SAINT JOSEPH COLLEGE, MAASIN

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City,
Southern Leyte, Philippines 6600

MATH 10
1stQuarter
Week 1

Prepared by:

HAYEENA ROSE S. FABRUADA LPT

Subject Teacher
Before you start, say this short prayer.
Lord Jesus, I give you my hands to do your work. I give you my feet to go your way.
I give you my eyes to see as you do. I give you my tongue to speak your words. I give you
my mind that you may think in me. I give you my spirit that you may pray in me. Above
all, I give you my heart that you may love in me your Father and all mankind. I give you
my whole self that you may grow in me, so that it is you, Lord Jesus, who live and work
and pray in me.

Generates patterns. M10AL-Ia-1

Lesson 1
Sequences and Series

Discussion:

The image above is the result of joining the diagonals of a regular polygon. The
diagonals of any regular polygon are formed by joining any two of its nonconsecutive
vertices. The number of diagonals, which is related to the number of vertices, follows a
sequence.

Think about these….

 o When does a pattern become a sequence?
o How is sequence different from a series?
o What is the difference between an arithmetic sequence an
geometric sequence?
o In what fields do we find applications of sequences and series?
o How is a harmonic sequence elated to an arithmetic sequence?
o How did the Fibonacci sequence begin?

Study the number of dots in each figure.

 Does the number of dots in the figures illustrate a pattern?

 What patterns of numbers do you observe?
 Can you guess he number of dots that will appear in the next
figure?
 Can you derive a rule on how to determine the number of dots in
the next figure?
Sequence

A sequence, denoted by {a n}, is a function whose domain is the set of positive

integers or a finite subset of positive integers. It is an ordered set of numbers formed
according to some pattern or rule. The pattern is based on how each number affects the
previous number. The number of dots presented is an example of a sequence because the
number of dots follows a certain pattern or rule.

The elements of the sequence {a 1, a 2, a 3, a a−1,... a n} are called the terms in the
sequence. The nth term of a sequence is represented by a n, such that the first term is
denoted by a 1, the second term is denoted by a 2, the third term by a 3, and so on.

For instance, in the sequence {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, 3 is the first term a 1,, 4 is the second
term (a 2 ), 5 is the third term (a 3), and so on. In symbols,

a1 = 3
a2 = 4
a3 = 5
a 4= 6
a5 = 7
Study the following examples.
Example 1:

a. Find a 5, a 6, and a 7 of the sequence described by f(n)={1, 4, 9, 16, a 5, a 6, a 7 }

b. Given a sequence defined by f(n)={2, 4, 6, 8, a 5, a 6, a 7, a 8,}, find a 6, a 7, a 8,.

Solution:
a. List all the terms in the sequence.

Notice that the terms in the sequence are perfect squares. Hence, you can
establish a rule that the sequence is a function whose terms are the squares of
the elements in the set of positive integers. So,
a 5 = 25
a 6 = 36
a 7 = 49

b. Observe that f(n) is a set of positive even integers. Given that a 1 = 2, a 2= 4,

a 3= 6, and a 4 = 8, it follows that a 5= 10. Thus,
a 6 = 12
a 7= 14
a 8= 16
Example 2:

Generate the first 5 terms of the sequence defined by t(n) = {21n }

Solution:
This time, the rule or pattern is given. In order to generate the terms of the
sequence, simply substitute the first 5 numbers in the domain or n = {1, 2, 3, 4,
5}. So,
 1 1 1 1 1
Therefore, the first 5 terms of the sequence are , , , , and .
2 4 6 8 10
Example 3:

Given the sequence described by p(n) = {2n + 3}, what are the terms between a 1
and a 5?

Solution:
In order to determine the terms between a1 and a5, first, list all 5 terms
of the sequence. Take note of the order of the terms in the sequence a 1, a 2, a3a 3,
a 4, and a 5.
The first 5 terms are as follows:

The terms between a 1 and a 5are a 2, a 3, and a 4. Hence, the terms between
a 1 and a 5are 7, 9, and 11.
Example 4:
Find the sixth term of the sequence if the first 4 terms are 3, 6, 12, 24, ….
Solution:
 The values of the first 4 terms are a 1 = 3, a 2 = 6, a 3 = 12, and a 4 = 24. Observe
how a 2, a 3, and a 4 are obtained. To get a 2, a 1 is multiplied by 2; to get a 3, a 2 is
multiplied by 2; and to get a 4, a 3 is also multiplied by 2. So, multiplying a 4 = 24
by 2, a 5 is equal to 48. Hence, doing the same rule, a 6 = 96.

Practice yourself!
1. Do what is asked in each item.
a. Generate the first 7 terms of the sequence defined by a n = 3n + 5.
b. Find a 7 in the sequence {3, 6, 9, …}.
c. Find the missing terms in the sequence 4, ___, ____, 10.

2. When does a pattern become a sequence?

______________________________________________________________
______________ .

SERIES

A series, denoted by Sn, is the sum of the first n terms in a given sequence. So, the sum
of the first 5 terms is denoted by S5, the sum of the first 3 terms is S3, and so on. Hence,
Sn = a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + … + a n
Consider the examples below
.Example 5:
a. Find the sum of the first 4 terms in the sequence h(n) = {0, 1, 4, 9, 16}
b. Find the sum of the first 5 terms in the sequence f(n) = {2, 4, 6, 8, …}.
c. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the sequence p(n) = 2n + 3.
Solution:

a. Using the formula Sn = a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + … + a n ,where n = 4, a 1 = 0, a 2 = 1, a 3= 4,

anda 4= 9

S4 = a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 S 4 = 0 + 1 + 4 + 9 S4 = 14

Therefore, the sum of the first 4 terms is 14.

b. There are only four terms provided in the sequence but the problem is asking for the
sum of the first 5 terms. In this case, you need to find first the 5th term a 5.

Notice that the sequence is a set of positive even integers. So to get the next
number, simply add 2 to the previous number.
 a5 = a4 + 2 a 5= 8 + 2 a 5= 10

You can now find the sum of the first 5 terms using the formula

S5 = a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + a 4 + a 5

Substituting the given values,

S5 = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10

S5 = 30

Therefore, the sum of the first 5 terms is 30.

c. The values of the terms are not given. You have to generate them first.

Finding the sum of the first 5 terms of the sequence,

Therefore, the sum of the first 5 terms is 45

Practice by answering the following:

1. Do what is asked
 a. Find the sum of the first 8 terms in the sequence a n = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …}.

b. Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the sequence defined by a n = 3n2 – 1.

2. What is the difference between a sequence and a series?

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ .

Activity
Performance Task:
Answer on your Workbook, Unit I, Worksheet 1: pp. 2-5
Take a picture of your answer and send it through messenger. Deadline next week.

Thank You
~God bless to you and your family~