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Name: Shirleen Chelangat Ruttoh. REG NO: SCT 212-0069/2018. Unit: Fundamentals of Computer Security Tech. Unit Code: BCT 2306. Assignment 1

1. The document contains an assignment with 8 questions on fundamental computer security techniques. It involves proving theorems about divisibility, implementing algorithms like modular exponentiation and the Sieve of Eratosthenes, using the Euclidean algorithm to find the greatest common divisor and solutions to linear Diophantine equations. 2. The student provides detailed answers and code snippets for each question, demonstrating their understanding of number theory concepts and ability to code algorithms in Python. 3. The questions cover topics like prime number generation, modular arithmetic, the Euclidean algorithm, and finding solutions to ax + by = c. The student shows their work to find the gcd and integer solutions requested.

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60 views

Name: Shirleen Chelangat Ruttoh. REG NO: SCT 212-0069/2018. Unit: Fundamentals of Computer Security Tech. Unit Code: BCT 2306. Assignment 1

1. The document contains an assignment with 8 questions on fundamental computer security techniques. It involves proving theorems about divisibility, implementing algorithms like modular exponentiation and the Sieve of Eratosthenes, using the Euclidean algorithm to find the greatest common divisor and solutions to linear Diophantine equations. 2. The student provides detailed answers and code snippets for each question, demonstrating their understanding of number theory concepts and ability to code algorithms in Python. 3. The questions cover topics like prime number generation, modular arithmetic, the Euclidean algorithm, and finding solutions to ax + by = c. The student shows their work to find the gcd and integer solutions requested.

Uploaded by

Amos Ondari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: SHIRLEEN CHELANGAT RUTTOH.

REG NO: SCT 212-0069/2018.


UNIT: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SECURITY TECH.
UNIT CODE: BCT 2306.
ASSIGNMENT 1.
1. Using the theorem divisibility, prove the following
a) If |b , then |bc ( 5 marks)

Since a|b, then there exists m ꞓ Z st b = am


To show that a|bc,
bc = am(c), by Associativity,
bc = am(c) = a(mc), ie bc = a(mc)
by Closure Property of Multiplication,
mc = q ꞓ Z ,
Hence bc = aq ie
a|bc

b) If |b and |c , then | (5 marks)

Since a|b, then there exists y ꞓ Z st b = ay


a|c = m , c = am
b|c , then there exists k ꞓ Z st c =bk
b = ay ….. c = bk
c = ay(k)
c = a(yk)…… yk ꞓ Z
therefore
a|c

2. Using any programming language of choice (preferably python), implement the


following algorithms
a) Modular exponentiation algorithm (10 marks)

Answer.
def ModularExponentiation(x, p, m):
X=x
P=p
Y=1

while E > 0:
if E % 2 == 0:
X = (X * X) % m
else:
Y = (X * Y) % m
E=E-1
return Y
b) The sieve of Eratosthenes (10 marks)

Answer.
def SieveOfEratosthenes(n):
prime = [True for i in range(n + 1)]
p=2
while (p * p <= n):
if (prime[p] == True):
for i in range(p * 2, n + 1, p):
prime[i] = False
p += 1
prime[0]= False
prime[1]= False
for p in range(n + 1):
if prime[p]:
print p,

3. Let m be the gcd of 117 and 299. Find m using the Euclidean algorithm (5 marks)

Answer.
299 = 117.2 + 65
117 = 65.1 + 52
65 = 52.1 + 13
52 = 13.4 + 0
Therefore the gcd of 117 and 299, m = 13

4. Write a program that implements the Euclidean Algorithm (10 marks)

Answer.
def getgcd(a, b):
x=a
y=b

while y != 0:
r=x%y
x=y
y=r

return x
a = int(input("Enter the value of a: "))
b = int(input("Enter the value of b: "))

print("GCD(", a, ",", b, ") = ", getgcd(a, b))


5. Modify the Euclidean Algorithm above such that it not only returns the gcd of a and
b but also the Bezouts coefficients x and y, such that (10 marks)

Answer.
def getgcdExtended(a, b):

if a == 0:
return b, 0, 1
gcd, x1,y1 = getgcdExtended(b % a, a)

x = y1 - (b//a) * x1
y = x1

return gcd, x, y
a = int(input("Enter the value of a: "))
b = int(input("Enter the value of b: "))

print("GCD(", a, ",", b, ") = ", getgcdExtended(a, b))

6. Find the integers p and q , solution to (5 marks)

Answer.
Find the gcd of (71 and 1002)
1002 = 71.14 + 8
71 = 8.8 + 7
8 = 7.1 + 1
7 = 1.7 + 0
GCD = 1

Bezouts coefficients
1002Pp+71q = 1 7 = 71.1 – 8.8
8 = (1002 – 14(71)) 8 = 1002.1 – 71.14
7 = (71 – 8(8))
1 = (8 – 1(7))

Backward Substitution.
1 = (8 - 1(7))
1 =1.8 + -7.1
1 = 1.8 + -1(71.1 - 8.8)
1 = 1.8 – 71.1 + 8.8
1 = 9.8 – 71.1
1 = 9(1002.1 – 71.4) -71.1
1 = 1002.9 – 71.126 - 71.1
1 = 1002.9 – 71.127
1 = 1002(9) + 71(-127)

p =9, q = -127

7. Determine whether the equation has a solution such that

If yes, find x and y. If not, explain your answer. (5 marks)

Answer.
GCD
486 = 222.2 + 42
222 = 42.5 +12
42 = 12.3 + 6
12 = 6.2 + 0
Gcd =6

Bezouts coefficients
42 = (486 –2(222)) 42 = (486.1 – 222.2)
12 = (222 – 5(42)) 12 = (222.1 – 42.5)
6 = (42 – 3(12)) 6 = (42.1 - ) 12.3)
Backward substitution.
6 = 42 – 3(12)
6 = 42.1 – 12.3
6 = 1(486.1 -222.2) – 3(222.1 – 42.5)
6 = 486.1 – 222.2 – 222.3 + 42.15
6 = 486.1 -222.5 + 15(486.1 – 222.2)
6 = 486.1 -222.5 + 486.15 – 222.30
6 = 486.16 – 222.35
6 =486(16) + 222(-35)

x = 16
y = -35

8. Determine integers x and y such that . (5 marks)

Answer.
GCD
421 = 11.38 + 3
11 = 3.3 + 2
3 = 2.1 + 1
2 = 1.2 + 0
Bezouts coefficients.
3 = 421 – 38(11) 3 = 421.1 – 11.38
2 = 11 – 3(3) 2 = 11.1 – 3.3
1 = 3 – 2(1) 1= 3.1 – 1.2

Backward substitution.
1 = 3 – 2(1)
1 = 3.1 – 1.2
1 = 3.1 – 1(11.1 -3.3)
1 = 3.1 -11.1 + 3.3
1 = 3.4 – 11.1
1 =4(421.1 – 11.38) – 11.1
1 = 421.4 – 11.152 – 11.1
1 = 421.4 – 11.153
1 = 421(4) + 11(-153)

x=4 y = -153

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