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Generation of Computers

The document discusses the history and generations of computers. It notes that the first computer was the counting device called tally sticks invented in 3500 BC. The first electronic computer was designed at the University of Pennsylvania using vacuum tubes. The first generation of computers from 1942-1955 used vacuum tubes and had limitations such as being large, consuming large amounts of energy, and having limited storage. The fourth generation began with the invention of the microprocessor, reducing the size of computers. Scientists are now working on the fifth generation which aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.

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47 views2 pages

Generation of Computers

The document discusses the history and generations of computers. It notes that the first computer was the counting device called tally sticks invented in 3500 BC. The first electronic computer was designed at the University of Pennsylvania using vacuum tubes. The first generation of computers from 1942-1955 used vacuum tubes and had limitations such as being large, consuming large amounts of energy, and having limited storage. The fourth generation began with the invention of the microprocessor, reducing the size of computers. Scientists are now working on the fifth generation which aims to develop artificial intelligence capabilities.

Uploaded by

Vroom Bright
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A BRIEF HISTORY ABOUT COMPUTER

The first computer was a counting device called Tally Sticks, invented in 3500BC, and notwithstanding,
Abacus was also invented in the year 2400BC which was meant for calculation Charles Babbage
designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of
today are based on.

The first electronic computer was designed and built at the University of Pennsylvania based on
Vacuum Tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generation of computers has
been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors,
memories and I/O units.

GENERATION OF COMPUTERS

The first-generation computers were used during 1942-1955. They were on vacuum tube…… example of
first-generation computers are ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) and UNIVAC
*Universal Automatic computer computer*

ADVANTAGES

** Vacuum tube were the only electronic component available those days

** Vacuum tube Technology, made it possible to make electronic digital computers

** These computers could calculate data in Millisecond

DISADVANTAGES

 Those computers were very large in size and very portable


 They consume large amount of energy and get heated as soon as possible, due to it thousands
of vacuum tube involved
 They were not reliable, constant maintenance was required
 Air conditional was required
 Costly commercial production
 Limited Commercial Use
 Very Slow Speed
 Use machine languages only
 Use magnetic Drums which was provide very less data storage
 Use punch cards for input

FOURTH GENERATION

The fourth generation computers started with the invention Microprocessor. The Microprocessor
contains thousands of IC’s. Ted Hoff produced the first microprocessor in 1971 for intel. It was known as
Intel 4004. The technology of integrated circuit improved rapidly. The LSI (Large Scale Integration)
circuit was designed. It greatly reduced the size of computer.
The size of modern Microprocessors is usually on square inch. It can contain millions of electronic
circuits. The examples of fourth generation computers are Apple Macintosh & IBM PC.

ADVANTAGES

 More powerful and reliable than previous generations.


 Small in size
 Fast processing power with less power consumption
 Fan for heat discharging and thus to keep cold
 Less need has repair
 Cheapest among all generation
 All types of HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE can be used in this type of computer
 The latest technology is required for manufacturing of Microprocessors

FIFTH GENERATION OF COMPUTERS (Present & Beyond)

Scientist are working hard on 5th generation computers with quite a few breakthroughs. It is based on
the technique of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Computers can under stand spoken words & imitate human
reasoning. Can respond to its surrounding using different type of sensor. Scientist are constantly to
increase the processing power of computers. They are trying to create a computer with real IQ with the
help of advanced technologies. IBM Watson computer is one example that outsmarts Harvard University
Students. The advancement in modern technologies will revolutionize the computer in future.

ADVANTAGES

 Portable notebook computers introduced

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