LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS (LAS)

READING AND WRITING SKILLS/Grade 11

Name of Learner: _________________________________ Score: _________

Grade Level & Section: ___________________ Date: ________________
School: ___________________________________________

IDENTIFYING EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT CLAIMS IN A TEXT

Learning Competency:

Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text (EN11/12RWS-IIIij-6)

Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to do the following with 75%
proficiency level:
A. Describe claim;
B. Determine the different types of claim ; and
C. Identify the claims explicitly and implicitly made in a written text.

Directions: Examine the picture below then discuss the message that
the picture wants to convey.

explore

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 EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT INFORMATION

Explicit Information is the information is stated in the text. Readers

can see the piece of information stated in the given passage.

Implicit information is the information not directly presented in the

learn text. As readers, we need to read between the lines to understand the
details that the writer is trying to tell us.

Sometimes, we read because we need to perform a particular task after reading. The
different kinds of information we have gathered through reading may be used as a
basis for our next task. We can sufficiently discuss our opinion depending on the
evidence that we have collected from the texts we have read. Proofs, or claims can be
used based on the type of presentation or argumentation that you wish to do.

CLAIM

• A claim is an arguable statement --- an idea that a rhetor (a speaker or writer)

asks an audience to accept.
• A claim is an opinion, idea, or assertion.
• A claim is a statement we make to an audience with an anticipation that they
should agree with it.
• A claim thus forwards a statement that we worry the audience will not agree
to but wish them to agree to.

Examples:

1. I think we should have universal health care.

2. I believe the government is corrupt.

These claims make sense but they need to be teased out and backed up with evidence
and reasoning.

*If we are certain that the audience will agree, it is not really a claim. If we are
certain the audience will not, it is also not a claim. A claim works with
contingency --- a question of whether the audience will agree or not.

Types of Claims

CLAIM OF FACT
Claims of fact are pieces of information which are grounded on reliable authority
such as science or history.

Example:
The devastation experienced by the Philippines during Typhoon Yolanda shows the
readiness of disaster relief protocols established by the government.

Explanation:
This claim can be defended or refuted using events as proof, and the existence or
non-existence of the protocols may be discussed using specific incidences as
evidence.
CLAIM OF VALUE
Claims of value are pieces of information that are focused on relative judgment such
as goodness or badness, and these are usually addressed based on standards.

Example:
Stem cell research is wrong.

Explanation:
This claim attempts to prove the badness of one idea based on a moral judgment as
specified by various standards (may be religious or even political).

CLAIM OF POLICY
Claims of policy are specific statements on procedures or laws that need to be
modified based on certain issues or conditions. Most of the time, claims of policy ask
for plans of action to solve current problems.

Example:
Censorship in the Philippines must be strengthened.

Explanation:
This claim demands that additional amendments on a specific policy be adopted
because present circumstances are no longer sufficient.

Example:
Childhood obesity in our country has more than tripled in the past 30 years. Today,
one in six children in our country is obese. This is unacceptable. As parents, we try
to provide a better future for our children, better than we’ve ever had. We need to
stand up and do what we can. We can start by supporting the passing of the anti-
junk food bill in schools and other child-friendly areas.

Explanation:
Information such as the tripling of the amount of obesity is used in an explicit
manner. Also, the author uses this claim of fact to base his ideas on reliable
authority, which, in this instance is a statistic. The author also uses the standard of
providing a better life to children as a claim of value before leveraging a change in
policy as stated in this sentence “supporting the passing of the anti-junk food bill in
schools and other child-friendly areas”. These pieces of information explicitly tell us
that obesity is a problem, and this passage is implicitly informing us that we can
contribute to solving this issue.

Additional Examples

Claims of Fact
1. Research studies are conducted to improve human condition.
2. Climate change has already become an issue in the country.
3. Success of teaching depends upon the creativity of the teacher.

Claims of Value
1. Musical comedy is the best form of entertainment.
2. Staying with the family with a limited income is more valuable than being away
earning a lot.
3. Communication is better than computation.
Claims of Policy
1. Fetal tissue should be banned in any research undertaking.
2. The government should continue to offer scholarship programs especially to the
poor but bright students.
3. Gender equality needs to be strengthened in the academe.

Activity 1

Directions: Describe claim by completing the sentences below. You

may choose from the words inside the box.
engage
agree idea
anticipated not agree
arguable opinion

1. A claim is an ________________ statement.

2. A claim is an _____________, _____________, or assertion.
3. In order for a statement to be considered a claim, there should be a possibility
that the readers will _____________ or ________________ with it.

Activity 2

apply Directions: Determine the type of claim presented in the following

statements.

1. Basketball is more exciting than volleyball.

2. Dogs are the most lovable pets.
3. Following healthy diet with enough rest and exercise will make you healthy.
4. Students should wear their identification card anytime, anywhere in the school
campus.
5. Stress causes health problems.
6. Students with access to internet are the best students.
7. People should strictly follow the health protocols.
8. Grades don’t define someone’s intelligence.
9. Crash Landing on You is the best Kdrama ever.
10. Stories about super heroes teach the young the value of courage and bravery.
11. Research activity needs to be part of the curriculum.
12. A clean environment creates a happy and peaceful society.
13. Sleeping eight hours a day makes a person productive.
14. Plants are more valuable than animals.
15. We need to elect council officers to address certain concerns of the people in the
barangay.
Activity 3

Directions: Read the article below then write five claims explicitly and implicitly
stated in the text.

Get enough sleep and rest

by Camille Klimecki and Suzette Ripepe-Darnell

Nobody can be in the best of health for long without sleep and rest. Adults
may vary in the hours of sleep they need. Probably the best test of whether you
are getting enough sleep is how you feel. If you awake refreshed and energetic,
you are no doubt getting required rest. But if you frequently feel tired, the solution
may well be as simple as going to bed earlier and being as regular as possible in
your sleep habits. Frequent inability to sleep should be discussed with a physician.

CLAIMS:

1. _______________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________________________

Reference

Dayagbil, F., Abao, E., and Bacus, R. (2016). Critical Reading and Writing for the
Senior High School. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Quezon City. pp 91-95