Buyer: Aida Mammadova (mammadova.aaaa94@gmail.

com)
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

Academic Word List:

Sublist 6

87
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

abstract
[æbstrækt]
adj
1. dealing with a subject in the abstract without practical purpose or intention.
E.g.: abstract reasoning, abstract science
2. existing only in the mind; separated from embodiment. E.g.: abstract words
like `truth' and `justice'
noun
1. a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory. [Syn: outline,
synopsis, precis]
2. a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance. E.g.: he loved her
only in the abstract--not in person [Syn: abstraction]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
abstract x abstract x
abstraction
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x abstractly x
_________________________________________________________________

accurate
[ækjɜrət]
adj
1. conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing
with total accuracy. E.g.: an accurate reproduction, the accounting was
accurate, accurate measurements, an accurate scale
n (thing) verb adj opposite
accuracy x accurate inaccuracy
inaccurate
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x accurately x
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: great accuracy, accurate assessment, accurate description, accurate
information, accurate measurement, accurate picture, accurate record.

88
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

acknowledge
[æknɑlɪdʒ]
verb
1. declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of. E.g.: She
acknowledged that she might have forgotten [Syn: admit]
2. express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for. E.g.: We must acknowledge the
kindness she showed towards us [Syn: recognize, recognise]
3. express recognition of the presence or existence of, or acquaintance with. E.g.:
It is important to acknowledge the work of others in [Syn: notice]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
acknowledgement acknowledge x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x acknowledged x x
acknowledges
acknowledging
_________________________________________________________________

aggregate
[ægrəgət]
adj
1. gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole. E.g.: aggregate expenses
include expenses of all divisions combined for the entire year, the
aggregated amount of indebtedness [Syn: aggregated, aggregative, mass]
verb
1. gather in a mass, sum, or whole. [Syn: combine]
noun
1. the whole amount. [Syn: sum, total, totality]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
aggregate aggregate aggregate x
aggregation
n (person) verb forms adv other
x aggregated x x
aggregates
aggregating

89
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

allocate
[æləkeɪt]

verb
1. distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose. [Syn: apportion]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

allocation allocate x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x allocated x x
allocates
allocating

_________________________________________________________________

assign
[əsaɪn]

verb
1. give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to (a person). [Syn:
delegate, designate, depute]
2. select something or someone for a specific purpose. E.g.: The teacher assigned
him to lead his classmates in the exercise [Syn: specify, set apart]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

assignment assign assigned unassigned

n (person) verb forms adv other

x assigned x reassign
assigning
assigns

90
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

attach
[ətætʃ]

verb
1. be attached; be in contact with.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

attachment attach attached unattached
n (person) verb forms adv other
x attached x x
attaches
attaching
_________________________________________________________________

author
[ɔθɜr]

verb
1. be the author of. E.g.: She authored this play

noun
1. someone who writes (books or stories or articles or the like), especially
professionally (for pay). [Syn: writer]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

authorship author x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
author authored x x
authoring
authors

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: first author, original author.

91
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

bond
[bɑnd]

verb
1. create social or emotional ties. E.g.: The grandparents want to bond with the
child [Syn: bind, tie, attach]
2. stick to firmly. [Syn: adhere, hold fast, bind, stick, stick to]

noun
1. a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest. E.g.: their
friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them [Syn: alliance]
2. the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of
surfaces of different composition. [Syn: adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

bond bond x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x bonded x x
bonding
bonds

92
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

brief
[brif]

adj
1. of short duration or distance. E.g.: a brief stay in the country [Syn: little]
2. concise and succinct. E.g.: covered the matter in a brief statement

verb
1. give essential information to someone. E.g.: The reporters were briefed about
the President's plan to invade

noun
1. a condensed written summary or abstract.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

brevity brief brief x
brief
briefing

n (person) verb forms adv other

x briefed briefly x
briefing
briefs

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: brief account, brief description, brief discussion, brief history, brief
introduction, brief overview, brief period, brief review, brief summary, brief
time.
adv+v: briefly describe, briefly discuss.

93
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

capable
[keɪpəbəl]

adj
1. (usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability. E.g.: capable of winning,
capable of hard work, capable of walking on two feet
2. have the skills and qualifications to do things well. E.g.: a capable
administrator, children as young as 14 can be extremely capable and
dependable [Syn: able]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

capability x capable incapable

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

_________________________________________________________________

cite
[saɪt]

verb
1. refer to. [Syn: reference]
2. repeat a passage from. [Syn: quote]
3. refer to for illustration or proof. [Syn: quote]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

citation cite x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x cited x x
cites
citing

94
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

cooperate
[koʊɑpɜreɪt]

verb
1. work together on a common enterprise of project. [Syn: collaborate, join forces,
get together]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
cooperation cooperate cooperative x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x cooperated cooperatively co-operate
cooperates co-operation
cooperating co-operative
_________________________________________________________________

discriminate
[dɪskrɪməneɪt]

adj
1. marked by the ability to see or make fine distinctions. E.g.: discriminate
judgments, discriminate people [Syn: discriminating]

verb
1. distinguish. E.g.: I could not discriminate the different tastes in this
complicated dish
2. treat differently on the basis of sex or race. [Syn: separate, single out]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
discrimination discriminate discriminate x
discriminating
n (person) verb forms adv other
x discriminated x x
discriminates
discriminating

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: positive discrimination, racial discrimination.
95
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

display
[dɪspleɪ]
verb
1. to show, make visible or apparent. E.g.: National leaders will have to display
the highest skills of statesmanship [Syn: expose, exhibit]
noun
1. a visual representation of something. [Syn: presentation]
2. something shown to the public. [Syn: exhibit, showing]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
display display x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x displayed x x
displaying
displays
_________________________________________________________________

diverse
[daɪvɜrs]
adj
1. distinctly dissimilar or unlike. E.g.: diverse parts of the country, celebrities
as diverse as Bob Hope and Bob Dylan [Syn: various]
2. many and different. E.g.: a person of diverse talents [Syn: divers]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
diversification diversify diverse x
diversity diversified
n (person) verb forms adv other
x diversified diversely x
diversifies
diversifying
Collocations from the ACL
adj+n: (a) diverse range (of), diverse background, diverse group, cultural diversity,
ethnic diversity, great diversity.

96
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

domain
[doʊmeɪn]

noun
1. a particular environment or walk of life. [Syn: sphere, area, orbit, field, arena]
2. a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about.
E.g.: it was a limited domain of discourse [Syn: region, realm]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

domain x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

_________________________________________________________________

edit
[edət]

verb
1. supervise the publication of. E.g.: The same family has been editing the
influential newspaper for almost 100 years
2. prepare for publication or presentation by correcting, revising, or adapting.
E.g.: she edited the letters of the politician so as to omit the most personal
passages [Syn: redact]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

edition edit edited x
editorial editorial

n (person) verb forms adv other

editor edited x x
editing
edits

97
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

enhance
[enhæns]

verb
1. increase. E.g.: This will enhance your enjoyment [Syn: heighten, raise]
2. make better or more attractive. E.g.: This sauce will enhance the flavor of the
meat

n (thing) verb adj opposite

enhancement enhance enhanced x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x enhanced x x
enhances
enhancing

Collocations from the ACL

v+n: enhance learning, enhance performance.
_________________________________________________________________

estate
[esteɪt]

noun
1. extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for
his own use. E.g.: the family owned a large estate on Long Island [Syn: land,
landed estate, acres, demesne]
2. everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal
property) and liabilities.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

estate x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x

98
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

exceed
[ɪksid]

verb
1. go beyond. E.g.: She exceeded our expectations [Syn: transcend, overstep, pass,
go past, top]
2. be or do something to a greater degree. E.g.: This exceeds all my expectations
[Syn: surpass, outstrip, outmatch, outgo, outdo, surmount, outperform]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

x exceed exceeding x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x exceeded x x
exceeding
exceeds

_________________________________________________________________

expert
[ekspɜrt]

adj
1. having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude. E.g.: an expert job [Syn:
adept, good, practiced, proficient, skillful, skilful]

noun
1. a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

expertise x expert x

n (person) verb forms adv other

expert x expertly x

99
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

explicit
[ɪksplɪsət]

adj
1. precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable; leaving nothing to
implication. E.g.: explicit instructions, she made her wishes explicit,
explicit sexual scenes [Syn: expressed]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

x x explicit x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x explicitly x

_________________________________________________________________

federal
[fedɜrəl]

adj
1. of or relating to the central government of a federation. E.g.: a federal district
is one set aside as the seat of the national government
2. characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is
divided between one central and several regional authorities. E.g.: a federal
system like that of the United States, federal governments often evolved
out of confederations

n (thing) verb adj opposite

federation x federal x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: federal agency, federal government, federal state.
100
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

fee
[fi]

noun
1. a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

fee x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

_________________________________________________________________

flexible
[fleksəbəl]

adj
1. bending and snapping back readily without breaking.
2. able to adjust readily to different conditions. E.g.: a flexible personality [Syn:
elastic, pliable, pliant]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

flexibility x flexible inflexibility
inflexible

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: greater flexibility, flexible approach.

101
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

furthermore
[fɜrðɜrmɔr]

adv
1. in addition. E.g.: computer chess games are getting cheaper all the time;
furthermore, their quality is improving [Syn: moreover, what is more]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

x x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x furthermore x

_________________________________________________________________

gender
[dʒendɜr]

noun
1. the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive
roles. [Syn: sex, sexuality]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

gender x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

Collocations from the ACL

n+n: gender equality, gender stereotype.

102
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

ignorant
[ɪgnɜrənt]

adj
1. lacking information or knowledge. [Syn: unknowledgeable, unknowing, unwitting]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

ignorance ignore ignorant x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x ignored x x
ignores
ignoring

_________________________________________________________________

incentive
[ɪnsentɪv]

noun
1. an additional payment (or other remuneration) to employees as a means of
increasing output. [Syn: bonus]
2. a positive motivational influence. [Syn: inducement, motivator]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

incentive x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

103
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

incidence
[ɪnsədəns]

noun
1. the relative frequency of occurrence of something. [Syn: relative incidence]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

incidence x incident x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x incidentally x

_________________________________________________________________

incorporate
[ɪnkɔrpɜreɪt]

verb
1. include or contain; have as a component. [Syn: contain, comprise]
2. unite or merge with something already in existence. E.g.: incorporate this
document with those pertaining to the same case
3. make into a whole or make part of a whole. E.g.: She incorporated his
suggestions into her proposal [Syn: integrate]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

incorporation incorporate incorporated x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x incorporated x x
incorporates
incorporating

104
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

index
[ɪndeks]

verb
1. provide with an index. E.g.: index the book

noun
1. a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some
reference number.
2. an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where
they are discussed.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

index index x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x indexed x x
indexes
indexing
_________________________________________________________________

inhibit
[ɪnhɪbət]

verb
1. limit the range or extent of. E.g.: Contact between the young was inhibited
by strict social customs

n (thing) verb adj opposite

inhibition inhibit inhibited x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x inhibited x x
inhibiting
inhibits

105
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

initiate
[ɪnɪʃieɪt]

verb
1. bring into being. E.g.: He initiated a new program [Syn: originate, start]
2. take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of. [Syn: pioneer]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

initiation initiate initiative x
initiative

n (person) verb forms adv other

initiator initiated x x
initiates
initiating

_________________________________________________________________

input
[ɪnpʊt]

noun
1. any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action. [Syn: stimulation,
stimulus, stimulant]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

input x x x
inputs

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

106
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

instruct
[ɪnstrʌkt]

verb
1. give instructions or directions for some task. E.g.: She instructed the students
to work on their pronunciation

n (thing) verb adj opposite

instruction instruct instructive x
instructions

n (person) verb forms adv other

instructor instructed x x
instructing
instructs

_________________________________________________________________

intelligent
[ɪntelədʒənt]

adj
1. having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degree. E.g.: is
there intelligent life in the universe?, an intelligent question
2. exercising or showing good judgment. E.g.: an intelligent solution [Syn:
healthy, levelheaded, sound]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

intelligence x intelligent unintelligent

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x intelligently x

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: artificial intelligence, emotional intelligence.
107
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

interval
[ɪntɜrvəl]

noun
1. a definite length of time marked off by two instants. [Syn: time interval]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

interval x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

_________________________________________________________________

lecture
[lektʃɜr]

verb
1. deliver a lecture or talk. E.g.: Did you ever lecture at Harvard? [Syn: talk]

noun
1. a speech that is open to the public. E.g.: he attended a lecture on
telecommunications [Syn: public lecture, talk]
2. teaching by giving a discourse on some subject (typically to a class). [Syn:
lecturing]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

lecture lecture x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

lecturer lectured x x
lectures
lecturing

108
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

migrate
[maɪgreɪt]
verb
1. move from one country or region to another and settle there. E.g.: Many
Germans migrated to South America in the mid-19th century, This tribe
transmigrated many times over the centuries [Syn: transmigrate]
2. move periodically or seasonally. E.g.: birds migrate in the Winter, The
worker migrate to where the crops need harvesting

n (thing) verb adj opposite

migration migrate migrant x
migratory
n (person) verb forms adv other
migrant migrated x x
migrates
migrating
_________________________________________________________________

minimum
[mɪnəməm]
adj
1. the least possible. E.g.: minimum wage [Syn: minimal]

noun
1. the smallest possible quantity. [Syn: lower limit]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

minimum x minimum x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x x x

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: minimum level, minimum requirement, minimum standard, minimum
value, minimum wage.
109
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

ministry
[mɪnəstri]

noun
1. a government department under the direction of a minister.
2. building where the business of a government ministry is transacted.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

ministry x ministerial x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

_________________________________________________________________

motive
[moʊtɪv]

noun
1. the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired
goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to
behavior. E.g.: he acted with the best of motives [Syn: motivation, need]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

motivation motivate motivated unmotivated
motive motivating

n (person) verb forms adv other

x motivated x x
motivates
motivating

110
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

neutral
[nutrəl]

adj
1. of no distinctive quality or characteristics or type.
2. having no net electric charge; not electrified. [Syn: electroneutral]
3. not supporting or favoring either side in a war, dispute, or contest.

noun
1. one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

neutralisation neutralise neutral x
neutrality neutralize
neutralization
n (person) verb forms adv other
neutral neutralised / -ized x x
neutralises / -izes
neutralising / -izing
_________________________________________________________________

nevertheless
[nevɜrðəles]

adv
1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession). E.g.: while we
disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed [Syn: however, withal, still, yet,
all the same, even so, nonetheless, notwithstanding]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

x x x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x nevertheless x

111
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

overseas
[oʊvɜrsiz]
adv
1. beyond or across the sea. E.g.: He lived overseas for many years [Syn: oversea]

adj
1. being or passing over or across the sea. E.g.: some overseas trade in grain
arose [Syn: oversea]
2. in a foreign country. E.g.: overseas markets [Syn: abroad]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

x x overseas x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x x overseas x
_________________________________________________________________

precede
[prɪsid]
verb
1. come before. E.g.: Most English adjectives precede the noun they modify
[Syn: predate]
2. be earlier in time; go back further. E.g.: Stone tools precede bronze tools [Syn:
predate, forego, antecede, antedate]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

precedence precede precedent unprecedented
precedent preceding
n (person) verb forms adv other
x preceded x x
precedes
preceding

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: preceding chapter, preceding discussion, preceding section.
112
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

presume
[prɪzum]

verb
1. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof. [Syn:
assume, take for granted]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

presumption presume presumptuous x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x presumed presumably x
presumes
presuming

_________________________________________________________________

rational
[ræʃənəl]

adj
1. consistent with or based on or using reason. E.g.: rational behavior, a process
of rational inference, rational thought

n (thing) verb adj opposite

rationalisation rationalise rational irrational
rationalism rationalize
rationality
rationalization

n (person) verb forms adv other

x rationalised / -ized rationally x
rationalises / -izes
rationalising / -izing

113
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

recover
[rɪkʌvɜr]

verb
1. get or find back; recover the use of. [Syn: retrieve, find, regain]
2. get over an illness or shock. [Syn: recuperate, convalesce]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

recovery recover recoverable x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x recovered x x
recovering
recovers

_________________________________________________________________

reveal
[rɪvil]

verb
1. make clear and visible. E.g.: The article revealed the policies of the
government [Syn: display, show]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

revelation reveal x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x revealed x x
revealing
reveals

114
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

scope
[skoʊp]

noun
1. the state of the environment in which a situation exists. [Syn: setting,
background]
2. a magnifier of images of distant objects. [Syn: telescope]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

scope x x x

n (person) verb forms adv other

x x x x

_________________________________________________________________

subsidy
[sʌbsɪdi]

noun
1. a grant paid by a government to an enterprise that benefits the public. E.g.: a
subsidy for research in artificial intelligence

n (thing) verb adj opposite

subsidiary subsidise subsidiary x
subsidy subsidize subsidised
subsidized

n (person) verb forms adv other

x subsidised / -ized x x
subsidises / -izes
subsidising / -izing

115
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

tape
[teɪp]
verb
1. fasten or attach with tape. E.g.: tape the shipping label to the box
2. record on videotape. [Syn: videotape]
noun
1. a recording made on magnetic tape. E.g.: the several recordings were
combined on a master tape [Syn: tape recording, taping]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
tape tape x x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x taped x x
tapes
taping
_________________________________________________________________

trace
[treɪs]
verb
1. copy by following the lines of the original drawing on a transparent sheet
placed upon it; make a tracing of. E.g.: trace a design, trace a pattern
2. follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something. E.g.:
trace the student's progress [Syn: follow]
noun
1. a just detectable amount. E.g.: he speaks French with a trace of an accent
[Syn: hint, suggestion]
2. an indication that something has been present. E.g.: there wasn't a trace of
evidence for the claim [Syn: vestige, tincture, shadow]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
trace trace traceable x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x traced x x
traces
tracing
116
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Sheldon Smith

transform
[trænsfɔrm]

verb
1. change or alter in form, appearance, or nature. E.g.: This experience
transformed her completely, She transformed the clay into a beautiful
sculpture [Syn: transmute, transubstantiate]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
transformation transform transformed x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x transformed x x
transforming
transforms

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: radical transformation, social transformation, undergo transformation.
_________________________________________________________________

transport
[trænspɔrt]

verb
1. move something or somebody around; usually over long distances.

noun
1. something that serves as a means of transportation. [Syn: conveyance]
2. the commercial enterprise of transporting goods and materials. [Syn:
transportation, shipping]
n (thing) verb adj opposite
transport transport x x
transportation
n (person) verb forms adv other
transporter transported x x
transporting
transports

117
Buyer: Aida Mammadova ([email protected])
Transaction ID: st-ch_1HEUftFBjZvp9CXQy38SvG1i

Unlock the Academic Word List: Sublists 4-6

underlie
[ʌndɜrlaɪ]

verb
1. be or form the base for.

n (thing) verb adj opposite

x underlie underlying x
n (person) verb forms adv other
x underlay x x
underlies
underlying

Collocations from the ACL

adj+n: underlying assumption, underlying cause, underlying principle, underlying
process, underlying reason, underlying structure.
_________________________________________________________________

utilise
verb
1. put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or
for its inherent or natural purpose. [Syn: use, utilize, apply, employ]

n (thing) verb adj opposite

utilisation utilise x x
utility utilize
utilization
n (person) verb forms adv other
utiliser utilised / -ized x x
utilises / -izes
utilising / -izing

118