Juan Sumulong Campus

Mr Andro R Romano
Science Teacher
Solve measurement problems
involving conversion of units,
expression of measurements in
scientific notation. (STEM_GP12EU-Ia1)
a) identify the fundamental quantities
of physics and the unit’s physicists
use to measure them;
b) perform operations using conversion
of units.
People use units of measure so frequently in daily life. Let us review what are
the quantities and its units that we encounter every day.

Direction: Match the physical quantities in column A with its

correct units in column B.

Column A Column B
 Leaning Tower of Pisa
55.86 meters / 183.3 ft
▪ Can we measure how
beautiful the tower is?
▪ How about its height?

✓ Non-Physical
Quantity (beautiful)
✓ Physical Quantity
(height)
Experiments require measurements, and we generally use
numbers to describe the results of measurements.
• Any number that is used to describe a physical phenomenon
quantitatively is called a physical quantity.
• It expressed in terms of fundamental quantities.
Example: height, weight

Height Weight
 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEASUREMENT
❖Fundamental quantities defined by measurements and
expressed by standards.
❖Measurement is a process that uses a well-defined and
agreed upon referent to describe a standard unit.

When we measure a
quantity, we always 1 meter long
compare it with some (4.53 times)
reference standard.
Such a standard
defines a unit of the
quantity. Ferrari 458 Italia
 Kinds of Measurable Quantities

Fundamental Quantities Derived Quantities

➢ measured by direct method ➢ other physical quantities are
▪ length (m) formulated based on the
▪ mass (kg) fundamental quantities
▪ time (s) ▪ area
▪ temperature (K) ▪ volume
▪ charge (C) ▪ speed
▪ amount of substance (mol) ▪ pressure
▪ light intensity (cd) ▪ density
▪ electric current (A) ▪ specific heat
 Systems of Measurement

English/British System Metric System

➢ known as the British ➢ established by the French
Gravitational System Academy of Sciences in
➢ standard units are based on 1791
body parts ➢ decimal-based system of
▪ Inch units which was proposed in
▪ Foot France by Gabriel Mouton
▪ yard ➢ International Systems of
▪ cubit Units
▪ fathom ➢ SI (System International)
 Metric System
Measurement Unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K
Electric current ampere A
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
Charge coulomb c
PREFIXES FOR METRIC UNITS
 Unit Conversion Factor
In some cases, we are about to compare measurement with
different units. In this scenario, we need to convert units.
• For instance, time can be expressed in minutes instead of hours,
while distance can be converted from miles to kilometer, or feet
or any other measure of length. A conversion factor is necessary
to do this.
➢ Conversion factor is used to convert a quantity in one system
of units to corresponding quantity in another system of units.
 Conversion Table
METRIC to ENGLISH ENGLISH to METRIC
1cm = 0.3937 in = 0.03281 ft 1 in = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m
1m = 39.37 in = 3.281 ft = 1.094 yd 1ft = 30.5 cm = 0.305 m
1 km = 3281 ft = 0.6214 mi 1 yd = 91.4 cm = 0.914 m
1cm3 = 0.0610 in3 = 0.0000 353 ft3 1 mi = 1609 m =1.609 km
1L = 1.06 qt = 0.265 gal = 0.0353 ft3 1 qt = 946 ml = 0.946 L
1g = 0.0353 oz = 0.00220 lb 1 oz = 28350 mg = 28.35 g
1kg = 2.20 lb = 0.00110 tn 1lb = 453.6 g = 0.4536 kg
1 metric tn (103kg)= 2200 lb = 1.10 tn 1 tn =907 kg = 0.907 metric tn
 Other Conversion
Temperature: Body Surface Area:
Celsius to Kelvin
height in cm x weight in kg
K = °C + 273
BSA =
Kelvin to Celsius
3600
°C = K – 273

Fahrenheit to Celsius
°C = (°F - 32) x 5/9

Celsius to Fahrenheit
°F = (°C x 9/5) + 32
 Formula Used in Converting of Units
𝒃
𝒂 ×
𝒂
Where:
a is the initial unit; and
b is the unit that you want to convert the unit of a to
 Example 1 Execute:
Q: Convert 20 km to m
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎
1km = 1000 m
𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒎 × = 𝟐𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎
𝟏 𝒌𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎
𝟏 𝒌𝒎

Equation:
𝒃
𝒂 ×
𝒂
 Example 2 Execute:
Q: Convert 763.0 𝒎𝒊 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝟏𝒉
mi/h to m/s 𝟕𝟔𝟑. 𝟎 × × ×
𝒉 𝟏 𝒎𝒊 𝟏 𝒌𝒎 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔
1 mi = 1.609 km 𝒎
𝟏, 𝟐𝟐𝟕, 𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒎
1 km = 1000 m = = 𝟑𝟒𝟏. 𝟎 𝒔
1 h = 3600 s 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔

Equation:
𝒃
𝒂 ×
𝒂
 Activity: Challenge Yourself!
Given the conversion factors and common prefixes used with SI units, solve the following
problems.

1. A human hair is approximately 50 μm in

diameter. Express this in meters.
_____________________________________________________
1. A human hair is approximately 50 μm in diameter. Express this
in meters. _____________________________________________________

−𝟔
𝟏 𝝁𝒎 = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒎

𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎
𝟓𝟎 𝝁𝒎 × = 𝟓. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎
𝟏 𝝁𝒎
 Activity: Challenge Yourself!
Given the conversion factors and common prefixes used with SI units, solve the following
problems.

2. The distance between the sun and Earth is

about 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝒎. Express this distance with an
SI prefix Giga.
____________________________________________________
2. The distance between the sun and Earth is about 𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝒎.
Express this distance with an SI prefix Giga.
____________________________________________________
𝟗
𝐆𝒊𝒈𝒂 𝑮 = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟎
−𝟗
𝟏 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑮𝒎
−𝟗
𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 𝑮𝒎
𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 𝒎 × = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑮𝒎
𝟏𝒎
 Activity: Challenge Yourself!
Given the conversion factors and common prefixes used with SI units, solve the following
problems.

3. The bicyclist traveled 3miles. Express this

distance in kilometer.
_____________________________________________________
3. The bicyclist traveled 3miles. Express this distance in kilometer.
_____________________________________________________

𝟑 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒌𝒎
𝟏 𝒎𝒊 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝒎

𝟏. 𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝒎
𝟑 𝒎𝒊 × = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝒎
𝟏 𝒎𝒊
 Activity: Challenge Yourself!
Given the conversion factors and common prefixes used with SI units, solve the following
problems.

4. A bridge can only accommodate 3tons vehicle at a

time. If you are driving a 3500kg vehicle, is it safe for
you to cross the bridge? Prove your answer.
_____________________________________________________
4. A bridge can only accommodate 3 tons vehicle at a time. If you
are driving a 3500 kg vehicle, is it safe for you to cross the bridge?
Prove your answer. _______________________________________

𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 × = = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝟑 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 × = = 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟕 𝒌𝒈
𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎
 Activity: Challenge Yourself!
Given the conversion factors and common prefixes used with SI units, solve the following
problems.

5. You are in a textile store. The saleslady is offering two

kinds of cloth: 3yards cloth A costs 125 pesos while 5
meters of cloth B costs 200 pesos. Which will you buy?
Why? _____________________________________________________
5. You are in a textile store. The saleslady is offering two kinds of
cloth: 3 yards cloth A costs 125 pesos while 5 meters of cloth B
costs 200 pesos. Which will you buy? Why? __________
𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝑨: 𝟑 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒔 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 = 𝟏 𝒎
𝑪𝒍𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝑩: 𝟓 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒔

𝟏𝒎 𝟑𝒎
𝟑 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 × = = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟕𝟖 𝒎
𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗
𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔
𝟓 𝒎× = = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝒚𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔
𝟏𝒎 𝟏
 Activity 1: Units & Measurements (1)

For Your Reflection: (5 points each)

1) Why measurement is important in our daily life?
2) What kinds of things do you and your family measure?
 Activity 2: Units & Measurements (1)
Instruction: Perform these operations using conversion of units:

1) 𝟑. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒎 11) 11.5 m/s to km/hr

2) 𝟗. 𝟕𝟓𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒎 12) 250 Kelvin to Celsius
3) 𝟔. 𝟗𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝑮𝒎 13) 339 Kelvin to Celsius
4) 𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒎 14) 17 Celsius to Kelvin
5) 𝟑. 𝟗𝟎𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝑳 𝒕𝒐 𝑳 15) 55 Celsius to Kelvin
6) 𝟔. 𝟐 𝒎 𝒕𝒐 𝒇𝒕 16) 89.5 Fahrenheit to Celsius
7) 𝟖𝟓 𝒍𝒃𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒌𝒈 17) 383 Kelvin to Fahrenheit
8) 𝟓′ 𝟑"𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒎 18) Your BSA
9) 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝒌𝒎/𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒊/𝒉 19) 120 mg/kg/day
10) 𝟗. 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 𝒕𝒐 𝒇/𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟐 a. mg (50 kg in 1 day)
b. mg (120 lbs in 3 days)