Mathematics 8: Learning Module 1
Mathematics 8: Learning Module 1
1st QUARTER
LEARNING MODULE 1
SY 2021-2022
MATHEMATICS 8
AUGUST 23-27
Module 1 Quarter 1
FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
While soccer is the world’s most popular sport, basketball is no. 1 in the Philippines
Pilipinas, the Philippine national men’s basketball team for elite level tournaments since 2010, has
brought honor and pride to the country.
Basketball is a wat of life for Filipinos. It is widely played from the grass roots level
upwards. Inter-school and inter-barangay basketball leagues are common place and quite popular in the
country.
One of the applications of this lesson is determining the numbers of games played by
a team in a basketball leage of x teams.
At the end of this module, you will be able to answer the following questions:
a. How are products of polynomials expressed as factors?
b. What steps are followed in common monomial factoring and factoring by grouping?
c. How are polynomials of the forms x 2 + Bx + C factored?
d. How factoring done on perfect square trinomials, difference of two squares, and sum or
difference of two squares, and sum or difference of two cubes?
COMPETENCIES (MELCs):
At the end of the lessons, the learner is able to
1. Recall the laws of exponents and special products
2. Illustrate the different steps to factor polynomial
3. Factors completely different types of polynomials (polynomials with common monomial
factor, difference of two squares, sum and difference of two cubes, perfect square
trinomials and general trinomials).
4. Solves problems involving factors of polynomials
2
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
MODULE MAP
FACTORING
POLYNOMIALS
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
In these lessons, you shall be able to:
1. Factor completely different types of polynomials (polynomials with common monomial factor,
difference of two squares, sum and difference of two cubes, perfect square trinomials and
general trinomials).
PRE-ASSESSMENT:
To prepare you in studying the lesson, let’s find out what have you learned so far in your
previous Mathematics class.
Determine the product of the following:
1. (6 + 3z¿2
2. (3a – 2b)(3a + 2b)
3. (m 2 + 3m - 11¿2
4. (x +10¿2
5. (6x – 2y¿2
If you have answered them correctly, then you are ready for the lesson that you will be studying
in this module.
LESSON PROPER:
A. EXPLORE
The Meaning of Factoring
In Grade 7, you learned how to multiply polynomials and find special products. Your knowledge
of special products will be very useful in factoring polynomial.
What are the possible dimensions of a rectangle whose area is 12sq units? 18sq units?
A=12sq units A= 18sq units
l = 12
w=1
l - 18
w=1
3
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
l=6
w=2 l=9
w=2
12 and 1are factor pairs of 12. Other factor pairs of
12, including negatice numbers, are:
6 and 2, 4 and 3 , -12 and -1, -6 and -2, and -4 and -3.
The factor pairs of 18 are: 18 and 1, 9 and 2, 6 and 3, -18 and -1, -9 and -2, -6 and -3.
Example 1: What are the possible dimensions of a rectangle whose areas are
a. x 2−4 x? b. x 2+ 6 x+ 8
w=x−4
Solutions:
A=x2 −4 x
w=x +4
x 1 11 1
The length of the rectangle is x +4. Its
b. width is x +2.
x2 −x −x −x −x ( x +4 ) and ( x +2) are factors of
w=x +2 x 2+ 6 x+ 8.
x 1 1 1 1
x 1 1 1 1
A=x2 +6 x +8
product factors
Factoring a polynomial means writing it as a product of the polynomials. It is the reverse process of
multiplication.
x 2+ 6 x+ 8 = ( x +4 )( x+2)
product factors
4
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
Any polynomial that cannot be rwitteh as the product of two other polynomials, except 1 and -1,
is said to be prime. A polynomial is said to be factored completely when it has been written as a product
consisting only of prime factors.
B. FIRM-UP
Types of Factoring
a) Common Monomial Factoring
-Common monomial factoring is the reverse of multiplying a polynomial by a monomial.
Let’s recall the process of multiplying a polynomial by a monomial.
CAPSULE REVIEW
2 1
Multiply. a. 5 x 2( 3 x 2−xy −6 y 2) b. −3 y ( y + y−4)
3
Solution: Use the distributive property.
a. 5 x 2 ( 3 x 2−xy−6 y 2 ) ¿ 3 x 2 ( 5 x 2 )−xy ( 5 x2 ) −6 y 2 (5 x 2 )
¿ 15 x 4−5 x 3 y −30 x2 y 2
2 1 2 1
b. −3 y ( y + y−4) ¿ y (−3 y ) + y (−3 y )−4(−3 y)
3 3
Let us look for the common monomial factor present in a polynomial and write the polynomial in
factored form.
Example 2: Factor.
a. 2 x+10 c. 3 x 3−12 x 2−9 x
b. −8 m−12
Solutions:
COMMON
REMAINING
POLYOMIAL MONOMIAL FACTORED FORM
FACTOR
FACTOR
a. 2 x+10 2 x +5 2(x +5)
b. −8 m−12 -4 2 m+ 3 −4(2 m+3)
c. 3 x 3−12 x 2−9 x 3x x 2−4 x−3 3x( x 2−4 x−3 ¿
d. y 5 + y 3 y3 y 2 +1 y 3 ( y 2 +1)
Note that when we factor, we are looking for the greatest common factor (GCF). For example, in
−8 m−12, -2 is a common factor, but -4 is the GCF, so we use -4. Similarly, in y 5 + y 3, y and y 2 are
common factors, but y 3is the GCF. Hence, we use y 3 .
Solution: xy +3 x + 6 y +18
FACTORING BY GROUPING
1. Rearrange the terms so that the first two terms have a common factor and the second two
terms have a common factor.
2. Remove the common factor form each pair of terms.
3. If the two parentheses have common factor, write the expression as a product of this common
factor and the remaining factor.
Example 6: Determine whether these are perfect square trinomials. If yes, factor the trinomial.
a. x 2−6 x +9 b. x 6 +8 x 3+64
Solution: a. x 2−6 x +9 Yes. The first and last terms are perfect squares.
The middle term is twice the product of the values
xx −3−3 that were squared.
2 ( x ) (−3 ) =−6 x
Thus, x 2−6 x +9=¿
Here are the steps in factoring the sum and difference of two cubes.
To find the binomial factor:
Get the cube roots of each term of the binomial and write it as sum or difference.
To find the trinomial factor:
The first term of the trinomial is the square of the first term of the binomial 7 factor,
The second
Charity
term of the trinomial
Obedience Universal
is COURAGE
positive or negative
CORE VALUES
Recollection
product Grace
Accountability
of the first and the last terms
Environmental
of the binomial
Mathematics 8 factor, and Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
The last term of the trinomial is the square of the last term of the binomial factor.
(a 3−b3 ¿=(a−b) ¿
Example 7: State whether each expression is a sum or difference of two cubes.
a. 8 x 3−1 b. x 6 y 4 +64
Solution: a. The first term is a cube. 8 x 3−1=¿
The second term is cube
This is a difference of two cubes
b. The first term is NOT a cube since the exponent of y is not a multiple of 3.
This is NOT a sum of two cubes.
Example 8: Factor.
a. x 3−8
¿¿
¿ ( x−2 ) ¿
¿( x −2)( x 2 +2 x + 4)
(More examples can be found on your book, Practical Math 8, pp.26-28)
PROCESS QUESTION/S:
How is factoring related to multiplying?
How do you check if the factors of an expression are correct?
When do you say thst a polynomial is in completely factored form?
C. DEEPEN
Application of Special Product and Factoring
The photo shows the thin ring that is the cross-section of the pipe.
Write the area of the cross-section as an expression in completely
factored form.
outer inner
2
¿ 4 π −πr
= π (4−r 2)
¿ π (2−r ) (2+r )
The pioe’s cross-sectional are is π ( 2−r ) (2+r ).
8
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
Example 9: The side of a square steel plate measuresx cm. A machine will cut a small square of steel
from the larger steel. Write an expression from the remaining area in factored from.
Solution: Remaining area = area of the big square – area of small square
¿ x 2−25 5 cm
¿( x −5)( x +5)
x 7
D. TRANSFER
POLYNOMIAL – is a finite sum of terms each of which is a real number or the product of a
numerical factor and one or more variable factor raised to a whole – number powers.
SUMMARY:
After completion of this module the students must have realized that factor of different
products can be obtained through the use of different patterns and rules. They should already
learned the different types of factoring such as: (1) Factoring by greatest common monomial
factor, (2) Factoring difference of two squares, (3) Factoring perfect square trinomials, (4)
Factoring general trinomials, (5) Factoring the sum or difference of two cubes, and (6)
Factoring by grouping. 9
COURAGE CORE VALUES
AndCharity
at this point studentUniversal
Obedience must already understand
Recollection and used the
Accountability Graceconcepts of factoring in
Environmental
Mathematics
the context of8 real – life situations. Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
POST-ASSESSMENT:
A. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
__1. Give the product of (2x + 3y)(2x – 3y).
a. 2 x2 −3 y 2 c. 4 x2 −9 y 2
b. 4 x2 +12 xy−9 y 2 d. 4 x2 −12 xy −9 y 2
__2. The binomial x 2− y 2 is a ____.
a. Square of the difference
b. Difference of two squares
c. Squares of a binomial
d. Product of two squares
__3. Factor completely m4 −16.
a. (m + 2)(m – 2)(m2 +4 ¿
b. (m + 2)(m + 2)(m – 2)(m – 2)
c. (m 2+ 4)(m + 2)(m + 2)
d. (m + 2)(m – 2)(m – 2)(m – 2)
__4. Factor x 4 −25.
a. ( x 2+ 5¿ (x 2+5) c. ( x 2+ 5¿ (x 2−5)
b. (x + 5)(x – 5) d. ( x 4 + 5)( x 4 −5¿
__5. Factor y 2 +6 y−16.
a. (y + 4)(y – 4) c. (y + 16)(y – 1)
b. (y – 8)(y + 2) d. (y – 2)(y + 8)
B. Factor completely.
1. a 2−6 a−16
2. m2−6 m−40
3. 2 x 3+ 6 x2 −20 x
REFERENCES:
Fisico, Misael Jose S., Sia, Lucy O., et’al (1995). 21st Century Mathematics:
First Year. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,
10
COURAGE CORE VALUES
Charity Obedience Universal Recollection Accountability Grace Environmental
Mathematics 8 Jubie Ann L. Espenilla
Colegio de Sto. Tomas-Recoletos, Inc.
DepEd-FAPE/PEAC Certified School
DOJ-Bureau of Immigration Accredited School
Azcona St., San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel. Nos. 312-5242 & 312-5220 Telefax No. 729-9169
SUBJECT
ST
1 QUARTER
LEARNING MODULE 1
ANSWER SHEET
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