Cairo University Credit Hours Programs

Faculty of Engineering Fall 2021

MTHN102 Linear Algebra

Assignment 1

(1) Prove that if A and B are nxn diagonal matrices, then AB = BA.

(2) Let
5 3 −1 8 −4 3
[
0 0 0 ] [ ]
A= 0 −2 4 ,and B= 0 2 4
0 0 3
Verify that A+B and AB are upper triangular. Find det(A), det(B), det(2B), det(AB), and det(A+B).

(3) Show that if A is an nxn matrix, then

(a) A+AT is symmetric. (b) A-AT is skew symmetric.

(4) True or False (i) If A is singular, then Ak is singular as well for any integer k > 0.
(ii) If A is nonsingular and symmetric, then Ak is nonsingular and symmetric for any integer k.

3 0 0

(5) If
(6) If
[ ]
D= 0 2 0
0 0 −4 , A=
(
1 0 1
2 −2 1
−1 3 1 ) find AD and D-1A.

2 1 2 5
−1
A =
[ ] 3 4
and B =
−1
[ 3 −2 ] , Find (AB)-1

(7) The Linear system AC x = b is such that A and C are nonsingular . Find the solution x if

3 2 2 1 2
−1
A = [ 2 −1 ]−1
, C =
1 2 [ ]
, and b=
3 [] .

A = 1 a , B = 2 4 , ( AB )−1 =
−1 3 −13
(8) Let
( )
0 1 2 3 ( ) 2 −2 8 ( )
Evaluate a, |3A|, and |(AB)T|.

(9) a) Find a pair of unequal nonzero 2x2 matrices A and B such that AB = O.
b) Find three nonzero 2x2 matrices A, B, and C such that AC = BC, while A ≠ B.

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 2 1 1
(10) Determine a scalar r such that A x = r x, where
A= [ ]
1 2
and x= []
1 .

(11) Let

3 −2 −1 2 −1
[ 2 0 −2 ] [ ]
A= −1 4 3 and B= −1 2 .
3 4
Express the columns of AB as linear combinations of the columns of A.
3

(12) Let
A=
2 −3 1
[
1 2 4 ] []
and B= 5 .
2
(a) Verify that AB=3a1+5a2+2a3, where aj is the jth column of A for j=1,2,3.
(row 1 ( A ))B

(b) Verify that

AB=
[
(row 2 ( A ))B
.
]
(13) Consider the following linear system:
2x 1 +3x 2 −3 x3 +x 4 + x5 =7
3 x1 + +2 x 3 +3x 5 =−2
2x 1 +3x 2 -4 x 4 =3
x 3 +x 4 +x 5 =5
(a) Find the coefficient matrix.
(b) Write the linear system in matrix form.
(c) Find the augmented matrix. Solve the system, if possible.

(14) Solve the linear system, with the given augmented matrix, if it is consistent.

1 1 1 0

(a)
[ 1 1 0 3
0 1 1 1 ] , (b)
(
1 0 3 6
2 1 5 10
−1 2 −4 −9 |) ( , (c)
1 0 3 1
−1 1 −2 1
2 5 11 1 |) (
, (d)
1 0 3 6
−1 1 −2 −7
2 5 11 7 |) .

(15) In the following linear systems, determine all possible values of k, if any, for which the
resulting linear system has
(a) no solution. (b)a unique solution. (c) infinitely many solutions.
Then solve the system whenever possible.
System 1: x + y + k z = 3, x + k y + z = 2 + k, k x + y + z = 4 - k.
System 2: x + 2y + z = 2, x + y + z = 2, x + y + ( k2 – 8 ) z = k.

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(16) Find the inverse, if it exists, of each of the following using elementary row operations:
1 1 1 1
1 1 2
[ ]
(a) 2 1 2
3 2 0
1 1 1
[
(b) 1 2 −1 2
1 −1 2 1
1 3 3 2
]
(17) If
−1

[ ]
A =1 1 2
1 −1 1 , find A.

(18) Which of the following homogeneous systems have a nontrivial solution?

(a) 3 x+ y+2 z=0 (c)2x− y+5 z=0

−x+ y+ z=0 3x+ 2 y−3 z=0
x+2 y+ z=0 x− y+ 4 z=0
(b) x− y+ z=0 (d )(k −1) x+2y=0
2x+ y =0 2x+(k −1) y=0
2 x−2 y+ 2 z=0 where k ∈ R
(19) Are the following statements true or false? Clarify!
i) The linear system has a unique solution only if the number of equations equals the number of
unknowns.
ii) Every linear system with the number of equations greater than the number of unknowns must
be inconsistent.
iii) The sum of any two singular matrices must be singular.
iv) The sum of any two skew-symmetric matrices must be skew-symmetric.
v) If the linear system Ax = b has an infinite number of solutions, then the corresponding
homogeneous system must have a nontrivial solution.

(20) a) Use Gauss-Jordan reduction to solve the linear system Ax + 2b = c , where

1 3 4 −2 7
(
A= 2 5 3 ,
3 4 −4 ) () ()
b = 1 , c = 10
6 2
b) For any square matrix A, classify each of the following statements as True or False, giving reasons.
(i) A + AT is a symmetric matrix.
(ii) |A + AT | = |A | + | AT |.

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H.W.NO.1: Due Week 2: Problems: (3,5,8,9,11,13,15 (system 1),17,19 and 20)