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    Parallel ATA (PATA), Originally ATA, Is An Interface Standard For The

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    pavangupta
    Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard for connecting storage devices like hard disks internally in computers. It uses 40-pin ribbon cables that have a maximum length of 18 inches. While common in the past, PATA has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) which uses thinner 7-conductor cables and provides benefits like reduced size and cost, hot swapping, and faster data transfer speeds.

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    Parallel ATA (PATA), Originally ATA, Is An Interface Standard For The

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    pavangupta
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    Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard for connecting storage devices like hard disks internally in computers. It uses 40-pin ribbon cables that have a maximum length of 18 inches. While common in the past, PATA has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) which uses thinner 7-conductor cables and provides benefits like reduced size and cost, hot swapping, and faster data transfer speeds.

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    Parallel ATA

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    Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard for connecting storage devices like hard disks internally in computers. It uses 40-pin ribbon cables that have a maximum length of 18 inches. While common in the past, PATA has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) which uses thinner 7-conductor cables and provides benefits like reduced size and cost, hot swapping, and faster data transfer speeds.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    118 views6 pages

    Parallel ATA (PATA), Originally ATA, Is An Interface Standard For The

    Uploaded by

    pavangupta
    Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard for connecting storage devices like hard disks internally in computers. It uses 40-pin ribbon cables that have a maximum length of 18 inches. While common in the past, PATA has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) which uses thinner 7-conductor cables and provides benefits like reduced size and cost, hot swapping, and faster data transfer speeds.

    Copyright:

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Parallel ATA (PATA), originally ATA, is an interface standard for the

    connection of storage devices such as hard disks, solid-state drives,


    floppy drives, and optical disc drives in computers. The standard is
    maintained by X3/INCITS committee.[1] It uses the underlying AT
    Attachment (ATA) and AT Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI)
    standards.

    The Parallel ATA standard is the result of a long history of incremental


    technical development, which began with the original AT Attachment
    interface, developed for use in early PC AT equipment. The ATA
    interface itself evolved in several stages from Western Digital's original
    Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface. As a result, many near-
    synonyms for ATA/ATAPI and its previous incarnations are still in
    common informal use. After the introduction of Serial ATA in 2003, the
    original ATA was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA.

    Parallel ATA cables have a maximum allowable length of only 18 in


    (457 mm). Because of this length limit the technology normally appears
    as an internal computer storage interface. For many years ATA
    provided the most common and the least expensive interface for this
    application. It has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) in newer
    systems.

    Parallel ATA interface


    Parallel ATA cables transfer data 16 bits at a time. The traditional cable
    uses 40-pin connectors attached to a ribbon cable. Each cable has two
    or three connectors, one of which plugs into an adapter interfacing
    with the rest of the computer system. The remaining connector(s) plug
    into drives.

    ATA's cables have had 40 wires for most of its history (44 conductors
    for the smaller form-factor version used for 2.5" drives — the extra four
    for power), but an 80-wire version appeared with the introduction of
    the Ultra DMA/33 (UDMA) mode. All of the additional wires in the new
    cable are ground wires, interleaved with the previously defined wires to
    reduce the effects of capacitive coupling between neighboring signal
    wires, reducing crosstalk. Capacitive coupling is more of a problem at
    higher transfer rates, and this change was necessary to enable the
    66 megabytes per second (MB/s) transfer rate of UDMA4 to work
    reliably. The faster UDMA5 and UDMA6 modes also require 80-
    conductor cables.

    ATA cables:
    40 wire ribbon cable (top)
    80 wire ribbon cable (bottom)

    Though the number of wires doubled, the number of connector pins


    and the pinout remain the same as 40-conductor cables, and the
    external appearance of the connectors is identical. Internally the
    connectors are different; the connectors for the 80-wire cable connect
    a larger number of ground wires to a smaller number of ground pins,
    while the connectors for the 40-wire cable connect ground wires to
    ground pins one-for-one. 80-wire cables usually come with three
    differently colored connectors (blue, black, and gray for controller,
    master drive, and slave drive respectively) as opposed to uniformly
    colored 40-wire cable's connectors (commonly all gray). The gray
    connector on 80-conductor cables has pin 28 CSEL not connected,
    making it the slave position for drives configured cable select.

    Round parallel ATA cables (as opposed to ribbon cables) were


    eventually made available as they were believed to have less effect on
    computer cooling and were easier to handle; however, only ribbon
    cables are supported by the ATA specifications.

    Pin 20

    In the ATA standard pin 20 is defined as (mechanical) key and is not


    used. This socket on the female connector is often obstructed, requiring
    pin 20 to be omitted from the male cable or drive connector, making it
    impossible to plug it in the wrong way round; a male connector with pin
    20 present cannot be used. However, some flash memory drives can
    use pin 20 as VCC_in to power the drive without requiring a special
    power cable; this feature can only be used if the equipment supports
    this use of pin 20.[16]

    Pin 28

    Pin 28 of the gray (slave/middle) connector of an 80 conductor cable is


    not attached to any conductor of the cable. It is attached normally on
    the black (master drive end) and blue (motherboard end) connectors.

    Pin 34
    Pin 34 is connected to ground inside the blue connector of an 80
    conductor cable but not attached to any conductor of the cable. It is
    attached normally on the gray and black connectors. See page 315 of.[17]

    SATA
    Serial ATA (SATA or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a
    computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass
    storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial ATA
    was designed to replace the older ATA (AT Attachment) standard (also
    known as EIDE), offering several advantages over the older parallel ATA
    (PATA) interface: reduced cable-bulk and cost (7 conductors versus 40),
    native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling
    rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing
    protocol.

    SATA host-adapters and devices communicate via a high-speed serial


    cable over two pairs of conductors. In contrast, parallel ATA (the
    redesignation for the legacy ATA specifications) used a 16-bit wide data
    bus with many additional support and control signals, all operating at
    much lower frequency. To ensure backward compatibility with legacy
    ATA software and applications, SATA uses the same basic ATA and
    ATAPI command-set as legacy ATA devices.

    As of 2009, SATA has replaced parallel ATA in most shipping consumer


    desktop and laptop computers, and is expected to eventually replace
    PATA in embedded applications where space and cost are important
    factors. SATA’s market share in the desktop PC market was 99% in
    2008.[2] PATA remains widely used in industrial and embedded
    applications that use CompactFlash storage, though even here, the next
    CFast storage standard will be based on SATA.[3][4]
    Pin # Function

    1 Ground

    2 A+ (transmit)

    3 A− (transmit)

    4 Ground

    5 B− (receive)

    6 B+ (receive)

    7 Ground

    8 Coding notch

    A 7-pin Serial ATA right-angle data cab

    Features

    [edit] Hotplug

    The Serial ATA Spec includes logic for SATA device hotplugging. Devices
    and motherboards that meet the interoperability spec are capable of
    hot plugging.

    [edit] Advanced Host Controller Interface


    As their standard interface, SATA controllers use the AHCI (Advanced
    Host Controller Interface), allowing advanced features of SATA such as
    hotplug and native command queuing (NCQ). If AHCI is not enabled by
    the motherboard and chipset, SATA controllers typically operate in "IDE
    emulation" mode, which does not allow features of devices to be
    accessed if the ATA/IDE standard does not support them.

    Windows device drivers that are labeled as SATA are often running in
    IDE emulation mode unless they explicitly state that they are AHCI
    mode, in RAID mode, or a mode provided by a proprietary driver and
    command set that was designed to allow access to SATA's advanced
    features before AHCI became popular. Modern versions of Microsoft
    Windows, FreeBSD, Linux with version 2.6.19 onward,[6] as well as
    Solaris and OpenSolaris include support for AHCI, but older OSes such
    as Windows XP do not. Even in those instances a proprietary driver may
    have been created for a specific chipset, such as Intel's.[7]

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