The Execution of A Hero:: Dr. Jose P. Rizal

THE EXECUTION OF A
HERO:
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Examine the execution made for Dr. Rizal.
Introduction
In 1886, Rizal published in Berlin a Tagalog novel in
the Spanish language with the title Noli Me Tangere, a
book that overflows with hatred against the mother
country. In it, he lashes at the Spaniards with the most
infamous insults, defiles the Catholic religion and
attempts to prove that the Philippine nation can never
be civilized as long as it is ruled by those whom he calls
decadent and contemptible Castilians. It goes without
saying that after the authorities received knowledge of
it, the distribution of this work in the islands was
forthwith prohibited.
The sequel to Rizal’s Noli came off the press by the
middle of September 1891, entitled El Filibusterismo. In
veneration of the three priests, he dedicated the book
to them.
However, Rizal succeeded in eluding the
government order and in distributing the book
The Trial and Martyrdom of Rizal
• November 3, 1896- Rizal arrived in Manila with the
steamer Colon.
• Rizal was brought to Fort Santiago pending the

persecution of his case.
• The Spanish authorities were very much

preoccupied with the gathering and fabrication of
evidences to be used against him.
The Preliminary Investigation
• Colonel Francisco Olive, the Judge Advocate of the Spanish military
tribunal, summoned Rizal to appear before him on November 20,
1896.
• Two kinds of evidences brought up against Rizal
Documentary
Testimonial
• The Investigation took 5 days
• After 6 days, Rafael Dominquez evaluated the case and a prima
facie case was against Rizal, for the crime of rebellion and
formation of illegal organization.
• The judge Nicolas dela Pena, gave Rizal some recommendations to
Governor Blanco
Accused be kept under the custody of law
Accused be brought to trial
Order of attachment be issued against his property
Accused be defended in court by an army officer
The Arraignment of Rizal
• On December 8, 1896, Rizal was
informed that his arraignment was set
on December 11,1896.
• Rizal pleaded not guilty to the crime

charges against him.
The Trial of Rizal
• Trial commenced on December 19, 1896 for
prosecution.
• Taviel de Andrade defended Rizal by saying

that the alleged accusations were biased.
• Rizal was found guilty beyond reasonable

doubt and to be condemned to death by a
firing squad.
Rizal’s Trial and His Alleged Guilt
Rizal was a civilian but was tried by a military tribunal
Rizal was already condemned guilty even before the trial
All allegations against Rizal were accepted by the court

but not the arguments and evidence in his favor
Rizal was not allowed to confront witness against him nor

his counsel to cross-examine them
Evidence to convict Rizal didn’t have any bearing on his

alleged commission of the complex crime of rebellion
Rizal’s Last day
• Rizal spent his last 24 hours in his death cell where
he received members of his family and writes his
letter of farewell, the first one to his "second
brother ' Ferdinand Blumentritt. He gave his sister,
Trinidad, an old petroleum lamp and whispered to
her in English that there is something inside the
lamp. Thus is Rizal's famous farewell poem “Mi
Ultimo Adios", (Last Farewell) was found.
• Rizal said to have married his Irish girlfriend

Josephine Bracken according to catholic rites in the
very last hours of his life.
The Old Lamp given to Trinidad
The Execution of Dr. Jose Rizal
• A few minutes before
seven on the morning of
December 30, Dr. Jose
Rizal walked from Fort
Santiago to Bagumbayan
Field (now the Luneta).
His arms were tied behind
his back. “His head was
erect, his conscience was
clear, and there was a
smile on his lips.” Beside
him walked Lt. Luis de
Andrade, who had
defended him in the trial,
Fathers Villaclara and
March. Before and behind
him were soldiers.
• Rizal, ready and calm, took his position
opposite his executioners. His last words
were those of Jesus Christ: “consummatum
est”,--it is finished. Then Roll of drums and
a volley of artillery accompany the firing of
the soldiers. And even at the moment of his
fall, Rizal turns his body so that he ends up
lying on his back, with his face to the sun.
The elegant Spanish ladies wave their
handkerchiefs, the Gentlemen applaud. And
while the Filipinos see the execution in
enraged silence, calls of "Viva España!"
resound thunderously.
• Rizal was secretly buried
in Paco Cemetery in
Manila with no
identification on his
grave. His sister Narcisa
toured all possible
gravesites and found
freshly turned earth at
the cemetery with
guards posted at the
gate. Assuming this
could be the most likely
spot, there never having
any ground burials, she
made a gift to the
caretaker to mark the

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THE EXECUTION OF A

• Rizal was brought to Fort Santiago pending the

• The Spanish authorities were very much

• Rizal pleaded not guilty to the crime

• Taviel de Andrade defended Rizal by saying

• Rizal was found guilty beyond reasonable

Rizal was already condemned guilty even before the trial

All allegations against Rizal were accepted by the court

Rizal was not allowed to confront witness against him nor

Evidence to convict Rizal didn’t have any bearing on his

• Rizal said to have married his Irish girlfriend

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