(Δ𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑐𝑦
𝑓𝑥 (0, 𝑦) = lim = lim =−
Δ𝑥→0 Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥→0 Δ𝑥 𝑞
𝑓(Δ𝑥, 0) − 𝑓(0,0)
𝑓𝑥 (0, 0) = lim =0
Δ𝑥→0 Δ𝑥
𝜕 𝜕𝑓 𝑓𝑥 (0, Δ𝑦) − 𝑓𝑥 (0, 0) 𝑐Δ𝑦 𝑐
( ) = lim = lim − = − = −𝑚 ⇒ 𝑐 = 𝑚𝑞
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 Δ𝑦→0 Δ𝑦 Δ𝑥→0 𝑞Δ𝑦 𝑞
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