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3.1.6 Unsteady State Heat Conduction (Continued)

The document discusses unsteady state heat conduction and Heisler charts. Heisler charts from 1947 provide transient temperature distributions for a plane wall, long cylinder, and sphere. There are three charts for each geometry: 1) temperature ratio vs time, 2) temperature ratio at any position vs boundary condition, and 3) heat transfer ratio vs time and boundary condition. The charts are applicable when the Fourier number is greater than 0.2. An example problem is then presented and solved using the Heisler charts to determine the temperature at the center and at a depth of a plate, as well as the heat removed, at a given time for the given conditions.

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19MEB234 Nihar Agrawal
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360 views7 pages

3.1.6 Unsteady State Heat Conduction (Continued)

The document discusses unsteady state heat conduction and Heisler charts. Heisler charts from 1947 provide transient temperature distributions for a plane wall, long cylinder, and sphere. There are three charts for each geometry: 1) temperature ratio vs time, 2) temperature ratio at any position vs boundary condition, and 3) heat transfer ratio vs time and boundary condition. The charts are applicable when the Fourier number is greater than 0.2. An example problem is then presented and solved using the Heisler charts to determine the temperature at the center and at a depth of a plate, as well as the heat removed, at a given time for the given conditions.

Uploaded by

19MEB234 Nihar Agrawal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.1.

6 Unsteady State Heat Conduction (Continued)


Heisler charts – For unsteady state heat conduction problems transient temperature charts were
presented by M.P. Heisler in 1947 for large plane wall, long cylinder, and sphere, called Heisler
charts. These charts were supplemented with transient heat transfer charts in 1961 by H. Grober.
There are three charts associated with each geometry: the first chart (temperature ratio Vs Fo)
is to determine the temperature T0 at the center of the geometry at the given time t. The second
chart (temperature ratio at any position Vs Bi-1) is to determine the temperature at other location
at the same time in terms of T 0. The third chart (heat transfer ratio Vs Bi2Fo) is to determine
the total amount of heat transfer up to the time t.
Applicability of Heisler charts: These charts are applicable for Fourier number, Fo > 0.2
𝜶𝒕 𝒉𝒔
𝑭𝒐 = , 𝑩𝒊 = . In these expressions, s is the semi-thickness of the body. For plate it is the
𝒔𝟐 𝒌
half-thickness, whereas for the cylinder and sphere it is the radius.

Chart 1 for plane wall or plate

𝜶𝒕
𝑭𝒐 =
𝑳𝟐
Chart 2 for plane wall or plate

Chart 3 for plane wall or plate

h2αt/k2= Fo Bi2
Chart 1 for cylinder

𝜶𝒕
𝑭𝒐 = 𝒓𝟐
Chart 2 for cylinder

Chart 3 for cylinder

h2αt/k2= Fo Bi2
Chart 1 for sphere

𝜶𝒕
𝑭𝒐 =
𝒓𝟐
Chart 2 for sphere

Chart 3 for sphere


Example: A large iron plate 50 mm thick is initially at 225 0C. If both the surfaces are suddenly
exposed to an environment at 25 0C with convective heat transfer coefficient 500 W/m2 0C.
Calculate: (i) the temperature at the centre and temperature at a depth of 10 mm from the surface,
2 minutes after the plate is exposed to the environment (ii) heat removed from the plate per square
meter during this period. For the iron plate: k = 60 W/m K. ρ = 7850 kg/m3 , α = 1.6 x 10-6 m2/s,
C = 460 J/kg K.
Solution:

Given Ti = 225 0C, T∞ = 25 0C, h = 500 W/m2 0C, k = 60 W/m K. ρ = 7850 kg/m3,
α = 1.6 x 10-6 m2/s, C = 460 J/kgK, t = 2 minutes = 120 s
2L = 50 mm or L = 25 mm = 0.025m, Depth 10 mm from the surface.

𝒉𝑳 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑿 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝑩𝒊 = = = 0.21 Therefore, 1/ Bi = 4.8
𝒌 60
𝜶𝒕 1.6 x 10−6 X 120
𝑭𝒐 = = = 3.07
𝑳𝟐 (0.025)𝟐

Tempetrature at the centre line


Using Heisler Chart (Chart 1 for plane wall) for centre line tempetrature, for 1/ Bi = 4.8
𝑇0 −𝑇∞
and Fo = 3.07, = 0.58 or, T0 = 0.58 x (225-25) + 25 = 141 0C. Ans.
𝑇𝑖 −𝑇∞

Temperature at the depth of 10 mm from the surface


Since the position x is from the centre of the wall or plate, x =L-10 = 25 – 10 = 15 mm
𝑥 15
Therefore, = = 0.6
𝐿 25

From Chart 2 (of plane wall) for temperature for other location, corresponding to 1/ Bi = 4.8 and
𝑇−𝑇∞
x/L = 0.6, the tempperature ratio = 0.95 or, T = 0.95 x (225-25) + 25 = 135.2 0C. Ans.
𝑇0 −𝑇∞

Heat removed from the plate during this period


Bi Fo2 = (0.21)2 x 3.07 = 0.135
For Bi = 0.21 and Bi Fo2 = 0.135, from the Grober Chart (Chart 3) for plane wall, the heat transfer
𝑄
ratio = 0.45
𝑄𝑖

Since, Qi = ρ C V (Ti-T∞) = ρ C (Ax2L) (Ti-T∞) = 7850 x460 x (1x2x 0.025) (225-25)


= 35.33 x 106 J/m2 =35.33 x 103 kJ/m2

The heat transferred during this period (2 minutes), Q = 0.45 x35.33 x 103 = 15.9 x103 kJ/m2 Ans.

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