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Dairy Barn: Course No. - PFE 3.5.3 Course Name - Agriculture Structures and Environmental Control

This document discusses different types of dairy barns, including stanchion barns, loose housing barns, milking parlours, open air barns, and pen barns. Stanchion barns house and milk cows in the same building, with individual stalls. Loose housing barns allow cows to move freely within the barn. Milking parlours are rooms where cows are milked but not housed. Open air barns provide shelter but no roof, while pen barns are structures for sheltering and restricting animals.

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581 views24 pages

Dairy Barn: Course No. - PFE 3.5.3 Course Name - Agriculture Structures and Environmental Control

This document discusses different types of dairy barns, including stanchion barns, loose housing barns, milking parlours, open air barns, and pen barns. Stanchion barns house and milk cows in the same building, with individual stalls. Loose housing barns allow cows to move freely within the barn. Milking parlours are rooms where cows are milked but not housed. Open air barns provide shelter but no roof, while pen barns are structures for sheltering and restricting animals.

Uploaded by

Kamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dairy Barn

Course No. – PFE 3.5.3


Course Name – Agriculture Structures and Environmental
Control

Dr. V. K. Chandegara
Associate Professor
Processing and Food Engineering Department
. CAET, JAU, Junagadh
Types of Dairy Barns:

There are three general types of dairy barns:

1. Stanchion barn

2. Loose housing barn with milking parlour

3. The open air barn


Stanchion barn:
In this barn, the cows are housed and milked in the same
building. It is also called the general purpose barn of
the cow house system of arrangement.
Individual feeding and management of animals are
possible. For eight or more cows a two row barn with either
face in or face out arrangement may be selected.
The face out type barn is preferred for milch animals and also
whenever the barn is to be enclosed. This arrangement is
important since most of the jobs are done from the rear of the
animals, and provides easy supervision. Such barns are
commonly built 10-11 m wide, with sufficient length to
accommodate all the animals.
Stanchion barn
The manure alley can be eliminated in the face in type, since
the open space outside the barn can be used for the purpose.

This gives a saving of about 20 per cent in floor area of barn


a compared to the face out type.

Face in type barns are usually preferred for bullocks and also
for open sheds type arrangement.

The maximum length of the barn should be restricted to 40 m so


that nearly 72 cows can be housed in one barn unit.

Gutters are usually 45 cm wide and 15 cm deep.

A minimum slope of 2% should be provided so that the gutter


may drain into a manure pit outside the barn.
Face in type
Stanchion barn

Face out type


Stanchion barn
Different types of
Stanchion
Manure alley in Face in type Stanchion barn
Stanchion barn
Mangers used in barns should have widths ranging from
75 to 90 cm. The back of the manger is about 60 cm above the
floor so that cows may throw the fodder into the feed alley. The
length of the manger for individual cow is equal to the width of
the stall and may demarcated by a 12.5 cm high wall.

Feed alley 1.2 m wide is sufficient. It is the


passage between the outer wall and the manger along which a
pushcart full of silage may be moved.

The height of the walls running along the barn


length may be about 2.4 m. For gable roof, the maximum height
of the ceiling may vary between 5 and 5.5 m for a barn 10
to 11 m wide.

For adequate lighting in the barn, 0.37 sq. m of window


area per cow is desirable.
Manger Face in type
Stanchion barn
Loose housing barn:

It permits the animals to move about freely and allows simple
and economical construction of the feeding and shelter places.

The area required per cow depends upon the climate, whether
an inside or outside feeding arrangement is used, size of the
cows and average production of the herd.

A high producing cow needs more feed, more water and


also more space.

The floor space both for loafing as well as for feeding may be
required in the order of 9 to 11 sq. m per cow.

The feed manger space may be between 70 and 75 cm wide


for each cow.
Loose housing barn
Milking Parlour:
The milking parlour or milking room is room where the
cows are milked, but not housed. It is an essential part of the
loose housing barn but may also be used with a stanchion or
stall barn.
The most convenient milking room mow in common use
is known as the tandem with either single or two string
stall arrangement.
The herringbone milking parlour is also widely used.
Milking parlour in Face out type Stanchion barn
Comparison between Loose housing barn and Stanchion
barn
Sr. Particulars Loose housing barn Stall barn
No (Stanchion barn)
1 Floor area 9 – 11 m2/ cow 5.5 – 7.5 m2/ cow
2 Barn equipment Uncovered or partially Well constructed
covered Stanchions
Less equipment Water bowls
3 Cost of Cheap About 2 -2 .5 times more
construction costly.
4 Health and comfort More comfort Less comfort
No injury due to slip Injury due to slip on floor
5 Spread of disease Highly spread Controlled as individual cow
confined.
6 Fighting of animals Possible and injure to Not possible
other
7 Sanitary quality of Milking parlour Barn should be cleaned
milk produce high quality daily thus good quality milk
sanitary milk. obtained.
8 Feed consumption Higher due to more Less
appetite
Comparison between Loose housing barn and Stanchion
barn

Sr. Particulars Loose housing barn Stall barn


No (Stanchion barn)

9 Manure Thick layer Not good quality


10 Labour Less labour for More labour for cleaning
cleaning
11 Change in heard size Possible Changes the size of stall
12 Display of heard Moving Best advantage of heard
Uncontrollable display

13 Housing of young Well adapted Not economical for


stock and dry cows separate pan.
Open air barn:
It does not any cover. The cows live in fields
and they are fed and milked there.

This system is also known as the loafing


barn system and is not common on a well
established dairy.
Open air barn
Pen barn:
 Pen barns are structures for sheltering and restricting dairy
animals.

 On all dairy farms there should be additional accommodation


for calving, calf rearing and housing sick animals.

 Pen barns or isolation boxes are suitable for this purpose.

 They are either away from the main barn or they form a part of it.

 Sometimes a separate pen is provided for each bull.

 The size of the pen varies from 11 to 17 sq. m for


different needs.

 Either a square pen or a rectangular one having a


minimum width 3 m should be used.

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