URIT-5500

Five-Part-Diff Auto Hematology Analyzer

Service Manual

URIT Medical Electronic Co., Ltd.

 Contents
Copyright and Declaration ............................................................................. I
Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................. 1
1.1 Front Panel ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Test Principle .................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Electrical Impedance Principle ........................................................................... 2
1.4 WBC Differential Principle .............................................................................................. 3
1.4.1 Optical classification principle ............................................................................. 4
1.5 Electrical Impedance for RBC Test ............................................................................... 5
1.5.1 Principle ................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Test Principles of RBC Indexes .......................................................................... 6
1.6 Platelet Test Principle ...................................................................................................... 6
1.7 HGB Colorimetric Method............................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2 Notice ............................................................................................ 2
2.1 External Factors ............................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 Voltage ................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference .............................................................................. 2
2.1.3 Temperature .......................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Location Requirement ..................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Notices for Startup ........................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Blood Samples Collection and Test .............................................................................. 3
Chapter 3 Circuit ............................................................................................ 4
3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4
3.1.1 Electrical System....................................................................................................... 4
3.1.2 ARM Board ............................................................................................................ 5
3.1.3 CPU Board ............................................................................................................ 6
3.1.4 Front-end Amplifier Board ................................................................................... 7
3.1.5 ADFIFO Board ...................................................................................................... 8
3.1.6 Analog Power Supply Board ............................................................................. 10
3.1.7 Shear Valve Drive Board ................................................................................... 10
3.1.8 Liquid Optocoupler Detecting Board................................................................ 12
3.1.9 Vacuum Board..................................................................................................... 14
3.1.10 Motor Drive Board ............................................................................................ 15
3.1.11Automated Sample Loader Control and optocouplers Board ..................... 16
3.1.12 High-voltage Board .......................................................................................... 19
3.1.13 LMS Counting Board ....................................................................................... 20
Chapter 4 Flow System ............................................................................... 21
4.1 Syringe Module .............................................................................................................. 21
4.2 Transducer ...................................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Flow System Map .......................................................................................................... 25
4.3.1 Pressure Module Flow System ......................................................................... 26
4.3.2 Optical Flow System .......................................................................................... 27
4.3.3 Electrical Impedance Channel ................................................................................ 28
Chapter 5 Optical System ........................................................................... 30
5.1 optical Structure ............................................................................................................. 30
Chapter 6 Test .............................................................................................. 31
6.1 Valve Test ........................................................................................................................ 31
6.2 Gain Adjustment ............................................................................................................. 31
6.2.1 Gain Adjustment of WIC and RBC ................................................................... 33
6.2.2 Gain Adjustment of PLT ..................................................................................... 35
6.3 Motor Test ....................................................................................................................... 35
6.4 Data Modification ........................................................................................................... 36
6.5 Optical Adjustment ......................................................................................................... 36
6.6 Software Upgrade .......................................................................................................... 37
6.7 Restart Software ............................................................................................................ 38
6.8 Skip Self-test .................................................................................................................. 39
Chapter 7 Upgrade Procedure .................................................................... 40
7.1 Upgrade Procedure of Flow System ........................................................................... 40
7.1.1 Preparation .......................................................................................................... 40
7.1.2 Upgrade Procedure ............................................................................................ 40
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting ......................................................................... 47
8.1 Optical Troubleshooting ................................................................................................ 47
8.1.1 Smudgy WOC Flow Cell .................................................................................... 47
8.1.2 Smudgy Imaging lens ........................................................................................ 48
8.2 WOC Flow Cell Replacement ...................................................................................... 50
8.3 Pressure Module Leakage ........................................................................................... 53
8.4 Vacuum Chamber Fault ................................................................................................ 54
8.5 Shear Valve Cleaning .................................................................................................... 55
 Copyright and Declaration

We owns the copyright of this unpublicized issued manual, and has right to
handle as secret information. This manual just used as reference for operation,
maintenance and service of our product. Other personnel has no right to
publish this manual.
This manual includes special information protected by copyright law. Copyright
reserved, prohibit copy and transmit any content of this manual against not
through written agreement by us.
We don’t make any formally guarantee for this manual, including (but not limit
to) implied guarantee responsibility on marketability and propriety lodged for
certain purpose. We without responsibility for the error included in this manual
and indirectly & abiogenetic damage that is caused by actual representation &
usage provided by this manual.
Content in the manual can be changed without giving notice.
Our obligation：
We only responsible for instrument security, reliability and capability under
following condition：
 Performed assemble, extend, re-debugging, improve and repair by our
authorized personnel;
 Relevant wiring equipment accord with national standard;
 Use the analyzer according to this service manual.
NOTE：
This analyzer cannot be used in family.
WARNING：
If each hospital or institution that is responsible for using this instrument cannot
realize a set of satisfactory service procedure, will cause deviant invalidation of
instrument, even jeopardize to health of human body.
Nowadays, We will provide relevant technical information conditionally when
customer request. In addition, narrate calibration method and other information
through list to help eligible technician to repair our instrument.
Guarantee
Manufacturer techniques and material
I
We guarantees automated hematology analyzer no techniques and material
problem within one year from shipping day if under normal use and
maintenance.
Free service
Our obligation under this guarantee not include freight and other fare, not
responsible for direct, indirect and ultimate damage & delay caused by
following condition: improper use, replaced accessories or repaired by
personnel not authorized by us.
This guarantee is not applicable for following items: instrument which is not
through maintenance or already broken; We original nameplate or is replaced
or tore off; our other product.
Security, reliability and run status
If following conditions occur, We are not responsible for the security, reliability
and run status of the analyzer：
 Disassembly, stretch and re-debugging;
 Serviced or changed not by our authorized personnel .
Send back instrument
If it’s needed to send back the instrument, please contact with distributor to get
detailed information, inform the analyzer serial number which marked on
nameplate, we will not accept if S/N cannot be identified. Please mark
instrument No. and S/N, briefly state the reason on sending back instrument.
Freight: if send back instrument for service, purchaser bears the freight
(including custom fare)

Version: 01/ 2013

II
 Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Front Panel

Figure 1-1 Front panel

1.2 Rear Panel

Figure 1-2 Rear panel

 第 1 章 仪器介绍

1.3 Test Principle

URIT-5500 run WBC five-part differential with four angles laser scattering
technique to get the results from three separated detection channels.
(1) WBC/ DIFF channel: Run WBC counting and WBC five-part-differential with
laser scattering technique in WOC flow cell.
(2) WBC/HGB channel: Run WBC counting with electrical impedance method
and test hemoglobin with colorimetry.
(3)RBC/ PLT channel: Run RBC and platelet counting with electrical
impedance method.

1.3.1 Electrical Impedance Principle

The analyzer uses the traditional electrical impedance for the blood cells
testing and counting. See Figure 1-3, conductive liquid (mainly diluent)
provides constant current source for electrode to help the circuit form a stable
impedance loop. When the cell pass through the pores, the conductive liquid is
substituted by cells, and the resistance of loop changes to produce electrical
pulses. When different volumes of cells pass through the pore, there will have
different electrical pulses amplitude. So that we can determine the number and
size of cells according to the number and amplitude of electrical pulses.

Figure 1-3 Electrical Impedance

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 第 1 章 仪器介绍

The Inside and outside electrode which part from the constant current
source device are placed respectively in the inside and outside room of
counting chamber, between the two rooms separated by a ruby aperture which
diameter is 100 microns. The outside room was filled with a certain
concentration of cell suspension; and the inside room was full of diluent.
Because the cell conductivity is lower than diluent, as a relatively poor
conductor. When the cell pass through the aperture, the conductive liquid is
substituted by cells, and the resistance of loop changes to produce electrical
pulses. When different volumes of cells pass through the aperture, there will
have different electrical pulses amplitude. So that we can determine the
number and size of cells according to the number and amplitude of electrical
pulses. Under the action of negative pressure, A certain amount of cells
through aperture, resulting in a series of pulse signal, through amplification,
threshold adjustment, identification, shaping, A/D converted and send them
into counting system to count, the total number of a certain volume of cells can
be obtained.(Shown on Figure 1-3)

1.4 WBC Differential Principle

URIT - 5500 instrument not only can count the total number of WBCs, but
also can give the WBC group distribution graphics—scatterplots. (Shown on
Figure 1-4)

Ghost cell

Figure 1-4 Scatter Plot

As shown in Figure 1-4.The gray area on left scatter plot is the ghost cells. It
reflects that RBC dissolve into pieces on the scatter plot; green is for
lymphocyte group; pink is for monocyte group; blue is for neutrophil; white is
for basophil group; red is for eosinophil group. Between each group has the
3
 第 1 章 仪器介绍

obvious boundaries which naked eye can see, showed aggregation and
divided into different sub group, that is the same color together, different color
separation.

1.4.1 Optical classification principle

Figure 1-5 Optical Principle

(1) 00: Forward angle light scatter (10～30), which can be used to measure cell
size;
(2) 100: Narrow-Angle Light Scatter (700 ～ 1100), which can be used to
measure cell complexity and structure.
(3) 900D: Ninety-degree depolarized light scatter (700～1100), which can be
used to isolate the eosinophil from neutrophile.
(4) 900: Vertical light scattering (700～1100), which is mainly used to measure
the inside particles and components of the cells.
You can simply interpret as: 0 °reflect volume; 90 °reflect karyolobism;
10 °have both information of 0 °and 90°.

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 第 1 章 仪器介绍

Figure 1-6 WBC Feature Comparison Diagram

WBC classification steps:
Step 1: Use vertical light scattering to distinguish the Karyolobism cells and
mononuclear cells into two kinds, respectively, 1、neutrophil and eosinophil
(Karyolobism cells ) 2、monocyte and lymphocyte and basophil (mononuclear
cells);
Step 2: Use 90 °polarization to distinguish the eosinophil and neutrophil ;
Step 3:Use 0 ° and 10 ° through nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and cell size to
separated the basophil from lymphocyte and monocyte ;
Step 4: Use 0 °according to the cell size distinguish the lymphocyte and
monocyte;

1.5 Electrical Impedance for RBC Test

1.5.1 Principle

RBC test principle is similar to WBC test principle. In the sample cup which is
the same as that of WBC, with the effect of negative pressure, a certain
amount of cells go through ruby aperture (68um) and produce corresponding
pulse in size. Analyzer can work out total number and average volume of RBC
according to the size and height of pulse. Meanwhile, it can also get a RBC
volume distribution histogram (Figure1-7) according to single measured RBC
volume and the percentage of cells which have the same volume.

5
 第 1 章 仪器介绍

Figure 1-7 RBC Map

Under normal conditions, because the number of red blood cells and white
blood cells in proportion is about 750:1,in that case we can ignore the factors
of WBC when measuring the RBC. But in some special pathological conditions,
such as leukemia associated with sick blood at the same time, may lead to
abnormal red blood cell count.

1.5.2 Test Principles of RBC Indexes

HCT can be worked out by dividing the product of MCV and RBC by 10.
According to relative algorithm, the instrument can get MCH, MCHC though
RBC, MCV and HGB. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) can be Figured out by
detecting RBC number and the difference of RBC size so as to reflect the
heterogeneity of RBC volume. RDW can reflect the degree of RBC size
difference and has clinical significance of anemia diagnosis.

1.6 Platelet Test Principle

Platelet (PLT) and RBC are being tested in the same counting chamber. The
instrument will count platelet and RBC respectively according to different
threshold (Figure 1-8). Data of platelet are being saved in 64 channels in 2~30
fL interval.

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 第 1 章 仪器介绍

Figure1-8 Platelet Map

PDW can be worked out by computer though histogram. MPV is the arithmetic
mean volume of platelets which are shown by the curve in histogram. MPV of
normal people has a nonlinear negative correlation with platelet number. PCT
is got from MPV and PLT.

1.7 HGB Colorimetric Method

HGB and WBC are being tested in the same counting chamber. Add lyse
into the diluted sample in WBC counting chamber. Red blood cells will dissolve
and release hemoglobin. Then the hemoglobin combines with lyse to form
hemoglobin mixture. Use LED light-emitting diode to illuminate the hemoglobin
mixture by the monochromatic light of 540nm wavelength at one end of the
WBC counting chamber. At the other end, using optical tube to receive the
transmitted light and then amplify the light intensity signal to voltage signal.
Compare it with the voltage generated by the transmission light intensity
before adding the sample into the colorimetry chamber (only with diluent) to
get the value of hemoglobin concentration. Hemoglobin concentration is
proportional to the absorbance of samples of 540nm wavelength. The process
of measurement and calculation is done automatically by the analyzer, and the
results will be displayed in the analysis results area.

7
1
 Chapter 2 Notice

2.1 External Factors

2.1.1 Voltage

To ensure normal working and stability of data test, analyzer should be

equipped with 220V power supply. If the voltage is unstable, high-precision
automated AC voltage-stabilized power source is needed. If intermittent
power-down often happens, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) needs to be
installed to ensure the good performance of power supply and circuit board.

2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference

Because the signals collected by analyzer are very weak, external interference
may result in abnormal data on test results. It is recommended that analyzer
should be connected with grounding wire to make interference signals into the
earth from the grounding wire so as to avoid electromagnetic impact. Analyzer
should be kept from interference equipment, such as monitors, copiers,
centrifuges and x-ray equipment etc..

2.1.3 Temperature

Analyzer working temperature is 15℃ to 35℃. Low temperature will affect

reagents and cause test error. The most common thing is that the value of
WBC and HGB are too high, because the dissolving speed of Sheath is slow
with low temperature. The value of PLT is on the low side, since platelets
aggregate with low temperature.

2.2 Location Requirement

1. Analyzer and reagents should be on the same level to ensure that the
reagents could be quickly injected to the analyzer.
2. Waste container should be placed on the ground, and not on the same
level with the analyzer. (Avoid Waste contamination)

8
 Notice

3. Connect reagents connectors correctly according to color. Blue is for

Diluent, red for Lyse, green for Detergen and yellow for Sheath.

NOTE: For precision optical instrument, pay attention to the dust when
using.

2.3 Notices for Startup

1. Check tubes connectors after the power supply and reagents are
connected well. If there are problems, solve them before startup.
2. Check whether there are abnormal smell, sound and picture. If there are
problems, power off and check.
3. Check whether the picture displayed and program initialization are normal.
If there is no abnormality, analyzer will enter Main Screen.

2.4 Blood Samples Collection and Test

Test modes are divided into Whole Blood Mode and Pre-diluent Mode.
1. Whole blood collection: Collect the venous blood by vacutainer.
Anticoagulant in vacutainer can anticoagulate blood.
2. Pre-diluent collection: Collect peripheral blood with micro blood collection
tube. Such as finger and ear etc..
3. Whole Blood Mode test: Under the counter interface, directly put the
collection tube into the sample loader, the instrument will automatically
detect.
4. Pre-diluent Mode test: Drain 300μL Diluent into the sample tube through pipette and then
inject 40μL peripheral blood into it for mixing. Under the counter interface after choose the
Pre-diluent Mode, please directly put the collection tube into the sample loader, the instrument
will automatically detect.

NOTICE: When collect peripheral blood, avoid squeezing out the tissue
fluid with excessive force to affect PLT counting. Likewise, overexertion
will make platelets aggregate and cause PLT counting error. Therefore,
relatively deep puncture is needed for peripheral blood collection. Wipe
out the first drop of blood, and then collect blood.

3
 Chapter 3 Circuit

Circuit system is composed of switch mode power supply (SMPS), ARM board,
CPU board, ADFIFO board, front-end amplifier board, automatic sampling
drive board, motor drive board, vacuum board, analog power supply board,
digital power supply board, photoelectric acquisition boards, high-voltage
board, Shear valve drive board, LMS board, automatic sampling optocoupler
board, solenoid valve board, photoμltiplier tube installation board , indicator
board, 110/220V power convert board and liquid optocoupler detecting board.

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Electrical System

Figure 3-1 Left Side Door

10
 Circuit

ADFIFO board

ARM board

Analog power
supply board
Front-end amplifier board

CPU board Analog power supply module

Motor drive board

Figure 3-2 Right Side Door

3.1.2 ARM Board

The ARM board is the control center of the analyzer for gain and motor steps
storage.

5
 Circuit

3.1.3 CPU Board

CPU control board is responsible for logic control, provide parameters for ARM
board and perform various orders. As shown in figure 3-4.

6
 Circuit

Connected with ADFIFO Board

Connected with Front-end amplifier board

Connected with COM1 port

V33-V34

V25-V322

V17-V24
Connected with
automatic sampling
drive board
V9-V16

Connected with liquid

V1-V8 optocoupler detecting board

Motor drive board

Shear valve drive board LMS board Connected with

vacuum board
Figure 3-4 CPU Board

3.1.4 Front-end Amplifier Board

The front-end amplifier board is for weak cell signal amplification and
processing in sample transducer and adjust the right signal to ADFIFO board
for data conversion.

7
 Circuit

Connected with ADFIFO Board Connected

Provide with +/-12v
with CPU
board

Provide AC 100V for Burning and

HGB Connector DC 100V for Constant-current

WBC Connector RBC Connector

Figure 3-5 Front-end Amplifier Board

3.1.5 ADFIFO Board

ADFIFO Board is mainly for A/D data conversion. The analog signal connected
by front-end amplifier board and optical system is converted to a digital signal
through ADFIFO board to transfer to the CPU board.

Figure 3-6 ADFIFO Board

8
 Circuit

3.1.5.1 Test Points Instruction of ADFIFO Board

Figure 3-7 Test Points

1--WBC Test Point
2--HGB Test Point
3--RBC Test Point
4—PLT Test Point
5-- 0°Test Point
6--10°Test Point
7--90°Test Point
8--90°D Test Point
9—A+12V Test Point (Light is always on when standby)
10—A-12V Test Point (Light is always on when standby)
11—AGND Test Point
12—ADC+3.3V Test Point (Light is always on when standby)
13--Light is always on when standby
14-- A+5V Test Point (Light is always on when standby)
15-- D+5V Test Point (Light is always on when standby)
16-- F+3.3V Test Point (Light is always on when standby)

9
 Circuit

3.1.6 Analog Power Supply Board

Analog power supply board is the secondary power supply of instrument,

which converts 12V of SMPW to provide analog board with low noise and
stable power supply.+12V,-12V and 100V are output. The quality of analog
power supply board is very important for the signal of analyzer. If it is damaged,
the analyzer can not work.

Figure3-8 Analog Power Supply Board

3.1.7 Shear Valve Drive Board

Shear Valve Drive Board is mainly for control the shear valve motor、peristaltic
pump motor and shear valve status indicator.
10
 Circuit

Shear valve motor

connector

Shear valve status

indicators
peristaltic
Connected with shear
pump motor
valve optocoupler board
connector

Twinkle for normal work

Connected with CPU board

Figure3-9 Shear Valve Drive Board

Under the Shear Valve standby mode (see figure 3-10), The middle LED of the
Shear valve status indicators part on the Shear Valve Drive Board will Lights
Up.

The middle Led Indicator Lights Up

Figure3-10
11
 Circuit

When the Shear Valve is turned to the other side (see figure 3-11), The right
LED of the Shear valve status indicators part on the Shear Valve Drive Board
will Lights up.

The right Led Indicator Lights Up

Figure3-11
When the Shear Valve is in the middle state (see figure 3-12), The left LED of
the Shear valve status indicators part on the Shear Valve Drive Board will
Lights up.

The left Led Indicator Lights Up

Figure3-12

3.1.8 Liquid Optocoupler Detecting Board

Liquid Optocoupler Detecting Board is mainly judging whether there is

aspirates blood samples, whether there is injects Lyse.

12
 Circuit

Judging whether
there is aspirates
blood samples

Judging whether there is blood

samples in Shear Valve

Judging
whether
there is
injects
Lyse

Figure3-13 Liquid Optocoupler Detecting Board

When the blood sample through the Blood Test Optocoupler 1(See figure
3-14),The first Optocoupler LED will lights up which shows in figure 3-13 and
the peristaltic pump will stop running(The peristaltic pump has maximum
rotational speed).After a while the peristaltic pump will run again(The peristaltic
pump has maximum rotational speed), when the blood sample through the
Blood Test Optocoupler 2(See figure 3-14) then the peristaltic pump will stop
running(The peristaltic pump has maximum rotational speed) and the second

13
 Circuit

Optocoupler LED will lights up which shows in figure 3-13.

Blood Test Optocoupler 2

Blood Test Optocoupler 1

Figure3-14
The third and fourth Optocoupler LEDs which on Liquid Optocoupler
Detecting Board both stay on off position means the lyse has been injected,
when they both light up means there is no lyse in it.(See figure 3-15)
Lyse detect Optocoupler 1

Lyse detect Optocoupler 2

Figure3-15

3.1.9 Vacuum Board

Vacuum board is mainly responsible for controlling the vacuum pump, which
can test whether there is liquid in the reagent reservoir, waste chamber and
14
 Circuit

vacuum negative pressure tube , check the pressure in pressure tank, control
pressure module solenoid valve work ,test whether there is liquid in the
waste containers and so on.(See Figure 3-16).

NOTE: The vacuum board is AC220V, please prevent from electric shock
when maintenance.

Figure3-16 Vacuum Board

3.1.10 Motor Drive Board

Motor driver board is mainly responsible for the movement of each syringe and
sampling needle, and display each syringe and sampling needle is move to the
right place or not. When instrument appear “Motor sensor F fault” alarm that
means the sampling needle is not move to the right position or SF
optocouplers damage and so on.

15
 Circuit

MB Syringe

MA Syringe

Motor optocouplers
indicators are MB、
MC Syringe
MA、MC、MD、ME and
MF respectively from
up to down, LED lights
MD Syringe
up means arrive to the
optocouplers.

ME Syringe

Motor optocouplers are MB、

MF sampling needle MA、MC、MD、ME and MF
respectively from left to right.

Figure 3-17 Motor Drive Board

3.1.11Automated Sample Loader Control and optocouplers Board

Automated Sample Loader Control Board(See Figure 3-18) and Automated

Sample Loader optocouplers Board(See Figure 3-19 ) are mainly for control
the Automated Sample Loader module. Automated Sample Loader
optocouplers Board above each interface has a LED, when Automated Sample
Loader optocouplers separation blade in place, the corresponding LED will
light up.

16
 Circuit

Reset

Connected with scan head

Automated Sample
Connected with CPU board Loader motor interface,
from right to the left are
corresponding M1-M8.

Figure 3-18 Automated Sample Loader Control Board

Optocouplers from up to
down, from right to left
are respectively S1 - S16

Figure 3-19 Automated Sample Loader optocouplers Board

17
 Circuit

Automated Sample Loader module each motor and optocouplers label are like
picture below shows:

Figure 3-20

18
 Circuit

Figure3-21

Figure 3-22

3.1.12 High-voltage Board

High-voltage board mainly provide DC600V to photoμltiplier tubes, which can

directly affect the optical 90 °and 90 °D classification.Measurement method:
Direct measurement the voltage of photomultiplier tube interface, it’s should be
DC600V. Or measure the voltage from the last angle of ADFIFO board to
shielding case, it’s should be DC6V.(See Figure 3-23)

Figure 3-23 High-voltage Board

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 Circuit

3.1.13 LMS Counting Board

RBC counting start WBC counting start

optocoupler optocoupler

RBC counting finish

optocoupler in whole
blood

WBC counting finish

optocoupler in whole blood

RBC counting finish WBC counting finish

optocoupler in optocoupler in pre-diluent
pre-diluent mode mode

Figure 3-24 LMS Counting Board

NOTE
Test point voltage TEST1 - TEST6 must be adjusted within in DC3V + / -
0.2 V in the glass tube without liquid, otherwise it will lead to bubble, clog
or without reagent false.

20
 Chapter 4 Flow System

WOC Transducer
LMS board

peristaltic pump WBC RBC Transducer

Transduc

er
Shear valve

Sampling Mechanism

single Sample Loader

Syringe module

Figure 4-1 Front View

4.1 Syringe Module

It is mainly used for counting, cleaning and prime and provides diluent,
Sheath, Lyse, Detergent and power for the specimen dilution and flow system
cleaning when startup and shutdown. Circuit board provide DC12V for motor.
Syringe module is composed of small syringe, Lyse syringe, diluent
syringe, motor and seal ring etc. These 3 kinds of syringe can be removed
separately, which facilitates for the syringe and seal replacement.
The motor is installed behind the syringe module to avoid the possibility of
damage and corrosion result from syringe leakage.

23
 Flow System

Responsible for Responsible

inject the Sheath for inject the
to WOC mixing Diluent to
chamber WBC mixing
chamber

Responsible for inject the

Lyse

Responsible for inject the Diluent to

RBC mixing chamber

Responsible for send the test sample

to WOC Flow Cell
Figure 4-2 Syringe module

4.2 Transducer

Transducer component is the sensor part of counting, which is the most

front-end test component for data acquisition.
Transducer is composed of inside and outside electrode, front and back
chamber and rubby aperture.
WBC,RBC and PLT are tested by coulter theory(Electrical impedance).In
the transducer, conductive liquid provides constant current source for
electrode to help the circuit form a stable impedance loop. When the cell pass
through the pores, the conductive liquid is substituted by cells, and the
resistance of loop changes to produce electrical pulses. When different
volumes of cells pass through the pore, there will have different electrical
pulses amplitude. So that we can determine the number and size of cells
according to the number and amplitude of electrical pulses.
HGB and WBC are being tested in the same counting chamber. Add lyse
into the diluted sample in WBC counting chamber. Red blood cells will dissolve
and release hemoglobin. Then the hemoglobin combines with lyse to form
hemoglobin mixture. Use LED light-emitting diode to illuminate the hemoglobin
mixture by the monochromatic light of 540nm wavelength at one end of the
WBC counting chamber. At the other end, using optical tube to receive the
transmitted light and then amplify the light intensity signal to voltage signal.
22
 Flow System

Compare it with the voltage generated by the transmission light intensity

before adding the sample into the colorimetry chamber (only with diluent) to
get the value of hemoglobin concentration. Hemoglobin concentration is
proportional to the absorbance of samples of 540nm wavelength. The process
of measurement and calculation is done automatically by the analyzer, and the
results will be displayed in the analysis results area.
Note: The liquid must be sprayed on the glass, not in the liquid surface,
otherwise it will influence the outcome of the MCV, PLT, HGB

Figure4-3 RBC Transducer

23
 Flow System

Unplug it when soaking the WBC

sample transducer

Inject the probe detergent from this tube

Figure4-4 WBC Transducer

24
 Flow System

4.3 Flow System Map

Figure 4-5 Flow System Map

25
 Flow System

4.3.1 Pressure Module Flow System

Pressure module provides 180KP、160KP、55KP、78KP for analyzer, pull the

reagent to reservoir and discharge it for rinse and counting forming a sheath
flow.

Figure 4-6 Pressure Module Flow System

(1)PS1 and PS1 are two positive pressure tanks,VS1 and VS2 are two
negative pressure tank,P1 is vacuum pump,P2 is pressure pump, S1、S2、S3
are three reagent reservoirs,S1 is for storage the Sheath,S2 is for storage the
Diluent,S3 is for storage the Detergent.

26
 Flow System

(2)PS1 with 160 KP air pressure is mainly used for forming a sheath flow; PS2
with 180 KP air pressure is mainly used for discharging waste out of the
instrument and providing power for send the liquid from reagent reservoirs into
WOC mixing and sample transducer.
(3)VS1 is negative pressure tank with 55 KP is used for absorbing reagent into
reservoir or emptying the reagent in transducer. VS2 is negative pressure tank
with 78 KP is used to provide power for analyzer when cells pass through
rubby aperture.
(4)E1, E2, E3 and E4 are respectively connected with pressure sensors, used
for controlling and monitoring the pressure.

4.3.2 Optical Flow System

Figure 4-8 Optical Flow System

(1)MD syringe absorbs 1.4ml sheath and 28uL blood sample into the WOC
mixing transducer through the Shear valve, and then the blast pump(P4) will
mix the test sample through V29 valve. After counting is completed the reagent
reservoirs S1 through V27 valve push the sheath rapidly into WOC mixing
transducer for cleaning. The liquid in WOC transducer will respectively through
V21, V19 and V20 these two pipeline into Waste Reservoir W2.
27
 Flow System

(2)The mixed test sample which in WOC transducer under the negative
pressure generated by Waste Reservoir W2 through V21, V19 valve to filled
with V21 to V19 section of the pipeline, and then the ME syringe will push the
test sample into WOC flow cell for counting. With 160kpa pressure, the sheath
through V18 valve into WOC flow cell to form a sheath flow, after that the
sheath and test sample will be discharged by V17, V26 valved.

4.3.3 Electrical Impedance Channel

(1)Syringe MA and MB functions are respectively inject diluent and blood

sample into WBC 、RBC transducer by Shear valve through V16、V13 valve;
Syringe MC function is through the V10 valve for injecting the Lyse into WBC
transducer.
(2)Peristaltic pump is responsible for put the blood which in sampling needle
aspirate into the shear valve, the shear valve will store three period of blood:
28ul use optical method for WBC counting and five part differential;20ul use
impedance and colorimetric methods for WBC counting and HGB test;0.64ul
use for test the RBC and PLT.
(3)Infusion pump P3 is used for cleaning the outer wall of prob.
(4)Waste Reservoir W1 respectively through V74,V75 valve to connect with
the negative and positive pressure chamber. In that way W1 can get negative
pressure by V74 to aspirate the waste from impedance channel into it, also W1
can get the positive pressure by V75 to push the waste out of it by V34; Waste
Reservoir W1 is work in the same way, respectively through V73,V80 valve to
connect with the negative and positive pressure chamber, aspirate the waste
from sheath channel into it and through V33 to push the waste out of it.
(5)V6, V15 valve are used for push the waste which come from sample
transducer into W1.V23, V4 valve are used for bubble-mixed the test sample
through pump P4.The detergent respectively through V15、V8 and V14、V12 to
clean the sample transducer back chamber. The “Waste” port has the same
path with the waste tube which outside the instrument. V3, V2 valve are used
for transport the waste which in the glass tube into W1.The RBC will pass the
ruby aperture through V11，V9 flow into W1 during the counting.
(6)V1, V28 valve are used for rapid use diluent rinsing the sample transducer
for cleaning after counting; V24 valve is used for connect the diluent washing
peristaltic pump pipe road.
(7)V30 and V32 are used for connect the W1 and W2 interlinked with
atmosphere and releasing the pressure.

28
 Flow System

Figure 4-9 Electrical Impedance Channel

29
 Chapter 5 Optical System

5.1 optical Structure

Figure5-1 Optical Layout and Parts Name

33
 Chapter 6 Test

6.1 Valve Test

Press "Service" on main menu screen and input "1111", then the analyzer will
enter into valve test interface. Press the valve, corresponding valve will be
tested. Right are the air pressure module valves and the left are the counting
test valves.V71,V72,V77 and V78 can not be tested. As show in Figure 6-1.

pressure module valves control area

Constant-current Source Switch

Flow system part valves control area

Figure 6-1 Valve Test Interface

6.2 Gain Adjustment

Press "Service" on main menu screen and input "4444", then the analyzer will
enter into gain adjustment interface. If need to be modified, please input the
data in the blank box beside the item, then press Enter and Save key. As
shown in Figure 6-2 ,6-3.and 6-4.

34
 Test

Three Page

Please input the data in the

blank box beside the item,
then press Enter. You will
see the data change in left
display item.

The greater the Data is the stronger the

pressure pump strength will be.

Figure 6-2 Page 3 of Gain Adjustment

90°D gain adjustment:

The greater the data is the
Smaller the gain will be

HGB voltage display: Click here,

press Ctrl+F2 for display, press it
again for close

HGB voltage adjustment

32
 Test

Figure 6-3 Page 2 of Gain Adjustment

There are gain adjustment

respectively for WBC、RBC、
PLT、0°、10°、90° from up
to down, The greater the data
is the Smaller the gain will be.

Figure 6-4 Page 1 of Gain Adjustment

6.2.1 Gain Adjustment of WIC and RBC

Check RBC gain after tested with control(the method is as shown in the
following figure).If the gain is out of the required range, it needs to be adjusted.
Click "Service" on main menu screen and input"4444", and then click
page1(See Figure 6-4).Please input the data in the blank box beside the item,
then press Enter and Save key. After that, check RBC gain again. If it is still out
of the range, please adjust again.

33
 Test

The line is dragged with the mouse

to the peak value of the RBC.that is
the gain of RBC.

Figure 6-5 Gain Adjustment of RBC

The line is dragged with Please press F11

the mouse to the first to display the
peak value of the WIC. WIC gain map.
that is the gain of WIC.

Figure 6-6 Gain Adjustment of WIC

34
 Test

6.2.2 Gain Adjustment of PLT

PLT gain adjustment please refer to the PLT and RBC coefficient on control
target value. PLT gain is the value that RBC coefficient is divided by RBC gain.
For example, according to control target value, the RBC gain is 4 times than
PLT gain and the RBC gain is 2000, so the PLT gain is 500.

6.3 Motor Test

Click "Service" on main menu screen and input"5555", the analyzer will enter
into motor test interface. As shown in Figure 6-7:
Sheath adding volume

Automated Sample Loader Optical test liquid

adding volume

Sampling needle down steps

Lyse adding volume

The frequency of each motors

Each reagents adding volume in pre-diluent mode

Diluent adding volume

Figure 6-7 Motor Test

If the motor parameter needs to be modified, Please input the data in the blank
box beside the corresponding parameter, then press Enter and Save key.
If need to test the motor, please copy the data in left box to the blank box on
the right of the corresponding motor, and then click "+" to run motor test.

35
 Test

6.4 Data Modification

The modification dialog box will appear when press F12 on test or query
interface. As shown in Figure 6-7.Please input the data in the right blank box
beside the item, then press Enter key.

Figure 6-8 Data Modification

6.5 Optical Adjustment

Click "Service" on main menu screen and input"3333", and then the analyzer
will enter into optical adjustment interface.

36
 Test

Figure 6-9 Optical Adjustment

6.6 Software Upgrade

Click "Service" on main menu screen and input"9999", and then the analyzer
will enter into software upgrade interface. Copy the software, algorithms library,
database and resource files into the root directory of U disk, and then insert the
U disk to the analyzer computer, ten upgrade options on the screen will be
changed from grey to black, which means the computer has identified the U
disk, click the item those need to be upgraded or backuped to run the
operation.

37
 Test

Figure 6-10 Upgrade Interface

6.7 Restart Software

Press Ctrl+Alt+Space keys on the software interface, the software will exit
order input interface. Please input "Root" and press "Enter", input "123456"
and press "Enter", input "cd"+Space +UT5200, and input /TARGET and press
Enter(See Figure 6-10).

Figure 6-11Restart software Order

38
 Test

6.8 Skip Self-test

When the blue URIT-5200 interface appears, press "F12" to skip self-test.

Figure 6-12 Skip Self-test

39
 Chapter 7 Upgrade Procedure

7.1 Upgrade Procedure of Flow System

7.1.1 Preparation

1. Laptop + USB or desktop + serial port line

2. Application software program

7.1.2 Upgrade Procedure

1.For the laptop upgrade, please install the USB serial port line driver first. For
the desktop upgrade, only need to insert the serial port line to the computer.
2.Double click “HCL_MODEL” in the flow system upgrade procedure(Please
see the following figure)

Figure 7-1 Flow System Upgrade Software Icon

3. When double click the Icon, the following figure will appear. Please
click "Download"

43
 Upgrade Procedure

Figure 7-2
4.Select the correct serial port, then the right light will be on, otherwise it is grey.
(see figure 7-3)

Figure 7-3
5、If all programme need to be upgraded, please click "Batch". But the
parameters in "4444" and "5555" need to be backuped before upgrade. If
single programme need to be upgraded, please click "Query" first (As shown in
Figure 7-4) to find the ID of the programme which need to be upgraded, then
click "Exit" to exit the query interface. Please double click the file and input the
ID number, then click "Download", and restart the analyzer finally.

41
 Upgrade Procedure

Figure 7-4 ID Query Interface

7.2 BIOS Upgrade

Double click upgrade software , then the dialog box will pop-up(as
shown in Figure 7-5), select Configuration menu, make sure the baud rate is
115200 and the COM port match with the computer, then click ”OK” to exit

42
 Upgrade Procedure

Figure 7-5 BIOS Upgrade Interface

Figure 7-6 Select Baud Rate and COM Port

Select “Connect” and “ASC mode” in the menu, as shown in

Figure 7-7

43
 Upgrade Procedure

Figure 7-7 BIOS Upgrade Interface

Press”1” with the keyboard to select , then choose

“Transmit” in menu, as shown in Figure 7-8.

Figure 7-8 File Selection Interface

Double click UT5200_BIOS, the following figure will pop-up.(As shown in

Figure 7-9)

44
 Upgrade Procedure

Figure 7-9 File Load Interface

When the process bar finishes, there will be a dialog appear

, when choose N for not running, and then

select , as shown in Figure 7-10, and

finally press “0” to choose . If

choose “Y”, the upgrade is finished, as shown in Figure 7-11,please shutdown and
restart the analyzer.

Figure 7-10 BISO Upgrade Interface

45
 Upgrade Procedure

Figure 7-11 BIOS Upgrade Interface

46
 Chapter 8 Troubleshooting

8.1 Optical Troubleshooting

8.1.1 Smudgy WOC Flow Cell

Optical differential is wrong and fresh specimen can not be divided in to 3

distinct cell population. First measure the background voltage of optical 0°,
measurement methods (see figure 8-1)

Connecedt with the

Connected with the
red pen of multimeter
red pen of multimeter
.

Figure 8-1The Measurement Method of 0°Background Voltage

Connected with multimeter, use DC gear to measure the voltage. The voltage
should be within 1V. The background voltage will be slightly higher result from
smudgy lens after using for a long time. Remove the WOC flow cell and the
laser does not irradiated on the WOC flow cell, as shown in figure 8-2,then
observe the multimeter again. If the background voltage is higher than
300mV,that means the lens are smudgy. Maybe the outer wall is dirty, maybe
the inwall. First wipe the WOC flow cell around with the non-dust cloth and put
away the WOC flow cell to observe the voltage change again. If the voltage is
within 1.1V, that means the outer wall is dirty. If the voltage has not changed
much, that means the inwall is dirty. Open the green and back joint of the
optical flow system. Connect the syringe with the green joint to drain the
reagent in the WOC flow cell, then prime the probe detergent. Sock the black
joint with probe detergent for a period of time (As shown in Figure 8-3 ), then
test the background voltage till the two voltage is closed.

50
 Troubleshooting

Figure 8-2 Remove the WOC Flow Cell

Figure 8-3 Prime the Inwall of WOC Flow Cell

8.1.2 Smudgy Imaging lens

Test optical background voltage, if the voltage is very high. For example, when
the multimeter is 5.6V, after remove the WOC flow cell, the multimeter is still
5.4V, from this we can judge the imaging lens is smudge. Please have the M6
hex screw down, unscrew the compression ring of imaging lens, and remove
the lens to wipe. Tight shut nail and imaging lens adjusting screw nut must not
be screwed. As shown in Figure 8-4. Place the lens into lens barrel convex to
convex after cleaning, and then test the background voltage again till the
voltage around 1V. When install imaging lens, the lens needs to be as far as
possible in the direction of WOC flow cell, the laser through the imaging lens
48
 Troubleshooting

and fall on the light dot of the bar behind the WOC flow cell. As shown in
Figure 8-5. Then slightly adjust the reflector 1 level knob (lower left
corner),maximum voltage of multimeter is best, then adjust the reflector 2
vertical knob(top right corner),minimum voltage of multimeter is best.

Figure 8-4

Figure 8-5

49
 Troubleshooting

8.2 WOC Flow Cell Replacement

When the WOC flow cell is loosen or falls off, please raise the front panel,
open the shield of WOC flow cell, you can see there is some liquid in it, which
means the WOC flow cell must be replaced or glued again. Please pluck the
tubes of WOC flow cell first, unscrew the fixed screw, and remove the WOC
flow cell for a new one. Make sure the reflected light (the most bright spot) of
WOC flow cell shines into the laser emission hole. Enter service 3333 test
specimen, fine-tuning 0 °and 10 °adjusting knob to make the test cells data to
the maximum(see figure 8-6).

Figure 8-6
Unplug the 90 °and 90 ° D signal lines of ADFIFO board or shut down the
instrument power to open the shield of PMT tube, vertically irradiate the WOC
flow cell with strong flashlight, there will be two black vertical lines on the big
slit (see figure 8-7)

Figure 8-7
50
 Troubleshooting

Then move the torch to the right or left 15 °, we can see the vertical lines
change into a "brackets" shape, and the light brackets tangent to the dark
brackets (see figure 8-8)

Figure 8-8
If the light brackets are not tangent to the dark brackets, please loose the tight
shut nail, turn around the microscope knob.(See Figure 8-9).

Figure 8-9

51
 Troubleshooting

Finally adjust the 90 °adjusting knob of WOC flow cell to make the slit in the
middle of the two vertical lines. (see figure 8-10)

Figure 8-10
Hood PMT tube shields, power on and test the specimen, please refer to
optical module installation to adjust out the atlas.
For eaxample

Figure 8-11

52
 Troubleshooting

Figure 8-12

Figure8-13
Note: Old specimen has ghosting as normal. The cell shape will change
to form ghosting after the specimen is placed for a long time.

8.3 Pressure Module Leakage

The pump works with a interval when the analyzer standby, from which we can
judge the pressure module leak. First we need to make clearly the leakage air
is positive pressure or negative pressure. Cut down the work voltage of pump,
that is pulling out the AC220V plug on the vacuum board (see Figure 3-16) to
let the analyzer have rest for a period of time(make positive pressure or
negative pressure leak out) to observe the solenoid valve working condition of
vacuum board :
1.V72 indicator light up, VS1 leakage;
2.V71 and V72 indicator light up, VS2 leakage;
3.V77 indicator light up, PS2 leakage;
4.V77 and V78 indicator light up, PS1,S1,S2,S3 leakage;

53
 Troubleshooting

8.4 Vacuum Chamber Fault

If the instrument right corner area shows "vacuum chamber 1 fault" alarm (see
Figure8-14), usually that means there has water into VS1 or poor interface
connect of VS1 sensor.

Instrument alarm area

Figure8-14
First, please check whether there is liquid in vacuum chamber, open
the left side door of instrument to observe whether there is liquid in VS1 or
not. Please empty the VS1 if there has liquid inside, after that the alarm will
disappear. Emptying method: Into maintenance interface, click “closing
pressure module”, and then pull out the VS1 above plug and find the tube
under the VS1, pull out the plug, let the liquid flow out, as shown in
Figure8-15.

54
 Troubleshooting

Figure8-15 Emptying vs1、vs2 liquid method

8.5 Shear Valve Cleaning

There will have crystallization reagent between valve plates of shear valve
after a long time use and causes serious consequences such as effect the
shear valve normal turning and tube explosion. So you need to regular
cleaning the shear valve according to your use situation.
Cleaning method: Click "maintenance" option which in the left side of
count interface, and choose "emptying shear valve", after the instrument
complete the emptying shear valve will automated turn the front and back two
pieces of valve into middle position, as shown in figure 8-16.
On some special situation like the instrument can not be started up, or the
instrument has not been used for a long time, then the valve plates of shear
valve will be firmly stick by crystallization reagent. On that situation, you can
not force the shear valve run that will damage the shear valve, you need to
manually turn the shear valve for cleaning, as shown in figure 8-17.
After you turn the front and back two pieces of valve into middle position
please unscrew the shear valve front knob(as shown in figure 8-16).Now, you
can take out the shear valve(as shown in figure 8-18), but please do not miss
the key part of shear valve.

55
 Troubleshooting

Please turn the front and

back two pieces of valve
into middle position

Unscrew the knob

Figure8-16
Note: You can only remove the Shear Valve after you turn the front and
back two pieces of valve into middle position.

Open the left side door of instrument, please use

your hand press hard the stainless steel part of Shear
Valve, and the Shear Valve will turn after you do
that.

Figure8-17

56
 Troubleshooting

Figure8-18

Please do not miss this part

Figure8-19

57
Troubleshooting

58