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Venturi Meter: Hydraulics

A Venturi meter is a device used to measure fluid flow rate that works by converting pressure energy into kinetic energy. It consists of a converging cone, throat section of constant diameter, and diverging cone. As the fluid passes through the converging cone, its velocity increases and pressure decreases according to Bernoulli's equation. This pressure difference is measured to calculate flow rate. Venturi meters are commonly used in industry to measure gas, liquid, and wastewater flow and have advantages of low head loss and high accuracy over a wide range.

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166 views24 pages

Venturi Meter: Hydraulics

A Venturi meter is a device used to measure fluid flow rate that works by converting pressure energy into kinetic energy. It consists of a converging cone, throat section of constant diameter, and diverging cone. As the fluid passes through the converging cone, its velocity increases and pressure decreases according to Bernoulli's equation. This pressure difference is measured to calculate flow rate. Venturi meters are commonly used in industry to measure gas, liquid, and wastewater flow and have advantages of low head loss and high accuracy over a wide range.

Uploaded by

pako Nilaga
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VENTURI METER

HYDRAULICS
• What is a Venturi Meter?
LECTURE • Parts of Venturi Meter:
OUTLINE • Working Principle of Venturi Meter:
• Derivation of Discharge:
• Applications of Venturi Meter:
• Advantages of Venturi Meter:
• Disadvantages of Venturi Meter:
• a device in which pressure
energy is converted into
kinetic energy.
• used for measuring the rate
of flow of liquid through
pipes.
• invented by American
Engineer Clemans Herchel
and named by the Italian
physicist Giovanni Venturi.
• works on the basic principle
of Bernoulli’s Equation.

What is Venturi Meter?


Parts of Venturi Meter
• Converging cone or Diameter (the area is decreasing).
• Throat Diameter (the area is constant).
• Diverging cone (the area is increasing).
Converging Cone
When water flowing through this cone the area is decreasing,
therefore, the speed of flowing water increases, and pressure
decreases.
Throat Diameter
When water flowing through this cone the area remains
constant therefore the speed of flowing water and pressure
remains constant.
Diverging
Cone
When water flowing
through this cone the
area is increasing,
therefore, the speed of
flowing water
decreases, and
pressure decreases.
Throat
Diameter
When water flowing
through this cone the
area remains constant
therefore the speed of
flowing water and
pressure remains
constant.
Diverging
Cone
When water flowing
through this cone the
area is increasing,
therefore, the speed of
flowing water
decreases, and
pressure decreases.
Working
Principle of
Venturi Meter:
Suppose the quantity of liquid v1
enter to the pipe, as per continuity
equation volume flow rate at the
inlet (Q1), is equal to discharge at
the outlet (Q2), so if v1 amount of
water enters to the inlet of the
venturi meter the same amount of
water should be discharged at the
outlet, that means at unit second
v1/t1= v2/t2.
Working
Principle of
Venturi Meter:
As the area of section 1
(according to the above
diagram) is more than the area
of section 2, that means due to
the decrease area the pressure
at throttling section is
decreased and velocity will be
increased to maintain the flow
(Q1=Q2).
Working
Principle of
Venturi Meter:
• In the throat position, the
velocity of flow is maximum,
and pressure is minimum.

• After throttling there again a


diverging cone (diffuser)
which restores the pressure
as nearly possible to the
actual value.
Working
Principle of
Venturi Meter:
By this, we can easily
determine the volume flow
rate with the help of the U-
Tube Manometer which is
shown in the diagram, by
finding the pressure
difference between section 1
(converging section) and
section 2 which is throat.
Derivation of Discharge:
The several notations use in this derivation:
• A1= Inlet area in m2.
• D1= Diameter of Inlet.
• D2= Diameter of the throat.
• A2= Throat area in m2.
• P1= Pressure at the inlet in N/m2.
• P2= Pressure at the throat in N/m2.
• v1= Velocity at inlet in m/sec
• v2= Velocity at throat in m/sec.
• h= Pressure heads.
• Cd= Coefficient of Discharge. This is unitless.
• Qact= Actual discharge in m3/sec.
• Qthe= Theoretical discharge in m3/sec
Derivation of Discharge:
• Applying Bernoulli’s equations at sections 1 and 2, we get:
Derivation of Discharge:
• As pipe is horizontal Z1= Z2:

Where [h= (p1-p2)/ρg], difference of pressure heads at sections 1 and 2.


Derivation of Discharge:
• From the continuity equation at sections 1 and 2, we get,
Derivation of Discharge:
• This expression is the Theoretical Discharge of Venturi Meter. In
general, actual discharge is always less than Theoretical Discharge. So,
if we multiple Cd (Coefficient of discharge to the above equation,
then we get an actual discharge, and here is the expression of actual
discharge,
Finding
Pressure
heads
Applications of Venturi Meter:
Venturi Meter is used in various field like:
• Calculating the flow rate of fluid that is discharged through the pipe.
• In the industrial sector, it is used to determine the pressure as well of the
quantity of gas and liquid inside a pipe.
• The flow of chemicals in pipelines.
• This is widely used in the waste treatment process where large diameter pipes
are used.
• Also used in the medical sector for the measure the flow rate of blood in arteries.
• This also used where high-pressure recovery is required.
Advantages of Venturi Meter:
The advantages of Venturi Meter are:
• Power loss is very less.
• This can be used where a small head is available.
• High reproducibility (the extent to which consistent results are obtained when an
experiment is repeated).
• Accuracy is high over wide flow ranges.
• This can also be used for a compressible and incompressible fluid.
• This device is easy to operate.
• The coefficient of discharge (Cd) for the venturi meter is high.
• This is widely used for a high flow rate (Discharge).
Disadvantages of Venturi Meter:
Although there are few disadvantages of Venturi Meter, and those are:
• The installation cost of a venturi meter is high.
• There are little difficulties while maintenance.
• This device can not be used where the pipe has a small diameter of 76.2 mm.
• Non-linear.
• This system occupies more space as compared to the orifice meter.
• It has a limitation of the lower Reynolds number of 150,000.
• It is expensive and a little bulky.
Reference:
• Ashlin, & Kairolwu. (2020, July 14). What is a Venturi meter and how
does it work. Industrial Automation, PLC Programming, scada & Pid
Control System. Retrieved October 4, 2021, from
https://forumautomation.com/t/what-is-a-venturi-meter-and-how-
does-it-work/8455.
• Kumar, A., & Rao, A. (2021, February 28). Venturimeter: Definition,
parts, working, derivation, applications, advantages, and
disadvantages [PDF]. Learn Mechanical. Retrieved October 4, 2021,
from https://learnmechanical.com/venturi-meter/.
Venturi Meter
Sample Problems
Next

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