Chapter 11

Displacement Method of Analysis

Slope Deflection Method
 Displacement Method of Analysis
• Two main methods of analyzing indeterminate structure
– Force method
• The method of consistent deformations & the equation of three
moment
• The primary unknowns are forces or moments

– Displacement method
• The slope-deflection method & the moment distribution method
• The primary unknown is displacements (rotation & deflection)
• It is particularly useful for the analysis of highly statically indeterminate
structures
• Easily programmed on a computer & used to analyze a wide range of
indeterminate structures
 Displacement Method of Analysis
• Degree of Freedom
– The number of possible joint rotations & independent joint
translations in a structure is called the degree of freedom of the
structure

– In three dimensions each node on a frame can have at most three

linear displacements & three rotational displacements.

– In two dimension each node can have at most two linear

displacements & one rotational displacement.

DOF = n J– R
- n number of possible joint’s movements
- J number of joints
- R number of restrained movements
Displacement Method of Analysis
• Degree of Freedom
DOF = n J– R
- n number of possible joint’s movements
- n = 2 for two dimensional truss structures
- n = 3 for three dimensional truss structures
- n= 3 for two dimensional frame structures
- n= 6 for three dimensional frame structures
- J number of joints
- R number of restrained movements
• Neglecting Axial deformation
DOF = n J– R – m
- m number of members
Displacement Method of Analysis
Slope-Deflection Equations
Derivation •
 Slope-Deflection Equations
• Angular Displacement at A, A

 1  M AB   L  1  M BA   2 L
 M A'  0   2  EI  L  3   2  EI  L  3  0
       
 1  M BA   L  1  M AB   2 L
 M B'  0   2  EI  L  3   2  EI  L  3   A L  0
       
4 EI 2 EI
M AB  A & M BA  A
L L
 Slope-Deflection Equations
• Angular Displacement at B, B

4 EI
M BA  B
L
2 EI
M AB  B
L
 Slope-Deflection Equations
• Relative Linear Displacement 

1  M   2L  1  M  L
 M B '  0.  2  EI L     L     0.
    3  2  EI  3

6 EI
M AB  M BA  M  2

L
 Slope-Deflection Equations
• Fixed-End Moment

F y  0.  1  PL  

1  M  
 L   0.
 2  EI  
L 2  2  EI
       

Fixed-End moment
FEM PL
M
8
Slope-Deflection Equations

M AB  ( FEM ) AB
M BA  ( FEM ) BA
Slope-Deflection Equations
Fixed-End Moment
 Slope-Deflection Equations
• Slope-deflection equations
– The resultant moment (adding all equations together)
 I    
M AB  2E    2 A   B  3     (FEM ) AB
 L   L 
I    
M BA  2E   B
2   A  3     (FEM ) BA
L   L 

• Lets represent the member stiffness as k = I/L &

• The span ration due to displacement as  = /L
• Referring to one end of the span as near end (N) & the other
end as the far end (F).

– Rewrite the equations

M N  2 EK  2 N   F  3   ( FEM ) N
M F  2 EK  2 F   N  3   ( FEM ) F
 Slope-Deflection Equations
• Slope-deflection equations for pin supported End Span
– If the far end is a pin or a roller support

M N  2 EK  2 N   F  3   ( FEM )'N
0  2 EK  2 F   N  3   0

– Multiply the first equation by 2 and subtracting the second equation

from it
M N  3EK  N    ( FEM )'N
Fixed End Moment Table
Fixed End Moment Table
Fixed End Moment Table- Continue
 Summary

M N  2 EK  2 N   F  3   ( FEM ) N
M F  2 EK  2 F   N  3   ( FEM ) F

M N  3EK  N    ( FEM )'N

 Slope-Deflection Equations
– MN, MF = the internal moment in the near & far end of the
span.
• Considered positive when acting in a clockwise direction
– E, k = modulus of elasticity of material & span stiffness k = I/L
– N, F = near & far end slope of the span at the supports in
radians.
• Considered positive when acting in a clockwise direction
–  = span ration due to a linear displacement  / L.
• If the right end of a member sinks with respect the the left end the
sign is positive
 Slope-Deflection Equations
Steps to analyzing beams using this method
– Find the fixed end moments of each span (both ends left &
right)
– Apply the slope deflection equation on each span & identify
the unknowns
– Write down the joint equilibrium equations
– Solve the equilibrium equations to get the unknown rotation &
deflections
– Determine the end moments and then treat each span as
simply supported beam subjected to given load & end
moments so you can workout the reactions & draw the
bending moment & shear force diagram
 Example 1
Draw the bending moment & shear force diagram.

Fixed End Moment

4t
4 4 2t/m
FEM AB   2t .m FEM BA  2t .m
8
2  62 A I B 2I C
FEM BC   6t .m FEM CB  6t .m
12 4m 6m

Slope Deflection Equations

I 
M AB  2E    2 A   B  0  2 A 0
  M AB  0.5EI  B  2
4
I 
M BA  2E    A  2 B  0  2 A 0
  M BA  EI  B  2
4
 2I  4
 B  C 0
M BC  2E  2   C  0  6    M BC  EI  B  6
 6  3
 2I  2
M CB  2E  
 B  2 C  0   6 C 0
   M CB  EI  B  6
 6  3
Joint Equilibrium Equations
Joint B
M BA  M BC  0
4 1.7
EI  B  2  EI  B  6  0.  B 
3 EI
Substituting in slope deflection equations
1.7
M AB  0.5EI  2  1.15t .m
EI
1.7
M BA  EI  2  3.7t .m
EI
M BC  3.7t .m
4t
2 1.7
M CB  EI  6  7.1t .m 3.7
3 EI 1.15
Computing The Reactions
1.15  4  2  3.7 RA
RA   1.36t RB1
4
R B 1  4  1.36  2.64t
 2  6  3  3.7  7.1 2t/m
RB 2   5.43t 7.1
6 3.7
RC  2  6  5.43  6.57t

5.43 RB2 RC

1.36
+ +
- -
2.64
6.57

7.1
3.7
1.15
- -
-
+
1.57
+
3.79
 Example 2
• Determine the internal moments in the beam at the supports.
Fixed End Moment
60  4  22
FEM AB   26.67 kN .m
62 60kN
60  2  42 4m 30kN/m
FEM BA  2
 53.33kN .m
6
30  62 A I B I C
FEM BC   135kN .m
8 6m 6m
Slope Deflection Equations

I  1
M AB  2E    2 A   B  0  26.67 A 0
  M AB  EI  B  26.67
6 3
I  2
M BA  2E    A  2 B  0  53.33 A 0
  M BA  EI  B  53.33
6 3
I  1
M BC  3E    B  0  135 
 M BC  EI  B  135
6 2
Joint Equilibrium Equations
Joint B
M BA  M BC  0
2 1 7
EI  B  53.33  EI  B  135  0  EI  B  81.67
3 2 6
EI  B  70

Substituting in slope deflection equations

1
M AB  (70)  26.67  3.33kN .m
3
2
M BA  (70)  53.33  100kN .m
3
1
M BC  (70)  135  100kN .m
2
 Example 3
• Example 2: Determine the internal moments in the beam at the supports
– Support A; downward movement of 0.3cm & clockwise rotation of 0.001
rad. Support B; downward movement of 1.2cm. Support C downward
movement of 0.6cm. EI = 5000 t.m2
Fixed End Moment
FEM AB  FEM BA  FEM BC  FEM CB  0.
A B C
Displacements:
 A  0.001 I I
1.2  0.3 6m 6m
 AB   0.0015
600
0.6  1.2
 BC   0.001
600
Slope Deflection Equations
 2  5000 
M AB     2  0.001   B  3  0.0015
 6 
 2  5000 
M BA     2 B  0.001  3  0.0015
 6 
  3  5000 
M BC     B  0.001
 6 
Joint Equilibrium Equations

Joint B

M BA  M BC  0
7 B  0.004  0
 B  0.00057rad
Substituting in slope deflection equations

 2  5000 
M AB     2  0.001  0.00057  3  0.0015  3.22t .m
 6 
 2  5000 
M BA     2  0.00057  0.001  3  0.0015  3.93t .m
 6 
 3  5000 
M BC    0.00057  0.001  3.93t .m
 6 
 Example 1b

FEM AB  FEM BA  0.0

A  C  0.0
Slope Deflection Equations
Equilibrium Equations
Example 2b
Example 3b
Example 4
• Analysis of Frames Without Sway
– The side movement of the end of a column in a frame is called SWAY.
 Example 5
– Determine the moment at each joint of the frame. EI is constant
Fixed End Moment
FEM AB  FEM BA  0.

5  24  82
FEM BC    80kN .m
96
5  24  82
FEM CB   80kN .m
96
FEM CD  FEM DC  0.

Slope Deflection Equations

I  A= 0.
M AB  2E   0.   B  0.  0
 12 
M AB  0.1667EI B
I  A= 0.
M BA  2E    2 B  0  0.  0
 12 
M BA  0.333EI B
 I 
M BC  2E    2 B  C  0  80 M BC  0.5EI B  0.25EI C  80
8
I 
M CB  2E    2C   B  0  80 M CB  0.5EI C  0.25EI B  80
8
I  D= 0.
M CD  2E    2C  0  0.  0 M CD  0.333EI C
 12 
I  D= 0.
M DC  2E   0  C  0.  0 M DC  0.1667EI C
 12 

Joint Equilibrium Equations

Joint B
M BA  M BC  0

0.333EI B  0.5EI B  0.25EI C  80  0. 0.833EI B  0.25EI C  80

Joint C
M CB  M CD  0
0.333EI C  0.5EI C  0.25EI B  80  0. 0.833EI C  0.25EI B  80
 Two equation & two unknown
137.1
 B  C 
EI
Substituting in slope deflection equations
45.7 45.7
M AB  22.9kN .m
M BA  45.7kN .m
M BC  45.7kN .m
M CB  45.7kN .m
82.3
M CD  45.7kN .m
M DC  22.9kN .m

22.9 22.9
Example 6
 Example 6b
– Draw the bending moment diagram

Fixed End Moment 20kN 30kN

48kN/m
20  2 1 2
A
FEM AB   2
 4.44kN .m
3 I B 2I C I D
20 1 22
FEM BA  2
 8.89kN .m I 3m
3 4m
1m 2I
48  42 E
FEM BC   64kN .m
12 F
FEM CB  64kN .m
3m 4m 2m
FEM BE  FEM EB  FEM CF  FEM FC  0

M CD  30  2  60kN .m

Slope Deflection Equations

I  A= 0. 2
M AB  2E    2 A   B  0  4.44 M AB  EI  B  4.44
3 3
 I  A= 0. 4
M BA  2E    A  2 B  0  8.89 M BA  EI  B  8.89
3 3

 2I 
M BC  2E    2 B  C  0  64 M BC  2EI B  EI C  64
 4 
 2I 
M CB  2E    B  2C  0  64 M CB  EI B  2EI C  64
 4 

I  E= 0. 4
M BE  2E    2 B   E  0  0 M BE  EI  B
3 3
I  E= 0. 2
M EB  2E    2 E   B  0  0 M EB  EI  B
3 3

 2I  F= 0.
M CF  2E    2C   F  0  0 M CF  2EI C
 4 
 2I  F= 0.
M FC  2E    2 F  C  0  0 M FC  EI C
 4 
Equilibrium Equations
Joint B
M BA  M BC  M BE  0
4 4 4.67EI B  EI C  55.11
EI  B  8.89  2EI  B  EI C  64  EI  B  0
3 3
Joint C
M CB  M CF  M CD  0
EI B  2EI C  64  2EI C  60  0 EI B  4EI C  4

Two equation & two unknown

EI B  12.70 EI C  4.18

Substituting in slope deflection equations

2
M AB   12.7  4.44  4.03kN .m M BC  2 12.7  4.18  64  42.77kN .m
3
4
M BA  12.70  8.89  25.83kNm M CB  12.7  2  (4.18)  64  68.34kN .m
3
 4
M BE  12.70  16.94kN .m M CF  2EI (4.18)  8.35kN .m
3
2
M EB  12.70  8.47kN .m M FC  4.18kN .m
3
68.35
60
42.77

25.83

16.94 8.35
4.03

8.47

4.18
Slope Deflection (Frame with Sway)
• Analysis of Frames with Sway
 Example 7
– Draw the bending moment
diagram. EI constant
Fixed End Moment
As there is no span loading in any
of the member FEM for all the
members is zero
Slope Deflection Equations
 I    
M AB  2E   0.   B  3     0
 12    12  
1 1
 EI  B  EI 
6 24
 I    
M BA  2E    2 B  0.  3     0
 12    12  
1 1
 EI  B  EI 
3 24
  I   0.   4 2
M BC  2E    2 B  C  3     0  EI  B  EI C
 15    15   15 15
I  2 4
M CB  2E    2C   B  0  0  EI  B  EI C
 15  15 15
 I     2 1
M CD  2E    2C  0  3     0.  EI C  EI 
 18    18   9 54

 I     1 1
M DC  2E   0  C  3     0  EI C  EI 
 18    18   9 54

Equilibrium Equations
Joint B MB = 0
M BA  M BC  0
1 1 4 2
EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI C  0.
3 24 15 15
EI   14.4EI B  3.2EI C  0 1
Joint C MC = 0
M CB  M CD  0
 2 4 2 1
EI  B  EI C  EI C  EI   0.
15 15 9 54
EI   7.2EI B  26.4EI C  0 2
Three unknown & just two equations so we need
another equilibrium equation. Let take Fx = 0.
40  H A  H D  0.
M BA  M AB
HA  
12
M  M DC
H D   CD
18
40 18  1.5  M BA  M AB    M CD  M DC   0.
1 1 1 1 
720  1.5  EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI  
3 24 6 24 
2 1 1 1 
  EI C  EI   EI C  EI    0.
9 54 9 54 
0.162EI   0.75EI B  0.333EI C  720 3
 Now solve the three equation
 1 14.4 3.2   EI    0  EI C  136.2
 1    
7.2 26.4  EI  B    0  EI B  438.9
 
 0.162 0.75 0.333  EI C  720 
EI   6756.6

Substituting in slope deflection equations

M AB  208kN .m

M BA  135kN .m

M BC  135kN .m

M CB  95kN .m

M CD  95kN .m

M DC  110kN .m
 95
135 -
95
+ + -
135

-
208
+
110
 Example 7
– Draw the bending moment
diagram. EI constant
Fixed End Moment
FEM AB  FEM BA  0.
20 152
FEM BC   375kN .m
12
20 152
FEM CB   375kN .m
12
FEM CD  FEM DC  0.

Slope Deflection Equations

 I    
M AB  2E   0.   B  3     0
 12    12  
1 1
 EI  B  EI 
6 24
  I     1 1
M BA  2E    2 B  0.  3     0  EI  B  EI 
 12    12   3 24

 I   0.   4 2
M BC  2E    2 B  C  3     375  EI  B  EI C  375
 15    15   15 15

I  2 4
M CB  2E    2C   B  0  375  EI  B  EI C  375
 15  15 15
 I     2 1
M CD  2E    2C  0  3     0.  EI C  EI 
 18    18   9 54
 I     1 1
M DC  2E   0  C  3     0  EI C  EI 
 18    18   9 54

Equilibrium Equations
Joint B MB = 0
M BA  M BC  0
1 1 4 2
EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI C  375  0.
3 24 15 15
EI   14.4EI B  3.2EI C  9000 1
Joint C MC = 0
M CB  M CD  0
2 4 2 1
EI  B  EI C  375  EI C  EI   0.
15 15 9 54
EI   7.2EI B  26.4EI C  20250 2
Three unknown & just two equations so we need
another equilibrium equation. Let take Fx = 0.
40  H A  H D  0.
M BA  M AB
HA  
12
M  M DC
H D   CD
18
40 18  1.5  M BA  M AB    M CD  M DC   0.
1 1 1 1 
720  1.5  EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI  
3 24 6 24 
2 1 1 1 
  EI C  EI   EI C  EI    0.
9 54 9 54 
0.162EI   0.75EI B  0.333EI C  720 3
 Now solve the three equation
 1 14.4 3.2   EI    9000 
 1      R1-R2
7.2 26.4 EI  B   20250 
 
 0.162 0.75 0.333  EI C   720 
0.162R1-R3

 1 14.4 3.2   EI    9000 

 0 7.2 23.2  EI    29250  0.22R2-R3
  B   
 0 1.58 0.185   EI C   2178 

 1 14.4 3.2   EI    9000 

 0. 7.2 23.2  EI    29250  EI C 
4257
 804.7
  B   
5.29
 0. 0. 5.29   EI C   4257  EI B  1469.6
EI   9587.2
Substituting in slope deflection equations
1 1
M AB  1467.2  9587.2  155kN .m
6 24
1 1
M BA  1469.6  9587.2  90kN .m
3 24
 4 2
M BC  1469.6  (804.7)  375  90kN .m
15 15
2 4
M CB  1469.6  (804.7)  375  356kN .m
15 15

2 1
M CD  (804.7)  9587.2  356kN .m 356
9 54
1 1
M DC  (804.7)  9587.2  267 kN .m
9 54
90 -
90 - 356

155

267
Example 8
 Example 9
– Draw the bending moment diagram. EI constant

Fixed End Moment

As there is no span loading in any of the
member FEM for all the members is zero

Slope Deflection Equations

 I    
M AB  2E   0.   B  3  1    0
 5   5 
2 6
 EI  B  EI 1
5 25

 I    
M BA  2E    2 B  0  3  1    0
 5   5 
4 6
 EI  B  EI 1
5 25
  I   0  4 2
M BE  2E    2 B   E  3     0  EI  B  EI  E
 7   7  7 7
 I   0  2 4
M EB  2E    2 E   B  3     0  EI  B  EI  E
 7   7  7 7

 I     2 6
M FE  2E   0.   E  3  1    0  EI  E  EI 1
 5   5  5 25
 I     4 6
M EF  2E    2 E  0  3  1    0  EI  E  EI 1
 5   5  5 25

 I     4 2 6
M BC  2E    2 B  C  3  2    0  EI  B  EI C  EI  2
 5   5  5 5 25
 I     2 4 6
M CB  2E    2C   B  3  2    0  EI  B  EI C  EI  2
 5   5  5 5 25

 I   0  4 2
M CD  2E    2C   D  3     0  EI C  EI  D
 7   7  7 7
 I   0  2 4
M DC  2E    2 D  C  3     0  EI C  EI  D
 7   7  7 7
  I     4 2 6
M DE  2E    2 D   E  3  2    0  EI  D  EI  E  EI  2
 5   5  5 5 25
 I     2 4 6
M ED  2E    2 E   D  3  2    0  EI  D  EI  E  EI  2
 5   5  5 5 25

Equilibrium Equations
Joint B MB = 0
M BA  M BC  M BE  0
4 6 4 2 6 4 2
EI  B  EI 1  EI  B  EI C  EI  2  EI  B  EI  E  0
5 25 5 5 25 7 7
380EI B  70EI C  50EI E  42EI 1  42EI  2  0 1

Joint E ME = 0
M EB  M ED  M EF  0
2 4 2 4 6 4 6
EI  B  EI  E  EI  D  EI  E  EI  2  EI  E  EI 1  0
7 7 5 5 25 5 25
50EI B  70EI D  380EI E  42EI 1  42EI  2  0 2
Joint C MC= 0
M CB  M CD  0
2 4 6 4 2
EI  B  EI C  EI  2  EI C  EI  D  0
5 5 25 7 7
70EI B  240EI C  50EI D  42EI  2  0 3

Joint D MD = 0
M DC  M DE  0
2 4 4 2 6
EI C  EI  D  EI  D  EI  E  EI  2  0
7 7 5 5 25
50EI C  240EI D  70EI E  42EI  2  0 4
Top story FX = 0
40  H B  H E  0 HB HE
M  M BC
H B   CB
5
M  M ED
H E   DE
5
 2 4 6 4 2 6
200  EI  B  EI C  EI  2  EI  B  EI C  EI  2
5 5 25 5 5 25
4 2 6 2 4 6
 EI  D  EI  E  EI  2  EI  D  EI  E  EI  2  0
5 5 25 5 5 25
6EI B  6EI C  6EI D  6EI E  4.8EI  2  1000 5

Bottom story FX = 0

40  80  H A  H F  0
M  M AB
H A   BA
5
M  M FE
H F   EF
5
4 6 2 6
600  EI  B  EI 1  EI  B  EI 1
5 25 5 25
4 6 2 6
 EI  E  EI 1  EI  E  EI 1  0
5 25 5 25
30EI B  30EI E  24EI 1  15000 6 HA HF
 6 unknown and 6 equation
50 42 42   EI  B   0  EI B  171.79
380 70 0
 50 0 70 380 42 42   EI C   0  EI C  79.80
    
 70 240 50 0 0 42  EI  D   0  EI D  79.80
   
 0 50 240 70 0 42  EI  E   0  EI E  171.79
 6 6 6 6 0 4.8  EI 1   1000  EI 1  1054.46
    
 30 0 0 30 24 0  EI  2  15000  EI  2  837.29
Substituting in slope deflection equations
M AB  184.4kN .m M BE  147.2kN .m M FE  184.4kN .m

M BA  115.6kN .m M EB  147.2kN .m M EF  115.6kN .m

M BC  31.6kN .m M CD  68.4kN .m M DE  68.4kN .m

M CB  68.4kN .m M DC  68.4kN .m M ED  31.6kN .m

 68.4
68.4 -
- 68.4

+
68.4
+

147.2
- 115.6 -

+
31.6 115.6
31.6 -
+
+

147.2

-
+

184.4 184.4
 Example 10
– Draw the bending moment diagram. EI constant

Degree of freedom
DOF = 3x4-6-3 = 3
That means we got three unknown &
we need three equations

Before we start let us discus the relative

displacement () of each span
 CD
The relative displacement () for span AB B C
is equal AB – 0. = AB (clockwise)

The relative displacement () for span BC is

equal 0. – BC = –BC (counterclockwise) BC
60o
The relative displacement () for span CD A AB
is equal 0. – (–CD)= CD (clockwise)

Let us build a relationship between AB, BC & CD

take AB = 
BC = AB  sin30 = 0.5
CD = AB  cos30 = 0.866 D
60o 
So in the slope deflection equations we will use; B CD

 as the relative displacement of span AB.  =30o

BC
AB
–0.5 as the relative displacement of span BC. 60o
0.866 as the relative displacement of span CD.
Fixed End Moment
FEM AB  FEM BA  0.
2  42
FEM BC    2.667t .m
12
FEM CB  2.667.m
FEM CD  FEM DC  0.

Slope Deflection Equations

 I     2 2
M AB  2E   0.   B  3     0  EI  B  EI 
 3   3  3 3
 I     4 2
M BA  2E    2 B  0  3     0  EI  B  EI 
 3   3  3 3

 I   0.5   1 3
M BC  2E    2 B  C  3     2.667  EI  B  EI C  EI   2.667
 
4  4  2 16
 I   0.5   1 3
M CB  2E    B  2C  3     2.667  EI  B  EI C  EI   2.667
 4   4  2 16
  I   0.866   2 0.866
M CD  2E    2C  0  3    0  EI C  EI 
 
6  6  3 6
 I   0.866   1 0.866
M DC  2E   0  C  3    0  EI C  EI 
 6   6  3 6

Equilibrium Equations
Joint B MB = 0
M BA  M BC  0
4 2 1 3
EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI C  EI   2.667  0
3 3 2 16
112EI B  24EI C  23EI   128 1
Joint C MC = 0
M CB  M CD  0
1 3 2 0.866
EI  B  EI C  EI   2.667  EI C  EI   0
2 16 3 6
24EI B  80EI C  2.072EI   128 2
 Third Equilibrium Equations (Method 1)

 M  M BA   M DC  M CD 
M AB  M DC   AB  11    12.92 
 3   6  8.0
6.92m
8  2   0.0
8t

21M AB  22M BA  12.92M CD  11.92M DC  96  0

3.0 2.0 2.0

34.5EI B  3.1EI C  38.375EI   144 3

6.0m
3.0

6.0
 Third Equilibrium Equations (Method 2)
Third equation FX = 0 M CD
H A  H D  0 M BA
B C
From the free body diagram for column CD
M CD  M DC
HD  

2.6m
6
Free body diagram for column AB HA A 1.5m

H A  2.6   M BA  M AB  V A 1.5  0 M AB

VA D HD
Free body diagram for Beam BC
V B  4   M BC  M CB   2  4  2  0 M DC

V A V B  
 M BC  M CB   4 M BC 2t/m C
4
  M BA  M AB  1.5   M BC  M CB   B
H A      4  M CB
2.6 2.6  4  VB
 M BA  M AB   1.5   M BC  M CB   4  M CD  M DC  0.
 
2.6 2.6  4  6
 24  M BA  M AB   9  M BC  M CB   10.4  M CD  M DC   144
4 2 2 2   1
24  EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI    9  EI  B  EI C
3 3 3 3   2
3 1 3 
 EI   2.667  EI  B  EI C  EI   2.667 
16 2 16 
2 0.866 1 0.866 
10.4  EI C  EI   EI C  EI    144
3 6 3 6 
34.5EI B  3.1EI C  38.375EI   144 3

Solving the three equation

 112 24 23  EI  B   128  EI B  3.11
 24    
80 2.072   EI C    128 EI C  2.71
 
34.5 3.1 38.375  EI   144
EI   6.77
Solving the three equation

 112 24 23  EI  B   128 

 24    
80 2.072   EI C    128
 
34.5 3.1 38.375  EI   144

EI B  3.11
EI C  2.71
EI   6.77
Substituting in slope deflection equations
M AB  2.44t .m
2.78
M BA  0.36t .m

_
M BC  0.36t .m B C 2.78
0.36
M CB  2.78t .m 0.36

_
+
M CD  2.78t .m 2.44
2.8
M DC  1.88t .m
A

1.88
+
D
 Example
– Draw the bending moment diagram. EI constant

Before we start let us discus the relative

displacement () of each span
The relative displacement () for span AB BC = 1+ 2 
is equal AB – 0. = AB (clockwise) CD

B C
The relative displacement () for span BC is equal 2
(– 2) – 1 = – (1+ 2) = – BC (counterclockwise) 1
The relative displacement () for span CD
is equal 0. – (–CD)= CD (clockwise) A D
AB
Let us build a relationship between AB, BC & CD
take AB = 
CD
BC = 2(AB  cos) = 2  5/8.6 = 1.163
  2
CD = AB =  B BC

AB  1
So in the slope deflection equations we will use;

 as the relative displacement of span AB.
–1.163 as the relative displacement of span BC. 1 = 2 & CD = AB because of
 as the relative displacement of span CD. the symmetry in the geometry
Fixed End Moment
FEM AB  FEM BA  0.
4  72
FEM BC    16.33kN .m
12
FEM CB  16.33kN .m
FEM CD  FEM DC  0.

Slope Deflection Equations

 I     2 6
M AB  2E   0.   B  3    0  EI  B  EI 
 8.6   8.6  8.6 73.96
 I     4 6
M BA  2E   B2  0  3    0  EI  B  EI 
 8.6    8.6   8.6 73.96

 I   1.163   4 2 6.978
M BC  2E    2 B  C  3    16.33  EI  B  EI  C  EI   16.33
 
7  7  7 7 49
 I   1.163   2 4 6.978
M CB  2E    2C   B  3    16.33  EI   EI   EI   16.33
 7   
B C
7 7 7 49
  I     4 6
M CD  2E   C
2   0  3    0  EI C  EI 
 8.6   8.6  8.6 73.96
 I     2 6
M DC  2E   0  C  3    0  EI C  EI 
 8.6    8.6   8.6 73.96

Equilibrium Equations
Joint B MB = 0
M BA  M BC  0
4 6 4 2 6.978
EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI C  EI   16.33  0
8.6 73.96 7 7 49
103.65EI B  28.57EI C  6.13EI   1633 1
Joint C MC = 0
M CB  M CD  0
2 4 6.978 4 6
EI  B  EI C  EI   16.33  EI C  EI   0
7 7 49 8.6 73.96
28.57EI B  103.65EI C  6.13EI   1633 2
Third equation FX = 0 M BA
6HA HD  0
Free body diagram for column AB B
H A  7   M BA  M AB  V A  5  0

7m
Free body diagram for Beam BC HA A 5m
V B  7   M BC  M CB   4  7  3.5  0
M AB
V A V B 
 M BC  M CB   14 M BC 4kN/m C
7 VA
B
 M BA  M AB  5   M BC  M CB   M CB
H A      14 VB VC
7 7 7 
From the free body diagram for column CD M CD
C
H D  7   M CD  M DC  V D  5  0

7m
V C  7   M BC  M CB   4  7  3.5  0 M DC

V D V C 
 M BC  M CB   14 5m D
7 HD
VD
 H D  
 M CD  M DC   5   M BC  M CB   14
 
7 7 7 
6HA HD  0
6  49  7  M BA  M AB   5  M BC  M CB   7  M CD  M DC   5  M BC  M CB   0
7  M BA  M AB   7  M CD  M DC   10  M BC  M CB   294
 2 6 4 6   2 6
7 EI  B  EI   EI  B  EI    7  EI C  EI 
 8.6 73.96 8.6 73.96   8.6 73.96
4 6  4 2 6.978
 EI C  EI    10  EI  B  EI C  EI   16.33
8.6 73.96  7 7 49
2 4 6.978 
 EI  B  EI C  EI   16.33   294
7 7 49 
3.688EI B  3.688EI C  5.12EI   294 3
Solving the three equation
EI B  18.897
103.65 28.57 6.13  EI  B   1633 
 28.57 103.65 6.13   EI    1633 EI C  24.603
  C   
 3.688 3.688 5.12   EI    294  EI   61.532
Substituting in slope deflection equations
M AB  0.6kN .m
M BA  3.8kN .m
16.43
M BC  3.8kN .m _ 16.43
3.8
3.8
M CB  16.43kN .m
B + C
M CD  16.43kN .m 14.4

M DC  10.71kN .m
0.6
A D
10.71