Ideal Gas and Conservation of Energy

2-1 Perfect Gas

- Ideal Gas is ideal only in the sense that it conforms

- Perfect Gas is a theoretical ideal gas which strictly

- The temperature of a given quantity of a gas

1 C
Vᾁ P
or V= P

PV= C or P1V1 = P2V2

- If temperature on a particle quality of gas is held

V ᾁ T or V= CT

V V V
C= or
1 2
=
T T1 T2
Modified Charles Law or Gay-Lussac Law
P1 P2
=
T1 T2
COMBINING LAW “ GENERAL LAW ”

PV PV
= = C , a constant
1 1 2 2

T1 T2
Where ;
PV
T = mR P = absolute pressure
V = volume
PV = mRT v = specific volume
T = absolute Temperature
( unit mass ) R = specific gas constant
 CONSTANTS OF IDEAL GAS
KJ BTU
Ŕ = 8.314mol − ̊ K Ŕ = 1.986mol − ̊ R
ft − lbf L − lbf
= 1545 = 0.0821
mol − ̊ R mol − ̊ R
Cal
Where ;
= 1.986
gmol − ̊ K
Ŕ = universal gas constant
n = number of moles
Ŕ
R = gas constant
M = molecular weight
R= ( for any gas )
M
kg lb gm
= (mole , mole , mole )
 CONSTANTS OF IDEAL GAS
KJ KJ
R02 = 0.2598 Kg − ̊ K Rair = 0.287 Kg − ̊ K
ft − lb ft − lb
= 48.28 = 53.34
lb − ̊ R lb − ̊ K
BTU
RHe = 0.4968 lb − ̊ R
Ex. Gas constant of Oxygen
KJ
Ŕ 8.314
R= ( for oxygen ) R= mol − ̊ K
kg
M 32
mol

MW of oxygen = 32
KJ
= 0. 2598
Kg − ̊ K
 P V m R T

lb ft − lb
English Units ft 3 lbm ̊R
ft 3 lbm − ̊ R

N N−m
SI Units m 3
Kg ̊K
m2 lKg− ̊ K
PROBLEM -1
A 75 L container is filled with 1 Kg of air at a temperature of 27 ̊ C.
What is the pressure in the container?
Given:
m = 1 Kg T = 25 ̊ C V = 75 L
Solution:

PV = mRT
J ) ( 27+273 ) ̊
1 Kg ( 287 K
mRT Kg −̊ K
P= V = 1 m3
75 L ( )
1000 L
J N−m
P = 1,148,000 m3 or 1,148,000 m3

N
P = 1,148,000 or 1. 148 MPa
m2
 PROBLEM -2
Kg
A STP the Density of chlorine is 3.22 m3 . What is the weight of this
gas contained in a flask of 100 cubic centimeters at 24 ̊ C and 100
Kpa?
Given:
@ STP ( T= 273 ̊ K P = 101.325 KPa
Solution:
When contained in a flask 100 cm3 at 24 ̊ C at 100 Kpa
PV = mRT
KN 1 m3
m
ρ = V = RT
P PV 101.325 ( m2 )( 100 cm )(100cm3 )
3
m = RT =
0.1153 KN − m( 24+273 ) K
P Kg −̊ K
3.22 = RT
101.325
3.22 = R( 273 ) m = 0.000295 Kg or 0.292 g
101.325
R=
(3.22)(273)
KJ
R = 0.1153
Kg −̊ K
2-2 Quiz

Send your answer to merlincapistrano@gmail.com

Law states that mass is indestructible.

·V = A 𝑣
section is given by the formula
Where ;
·
·
V = volume flow rate

·= =
A = area of the stream
V A
m v
𝑣
v
𝑣
= A𝑣ρ ·
m
= average speed
= mass flow rate
· = AV𝑣
m 1

1
1
=
A2 𝑣2
V2

A1 𝑣 1 ρ1 = A2 𝑣 2 ρ2
 PROBLEM -1
Two gaseous streams enter a combining tube and leave as a single mixtures.
These data apply at the entrance section:
Given:
For one gas, For other gas,
2 2 ft
A1 = 75 in A2 = 50 in 𝑣 3 = 350 s

𝑣 1= 500
ft
s
m2 = 16.67
lb
s
·=7
V3
ft3
lb

·
v1 = 10
ft3
lb
lb
ρ2 = 0.12 3
ft

m1

m3
:
m2
 PROBLEM -1(CONT..)
Find:
a) The speed 𝑣2 at section 2 and
The flow and area at the exit section.

·
b)

m = A𝑣ρ

𝑣2 =
·m =
16.67 lbs
A2ρ2 2
50 in (
1ft2
2 )( 0.12 ftlb3 )
12in
:
ft
𝑣2 = 400
𝑠
 PROBLEM -1(CONT..)
Find:
a) The speed Type equation here.
The flow and area at the exit section.

·
b)

A𝑣
m = ·V

·= =
1ft2 ft
A1𝑣1
2
75 in ( 2 ) ( 500 ) s
m 1
V1
12in
ft3
10

· = 26.04
lb
lb
m
: 1
𝑠

m·3 = m·1 + m·2 lb

m3V3 42.71 (7 )
A3 =
v3
= 𝑠
ft
lb
= 0.8542 ft 2
350 s
2-4 Midterm

Send your answer to merlincapistrano@gmail.com