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Tutorials 1-4

This document contains 4 tutorial questions regarding the Brayton cycle, which models the operation of gas turbine engines. Question 1 asks to calculate the overall efficiency of a simple gas turbine given compression ratio, initial air temperature, heat capacities, combustion temperature, and compressor/turbine efficiencies. Question 2 asks to calculate the thermal efficiency and power output of a gas turbine plant operating between specified temperature and pressure limits, given air consumption rate and heating value. Question 3 asks to calculate the overall efficiency of a gas turbine operating between specified temperatures and pressures, given compression ratio, combustion temperature, and compressor/turbine efficiencies. Question 4 asks to draw the T-S diagram and calculate the power developed and exhaust gas temperature for an adi

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Krishna
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317 views

Tutorials 1-4

This document contains 4 tutorial questions regarding the Brayton cycle, which models the operation of gas turbine engines. Question 1 asks to calculate the overall efficiency of a simple gas turbine given compression ratio, initial air temperature, heat capacities, combustion temperature, and compressor/turbine efficiencies. Question 2 asks to calculate the thermal efficiency and power output of a gas turbine plant operating between specified temperature and pressure limits, given air consumption rate and heating value. Question 3 asks to calculate the overall efficiency of a gas turbine operating between specified temperatures and pressures, given compression ratio, combustion temperature, and compressor/turbine efficiencies. Question 4 asks to draw the T-S diagram and calculate the power developed and exhaust gas temperature for an adi

Uploaded by

Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Sheet I

UME-718(Applied Thermodynamics)
(Carnot cycle
Semester I July-December 2021

1. Two heat engines operating in series are giving out equal amount
of work. If the total work is 50 kJ/cycle and the reservoirs are at
1000K, 250 K. Find out the intermediate temperature and
efficiency of each engine Also find out the heat extracted from
source.
(T2 = 625 K, 37.5%, 60%)

2. An inventor claims that his petrol engine operating between


temperatures of sink and source are 600 o C and 2000 oC will
produce 0.735 consuming 0.12 kg/hr of petrol having 46000
kJ/kg calorific value. Check the validity of the claim.

Q.3 A reversible heat engine operates between the reservoirs at


temperatures of 6000C and 400C. The engine drives a reversible
refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at temperatures of
400C and -200C. The heat transfer to heat engine is 2000kJ and
network output of the combined engine refrigerator plant is 360
kJ. Draw the block diagram and find out
(a)Evaluate the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat
transfer to the reservoir at 400C.
(b) Reconsider (a) given that the efficiency of the heat engine
and the COP of the refrigerator are each 40% of their
maximum possible values.
(5539 kJ, 1899.4 kJ)
UME-718
Applied Thermpdynamics
(Otto and Stirling Cycle)
Tutorial Sheet II
Semester I July-December 2021

Q1The efficiency of an Otto cycle is 50% and ratio of specific heats =


1.5. Find the compression ratio. (r = 4)

Q.2 In an Otto cycle air at 170C and 1 bar is compressed adiabatically


until the pressure is 15 bar. Heat is added at constant volume until
thepressure rises to 40 bar. Calculate the air–standard efficiency, the
compression ratio and the mean effective pressure for the cycle.
Assume Cv= 0.717 kJ/kgK and R = 8.314 kJ/kmolK.
(53.9%, 6.91, 5.70 bar)

Q.3 An engine working on a regenerative Sterling cycle takes in air at


1 bar and 300K. The air is compressed isothermally and then heated at
constant volume so that the pressure rises to 15 bar and temperature
700 K. The air expands isothermally to its initial volume and rejects
heat at constant volume to complete the cycle. Calculate the efficiency
and mean effective pressure. (57.14%, 2.94 bar)

Q.4 A gas engine operating on the ideal Otto cycle has a compression
ratio of 6:1. The pressure and temperature at the commencement of
compression are 1 bar and 270C. The heat added during constant
volume combustion process is 1170 kJ/kg. Determine the peak pressure
and temperature, work output per kg of air and air standard efficiency.
Assume Cv= 0.717 kJ/kgK and γ = 1.4 for air.
(1973.80C, 44.82 bar, 598.9 kJ, 51.16%)

Q.5 A 1500 cc IC engine working on 4-stroke Otto cycle has a


compression ratio of 11. Estimate the efficiency, peak pressure and
peak temperature if the output is 40 kW when running at 3000 rpm. If
the engine is to run on Diesel cycle, estimate the compression ratio, cut
off ratio, efficiency and output at 3000 rpm when peak pressure and
peak temperature remains same. (Ambient pressure and temperature
are: 1 bar and 300 K respectively.) (ηotto = 0.6168, r1 = 25.24,
rc = 2.295, ηD = 66.65%, O/P = 42.94 kW)
Tutorial Sheet III
(Diesel and Dual Cycles)
Semester I July-December 2021

1. An air standard diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 14. The


pressure at the beginning of compression stroke is 1 bar and the
temperature is 27°C. The maximum temperature of the cycle is 2500°C.
Determine the efficiency of this engine.
Given, r = 14; P4 = 1 bar
T4 = 27°C = 300 K
T2 = 2500°C = 2773 KTo Find, ŋdiesel (Ans. 53.64%)

2. Estimate the loss in air standard efficiency for an engine of


compression ratio of 15 and the cut-off changes from 5 to 15% of the
stroke.
Given, r = 15;
i) v2 – v1 = 5% of stroke
ii) v2 – v1 = 15% of strokeTo Find, Loss in ŋase
(Ans: 61.9%)

3. An ideal cycle has compression ratio of 16 with lowest temperature


and pressure as 27°C and 1 bar respectively. If heat added during the
cycle is 500 kJ/ kg of air, determine (i) P, T at salient points (ii) W.D
(iii) ŋ (iv) Pmep.
Given, r = 16; P4 = 1 bar;
T4 = 27°C = 300 K; Qs = 500 kJ/ kg
To Find, P1, T at salient points, W.D., ŋ, Pmep
Ans pmep = 3.947 bar, 63.7%, ŋ = 63.7%

4. An engine working on dual combustion cycle has pressure ratio of


1.41. The diameter of engine cylinder is 200 mm and stroke 420 mm.
If the compression ratio is 13.5 and cut-off occurs at 5% of stroke,
determine the air standard efficiency of engine.
Given, α = 1.41; d = 200 mm = 0.2 m
l = 420 mm = 0.42 m; r = 13.5;
v2 = v1 + .05 (vs)To Find, ŋdual (ANS; 70.52%)
5. An oil engine operates on ideal dual combustion cycle as follows:
Pressure at beginning of compression = 0.97 bar;
Temperature at beginning of compression = 55°C;
Pressure ratio = 1.5; Cut-off ratio = 1.6%. compression ratio = 11; ratio
of specific heats = 1.4, determine the temperature at the end of each
operation and the efficiency of engine.
Given, P4 = 0.97 bar; T4 = 55°C = 328 K;
α = 1.5 = P4/P5 = P2/P5; P = 1.6 = v2/v1 = v2/v5
r = 11 = v4/v5 y = 1.4
To Find, T1, T2, T3, T5, ŋdual ``Àns: 65.48%
Tutorial Sheet IV
UME-718 (Applied Thermodynamics)
(Brayton Cycle)
Semester I July-December 2021

Q.1 Find out actual overall efficiency of a simple gas turbine for the
following data;
Compression ratio = 5, Initial temperature of air = 15o C
γ for air = 1.4, compressor and turbine efficiency = 85%
Maximum temperature of combustion = 600o C, Cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK
(19.56%)

Q.2 A gas turbine plant works in temperature limits of 300K and 900K
and pressure limits are 1 bar and 4 bar. The efficiency of the compressor
is 0.8 and that of the turbine is 0.85. Estimate the thermal efficiency of
the plant and the power available in kW if the air consumption is 1 kg/s.
The heating value of fuel is 42000 kJ/kg.
(68.19kW, 16.3%)

Q.3 A gas turbine takes in air at 27o C and 1 bar. The pressure ratio is
4 and the maximum temperature of the cycle is 567-0o C. The
compressor and turbine efficiency are 0.83 and 0.85 respectively.
Determine the overall efficiency of the plant if the regenerator
effectiveness is 0.75. (Ans: 21.1%)

Q.4 A gas turbine is supplied with gas at 5 bar and 1000 K and
expands adiabatically to 1 bar. The mean specific heat at constant
pressure and constant volume are 1.0425 and 0.7662 kJ/kgK
respectively.
a) Draw the T-S diagram
b) calculate the power developed in kW per kg of gas per second
c) exhaust gas temperature (Ans:b) 362 kW/kg)

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