MICRO-LINK INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS COLLEGE

FRESHMAN (FIRST YEAR) STUDENTS

FINAL EXAM FOR LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

Course code: PHIL-1011 Total Marks: 50

Academic Year: 2019/2020 Time allowed: 2:30
Exam Date: Semester: II
Program: Undergraduate Degree Batch: 1st year

Full Name __________________________ ID. No. __________________

Department _____________________ Section_______________________
Admission: Extension

General Instructions
 Write your answers on the answer sheet provided
 Write your specific department, section and admission properly
 Be sure that your exam booklet contains 5 parts and 7 pages
 Read each instruction carefully
 Mobile phone should be turned-off
 Any type of cheating will invalid your result

DON’T MAKE ANY MARK/DOT/ENCIRCLE ON ANY TERM IN THE QUESTION PAPER.

1
Part I: Write “True” If the Statement is correct or “False” If the Statement is Incorrect (0.5 point each)

1. The aim of critical thinking is to arrive at well-reasoned, considered, and justifiable conclusions.
2. Definition by genus and difference may be used to produce stipulative, lexical, precising, theoretical,
and persuasive definitions.
3. The acceptability principle requires that one who presents an argument for or against a position should
provide reasons that are likely to be accepted by skepts person.
4. If an arguer cites a statement by a qualified expert in support of a conclusion and the statement reflect
the strong bias of its author, then the arguer commits argumentum ad verecundiam fallacy.
5. If you can‟t prove that Teka had an affair with Tsedey, then he‟s been faithful to his wife is an example
of false dichotomy.
6. On suspension of judgment the arguer should be given the benefit of any doubt in the reformulation
and/or, when possible, given the opportunity to amend it.

Part II: Choose the best Answer from the Given Alternatives and Put Your Answer on the Answer
Sheet (1 point)

1. Unicorn; unicorn with blue eyes; unicorn with blue eyes and green horn; unicorn with blue eyes, green
horn, and a weight of over 400 pounds. One of the following statements is true about the given
statement?
A. The series does not exhibits the order of increasing intension
B. Each term in this series has empty extension
C. The extension increases with each successive term
D. It does exhibit the order of decreasing extension.
2. Which one of the following wrongly matched?
A. Truth-conditional theories-an expression may be true or false.
B. Pragmatist theories- a sentence is determined by the consequences of its application?
C. Idea theories- meanings are purely mental contents provoked by signs
D. Verificationist theories- meaning to be equivalent to things in the world that actually connected
to signs.
3. After completing his course, Mr. X has said to his students the following. “I am happy to be here in
front you and teach you logic course. We were acting not as a teacher and student but as best friends.
You were the best students in my carrier and I am proud of you. You are so special and astounding.
Thus, I am confident that you will afford me good evaluation mark. This expression can be considered
as best example of:
A. Appeal to people, indirect approach C. Appeal to pity
B. Appeal to people, direct approach D. Fallacy of Accident
4. Suppose that somebody has asked you about the meaning of the term “Sun”. And then you define the
term by pointing at the sun. The type of definition you are you giving is:
A. Synonymous C. Lexical
B. Definition by genus and difference D. Demonstrative

2
 5. Either I keep smoking, or I will get fat. I don’t want to get fat, so I better keep smoking. This expression
can be best example of the fallacy of:
A. Equivocation C. Missing the Point
B. False Cause Fallacy D. False Dichotomy
6. Of the following type of fallacies the conclusion is irrelevant to the premises from which it drawn,
except one?
A. Hasty generalization C. Missing the point
B. Ad hominem abusive D. Red herring
7. „Affirmative action‟ means a practical conspiracy used to provide legitimate ground for the emergence
of women dominance over male. This definition refers to:
A. Persuasive. C. Stipulative
B. Definition by subclass D. Operational
8. Which one of the following is odd?
A. Missing the Point C. Weak Analogy
B. Hasty Generalization D. Slippery Slope
9. Africa is a poor continent. Therefore, all peoples of Africa are poor. The fallacy committed in this
argument is:
A. False Dichotomy C. Straw Man Fallacy
B. Fallacy of Division D. Fallacy of Composition
10. The logic of lost pen.
“If you lost your pen, you will not write. If you don’t write, you will not study. If you don’t study, you
will fail on exam. If you fail on exam, you will not pass to the next class. If you don’t pass to the next
class, you will not graduate. If you don’t graduate, you will not get a job. If you don’t get a job, you
will not acquire salary. If you don’t acquire salary, you will not eat. If you don’t eat, you will be sick.
If you are sick, you will die. Therefore, never lose your pen.” Which one is true about this
paragraph?
A. The paragraph is fallacious, no cousa pro cousa.
B. The paragraph is fallacious, Slippery Slope.
C. The paragraph is fallacious, Missing the Point.
D. The paragraph is fallacious, Red Herring Fallacy.
11. Which one of the following is incorrect about fallacy of relevance?
A. Arguer evokes psychologically relevant premises
B. Connection between premises and conclusion is emotional
C. The premise(s) has a seeming character in support of the conclusion
D. The premises provide genuine evidence in support of the conclusion
12. Which one of the following is/are incorrect about the characteristics of critical thinkers?
A. They are skilled at understanding, analyzing, and evaluating arguments and viewpoints whereas
B. They think independently and are not afraid to disagree with group opinion.
C. They base their beliefs on facts and evidence rather than on personal preferences.
D. They tend to engage in group thinking following the beliefs and values of the crowd.

3
 13. At this time, Nile River is becoming a bone of contention between Ethiopia and Egypt. Taking in to
consideration this reality the following expression can be possibly drawn.
Ethiopian Government: “Since the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam will not bring significant harm
to the lower riparian countries of the Nile River, we will keep on constructing the dam.”
Egyptian Government: “You better stop construction of the Dam because we don’t want to lose a
drop of Nile water. If you don’t stop construction of the dam, we Egyptians will not hesitate to take
military action to destroy the dam.” Which one of the following is correct about the claim of the
Egyptian government?
A. The premises drown by the Egyptian government genuinely support to the conclusion it draws.
B. The Egyptian government is committing the fallacy of appeal to force/Ad Hominem Abusive.
C. The Egyptian government is committing the fallacy of appeal to force/circumstance
D. B and C
14. Which one of the following is odd from the given alternatives?
A. The Burden of Proof Principle C. The Truth Seeking Principle
B. The Fallibility Principle D. The Rebuttal Principle
15. “Ethiopia has diverted/redirected the Nile River 500 meters from its natural channel to construct the
Grand Renaissance Dam. Therefore, there is no problem in redirecting the blood channels of a person
from their natural position.” This paragraph commits:
A. Fallacy of Equivocation C. Weak analogy
B. Fallacy of Amphiboly D. Missing the point fallacy
16. Which one of the following is incorrect about straw man and red herring fallacies?
A. Both have the effect of drawing the reader/listener off the track.
B. In the letter draws one from new premises obtained by changing the subject.
C. In the letter it draws a conclusion from new premises that are obtained by distorting an earlier
argument
D. All except “A” are possible answers
17. Which one of the following is false about Appeal to Ignorance:
A. The premises presume what they purport to prove.
B. A statement is true (or may be reasonably true) simply because it has not been proven false.
C. That a statement is false (or may be reasonably believed false) simply because it has not been
proven true.
D. This fallacy usually involves something that is incapable of being proved.
18. Colonel Abiy Ahimed argued that the same medical tablets may differ slightly in composition during
production but this has no problematic effect on the patient. Based on Abiy’s authority the argument is
right.
A. No fallacy committed C. Appeal to Unqualified Authority
B. The Fallacy of Suppressed Evidence D. The Fallacy of Converse Accident
19. Which one of the following is true about Formal Fallacies?
A. It can be detected through inspection of the structure of an argument.
B. Arguments that aren‟t deductively valid are said to commit a formal fallacy.
C. Caused due to improper arrangement of terms or statements
D. All of the above

4
 20. “Please policeman! If I lose my license I will lose my job. Who will pay for Mama’s surgery? So, give
me back my license.” What type of fallacy is committed in this expression?
A. It is not fallacious C. Appeal to Unqualified Authority
B. Appeal to Snobbery D. Appeal to Pity
21. “Cutting people is a crime. Surgeons cut people. Therefore, surgeons are criminals.” What type of
fallacy is committed in this argument?
A. Fallacy of Accident C. The Fallacy of Weak Analogy
B. The Fallacy of Suppressed Evidence D. The Fallacy of Converse Accident
22. “Most experts of Federalism around the world agreed that federalism is vital for countries with large
territory and diversified population. Therefore, based on this view, federalism is good for Ethiopia.”
What type of fallacy is committed in this argument?
A. Fallacy of Relevance C. Appeal to unqualified authority
B. Converse accident D. No fallacy is committed
23. Every sentence in this paragraph is well written. Therefore, the paragraph is well written. The fallacy
committed in this paragraph is _________
A. Hasty generalization C. Division
B. Accident D. Composition
24. Micro-link university student dean has presented us with an argument favoring alcohol privileges on
campus. What do the students want? Is it their intention to stay excessively drunker from the day they
enter as freshmen till the day they graduate? Do they expect us to open a bar for them? Or maybe a
chain of bars all over campus? Such a proposal is ridiculous! The fallacy committed in this
paragraph is ____
A. The Fallacy of Missing the point C. Oversimplified Cause Fallacy
B. The Fallacy of Slippery Slope D. Straw Man Fallacy
25. Students at micro-link, X department are not good this semester. They neither study hard nor attend the
class. Do you know? This semester about majority of them scored below pass mark. What a shame!
Now what only we have to do is obvious. We must close down the department. The fallacy committed
in this paragraph is:
A. Suppressed Evidence C. Oversimplified Cause
B. Missing the Point D. A & C
26. Whenever I wear green socks my logic grade goes up. That is why I save my green socks to wear only
on the days of the test. This is best example of:
A. The Tu Quoque Fallacy C. No cousa pro cousa
B. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc Fallacy D. The Fallacy of Oversimplified Cause
27. I am not the only person who cheats income tax. Aweke has cheated on his income tax. Abel has also
cheated on his income tax. And, I have heard so did Birhane. Therefore, there is nothing wrong in
cheating my income tax. This is a:
A. Fallacy of Weak analogy C. Fallacy of False Dichotomy
B. Fallacy of Hasty generalization D. Tu Quoque Fallacy
28. Which one of the following is incorrect about fallacies of weak induction?
A. Usually occur in inductive arguments
B. Like the fallacies of relevance, it often involve emotional grounds for believing the conclusion
C. Evidence is not nearly good enough to cause a reasonable person to believe the conclusion
D. None of the above

5
 29. Either Ethiopia must make an extensive and intensive oil exploration or Ethiopia will remain poor
forever. It is obvious that Ethiopia do not want to remain poor. Thus, Ethiopia must make an extensive
and intensive oil exploration. What kind of fallacy is committed?
A. Appeal to unqualified authority C. False dichotomy
B. Red herring D. Suppressed evidence
30. Abebe told me that he always quarrels with his father when he is drunk. Therefore, Abebe's father
quarrels whenever he drinks. This argument commits a fallacy of:
A. Amphiboly C. Appeal to people
B. Red herring D. Equivocation

PART III: Put the following sequences of terms in the order of increasing Extension:
A. Parallelogram, polygon, square, rectangle, quadrilateral
____________________________________________________________________________
B. Doctor of medicine, person, brain surgeon, professional person, surgeon
____________________________________________________________________________
C. Italian sports car, car, vehicle, Maserati, sports car
____________________________________________________________________________

Answer sheet

Name__________________________ID.No.__________________Department_________ Section______

TRUE OR FALSE TEMS MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS

No Answer No Answer No Answer
1 1 11 21 28
2 2 12 22 29
3 3 13 23 30
4 4 14 24
5 5 15 25
6 6 16 26
7 17 27

PART III: sequences of terms in the order of increasing Extension

A. ____________________________________________________________________

B. ____________________________________________________________________

C. ____________________________________________________________________