Senior High School

General Mathematics
First Quarter – Week 1
Key Concepts of Functions

Solves Problems Involving Functions

(M11GM-Ia-4)

Writer
Arthur Evan R. Maca

Illustrator
Sergeant B. Papango

Validators
Maricel E. Añonuevo
Dr. Rommel Mar C. DeGuzman

Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM)

HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)
Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read carefully the instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the post test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)

1. Expectations- This will provide what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.

2. Pre-test – This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

3. Looking Back – This section will measure the skills that you learned understand
from the previous lesson.

4. Brief Introduction – This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

5. Activities – These are activities designed to develop your critical thinking and
other competencies that you need to master. This can be done solely or with your
partner depending on the nature of the activity.

6. Remember – This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the

lessons.

7. Checking your Understanding – This will verify how you learned from the lesson.

8. Post-test– This will measure how much you have learned from the entire SLeM.

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LESSON 1: Solves Problems Involving Functions

EXPECTATIONS: This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to

 Enumerate the steps in solving real-life problems
 Solves problems involving functions

PRE - TEST:
Directions: Read the problem carefully. Analyze and solve each question
that follows. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet.
For nos. 1-3:
Mark receives a weekly salary of Php 5500 and a 5% commission on sales.
1. Write a rule or equation to describe the function f(x) that gives weekly earnings in terms
of x pesos in sales.
A. f(x) = 5500 + 0.5x B. f(x) = 5500 - 0.5x C. f(x) = 5500 + 0.05x D. f(x) = 5500 - 0.05x

2. Find Mark’s earnings for a week with Php 25,000 total sales.
A. Php 6750 B. Php 6550 C. Php 7750 D. Php 7550

3. What is Mark’s total sale for a week in which his earnings is Php 30,000.
A. Php 590,000 B. Php 490,000 C. Php 690,000 D. Php 790,000

4. A rectangular room is 5 m long and 5 m wide. How many square meters of carpet is
needed to cover the entire floor?
A. 10 m2 B. 20 m2 C. 25 m2 D. 5 m2

5. If the perimeter of a rectangular garden is 70m and the area is 300 square meter. What
are the dimensions of the garden?
A. L=20, W=15 B. L=15, W=20 C. L = 25, W= 10 D. L = 10, W=25

Looking Back to Your Lesson

In your previous lesson you have learned about the Operation of Functions and we
shall now apply our knowledge of functions in solving real life problems.

Do you still remember the steps in solving real life

problems? Enumerate the steps in solving real life
problems.

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 Brief Introduction:
A word problem is a mathematical exercise where significant background
information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical
notation.[1] As word problems often involve a narrative of some sort, they are sometimes
referred to as story problems and may vary in the amount of technical language used.

The following steps will be helpful in solving problems involving functions.

1. Read and comprehend the problem carefully.
2. Identify the functions to be used (linear, quadratic, composite, piecewise, and many more)
in representing the given problem.
3. Write the function that describes the problem.
4. Use the function to solve the problem
5. Check the answer.

Example 1:
An employee receives a weekly salary of Php 4500 and a 6% commission on all sales.
a) Write an equation to describe the function f(p) that gives weekly earnings in terms of
p pesos in sales,
b) Find the employee’s earnings for a week with Php 30,000 total sales.
Solution
Step 1. Represent the given and unknown quantities in the problem.
Let p = be the weekly earnings
Step 2. Determine the function or equation that relates the quantities or variables in
the problem. The problem can be described best by linear function.

f(p) = 4500 + 0.06 (p) Equation of the function

Step 3. Solve the Problem. We want to know the employee’s earnings in a week with
Php 30, 000 total sales.

f(30,000) = 4500 + 0.06 (30,000) Substitute 30,000 to p in the equation

f(30,000) = 4500 + 1800 Multiply 6% to 30,000
f(30,000) = Php 6, 300
Therefore, the employee’s earning in a week is Php 6,300 for Php 30,000 total sales.

Example 2:

The area of a rectangle is 420 cm2. The length of the rectangle is one less than thrice its
width. What are the dimensions of the given rectangle?
Solution
Step 1. Represent the given and unknown quantities in the problem. Express the
width and the length of the rectangle in terms of one variable.
Let y = area of the rectangle
x = be the width
3x – 1 = length
Step 2. Use the function to relate the quantities or variables in the problem.
The area of the rectangle is given by
A = l.w where l = length and w = width
Using the representation in step 1, we have
y = x (3x – 1)
y = 3x2 – x
The function that describes the relationship is y = 3x2 – x

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Step 3. Solve the problem
The area of the rectangle is y = 420
Substitute this value in y = 3x2 – x
420 = 3x2 – x
3x – x – 420 = 0
2
by factoring method
(3x + 35) (x – 12) = 0 solve for x in both factors
3x + 35 = 0 x – 12 = 0
3x = - 35 x = 12
x= -35/3 x = 12
Step 4. Find the length and width by substituting the values of x in the representation
found in Step 1. Reject the negative value of x because the measurement of
the width cannot be negative.
If x = 12, then width is 12 and length is 3x -1 = 3(12) – 1 = 35.
Thus, the width is 12 and the length is 35 cm.

Example 3:

A rectangular field is to be fenced off along the bank of a river and no fenced is
required along the river. The material for the fence costs Php 10 per running for the ends
and Php 16 per running foot for the side parallel to the river; Php 4000 worth of fence is to
be used. Let x be the length of an end. Express the number of square feet in the area of the
field as a function of x.
Solution
Step 1. Represent the given and unknown quantities in the problem. Express the
width and the length of the rectangle in terms of one variable.
Let x be the length and y be the length of the side of the field parallel to the
river and A square feet be the area of the field. Then,
Step 2. Use the function to relate the quantities or variables in the problem.
A = x.y
Because the cost of the material for each end is Php 10 per running foot and
the length of an end is x feet, the total cost of the fence for each end is 10x
pesos. Similarly, the total cost of the fence for the third side is 16y pesos. We
have then 10x + 10x + 16y = 4000.
Step 3. Solve the problem
To express A in terms of a single variable,
15y = 4000 – 20x
y=
y = 250 - since A = x y, then
A(x) = x (250 - or 250x - .

Activities

Activity 1
A rectangular field is to be enclosed with 240 meter of fence. Let x meters be the
length of the field. Express the number of square meters in the area of the field as a function
of x.

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Activity 2
An employee receives a weekly salary of Php 2500 and a 4% commission on all sales.
a) Write an equation to describe the function f(p) that gives weekly earnings in terms of
p pesos in sales,
b) Find the employee’s earnings for a week with Php 20,000 total sales.
c) What were the employee’s total sales for a week in which his earnings were
Php 50,000.

Remember

In dealing with real life problems, it is best to:

1. Read and comprehend the problem carefully.
2. Identify the functions to be used (linear, quadratic, composite, piecewise, and many more)
in representing the given problem.
3. Write the function that describes the problem.
4. Use the function to solve the problem
5. Check the answer.
So that the problem can be represented correctly with the use of functions.

Check Your Understanding

A carpenter can construct bookcases at a cost of Php 600 each. If the carpenter
sells the bookcase for x pesos each, it is estimated that 3,200 – 2x bookcases will be sold
per month.
a. Express the number of pesos in the carpenter’s monthly profit as a function of x.
b. Use the result of part (a) to determine the monthly profit, given that the selling price is
Php 1,300 bookcase.

Post – test
Directions: Read the problem carefully. Analyze and solve each question that
follows. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet.
For nos. 1-3:
Eric receives a weekly salary of Php 6000 and a 7% commission on sales.
1. Write a rule or equation to describe the function f(x) that gives weekly earnings in terms
of x pesos in sales.
A. f(x) = 6000 + 0.7x B. f(x) = 6000 - 0.7x C. f(x) = 6000 - 0.07x D. f(x) = 6000 + 0.07x

2. Find Eric’s earnings for a week with Php 25,000 total sales.
A. Php 7750 B. Php 7550 C. Php 6750 D. Php 8550

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3. What is Eric’s total sale for a week in which his earnings is Php 50,000.
A. Php 728, 571.43 B. Php 628, 571.43 C. Php 528, 571.43 D. Php 828, 571.43

4. A rectangular room is 7 m long and 7 m wide. How many square meters of carpet is
needed to cover the entire floor?
A. 14 m2 B. 25 m2 C. 49 m2 D. 53 m2

5. If the perimeter of a rectangular garden is 70m and the area is 300 square meter. What
are the dimensions of the garden?
A. L=20, W=15 B. L=15, W=20 C. L = 25, W= 10 D. L = 10, W=25

References

Banigon Jr., Ricardo B., & Gamilon, Maita G., General Mathematics, Revised Edition
(Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2019) 21-23.
Barcelona, Alvin B., et. Al., Conceptual Math and Beyond, General Mathematics (Manila:
Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc. 2017) 30 -33.
L Verschaffel, B Greer, E De Corte (2000) Making Sense of Word Problems, Taylor &
Francis
Corazon F., Et. Al., Mathematics Skills for Life (Quezon City, Abiva Publishing House Inc.
2017) 20-21.