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Lesson 6 - Variables and Its Types

This document defines and describes different types of variables that are commonly used in research studies. It discusses independent and dependent variables, continuous and discrete variables, nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio variables. It also defines other variable types like control variables, intervening variables, latent variables, and manifest variables. The document provides examples to illustrate each variable type.

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Richiel Angulo Sunga
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97 views33 pages

Lesson 6 - Variables and Its Types

This document defines and describes different types of variables that are commonly used in research studies. It discusses independent and dependent variables, continuous and discrete variables, nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio variables. It also defines other variable types like control variables, intervening variables, latent variables, and manifest variables. The document provides examples to illustrate each variable type.

Uploaded by

Richiel Angulo Sunga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABL

VARIABLES
•It is a measurable characteristics that
change in value. It may vary from one
group to another group.
•It is anything that may assume varied
numerical or categorical values.
Qualities of Variables
•EXHAUSTIVE -- Should include all possible
answerable responses. (Schooling: No
Schooling, Elementary, Middle, HS,
College)
•MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE -- No respondent
should be able to have two attributes
simultaneously (e.g. Female Male ).
Continuous Discrete

Variable that Has a limited


can take number of
infinite number distinct values

Values can be Values cannot


divided in to be divided into
fractions fractions

Types
Age, Height Sex, Blood
and Group, No. of
Temperature Children

of
VARIABL
CONTINUOUS VARIABLES

Interval Ratio
Variables Variables
INTERVAL VARIABLES
• It is a measurement where the
difference between two values does
have meaning.
• The interval between values makes
sense and can be interpreted.
RATIO VARIABLES

• Posses the properties of interval


and has a clear definition of
ZERO.
• Ex: Height, Weight, Distance
DISCRETE VARIABLES

Nominal Interval
Variables Variables
NOMINAL VARIABLES

• It is a variable with no quantitative data.


• It has two or more categories but does
not imply ordering of cases.
• Ex: eye color, business type and religion
ORDINAL VARIABLES
• It has two or more categories which can
be ranked.
• We can rank these from lowest to
highest, the spacing between the values
may not be the same.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES

• It is also called as outcome variable


• It is the result or effect of the changes
brought about by another variable
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

• Also known as cause variable


• The one responsible for the
conditions that act in something else
to bring about changes
Example
A group of students was subjected to
aroma therapy using essential oils while
reading and another group read under
normal conditions, then after a month
both groups took a reading
comprehension test .
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify which is the
independent and dependent variable,
and explain.

1. Organizational Commitment and


Teaching Performance of Elementary
Teachers in the District of Malvar,
Batangas
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify which is the
independent and dependent variable,
and explain.

2. Conceptual, Interpersonal and


Technical Skills of Bank Managers
Their Relationship to Operational
Efficiency
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify which is the
independent and dependent variable,
and explain.

3. Increasing Mathematics
Achievement Through
Contextualized and Localized
Materials
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify which is the
independent and dependent variable,
and explain.

Impact of Blended Learning on


Student Achievement in Social
Studies
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify which is the
independent and dependent variable,
and explain.

Effectiveness of Exposing
Students in Classical Music on
Reading Comprehension
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

MILITARY
TITLE
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

TEMPERATURE IN
DEGREE CELSIUS
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

BIRTHPLACE
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

YEAR LEVEL
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

FAVORITE TYPE
OF MUSIC
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

CLOTHING
BRANDS
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

A SCORE IN 5-ITEM
QUIZ IN SCIENCE
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

EMOTIONS
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATION
IN SCHOOL
ACTIVITY
Directions: Identify what type of variables
are the following.

HOW INTERNET IS
USED AT HOME
BINARY VARIABLES
Obsevations (i.e., dependent variables) that
occur in one of two possible states, often
labelled zero and one. E.g., “improved/not
improved” and “completed
task/failed to complete task.”
CONTROL VARIABLES

An extraneous variable that an investigator


does not wish to examine in a study.
Thus the investigator controls this variable.
Also called a covariate.
INTERVENING VARIABLES
A variable that explains a relation or
provides a causal link between other
vari-ables. Also called by some authors
“mediating variable” or “intermediary
vari-able.”
LATENT VARIABLES
An underlying variable that cannot be
observed. It is hypothesized to exist in
order to explain other variables, such as
specific behaviors, that can be
observed.
MANIFEST VARIABLES

An observed variable assumed to indicate


the presence of a latent variable. Also
known as an indicator variable.

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