Chapter I

Introduction

Challenge encounter by Bureau of Jail and Management Prison (BJMP) San Jose,
Occidental Mindoro in the implementation of Health Protocols

People deprived of their liberty, such as people in prisons and other places of detention,
they are likely to be more vulnerable to various disease like (COVID-19) especially during this
pandemic. They are more possibility of infection than the general population because of the
confined conditions in which they live together for prolonged periods. Moreover, experience
shows that prisons, jails and similar settings where people are gathered in proximity may act as a
source of infection, amplification and spread of infectious diseases within and beyond prisons.
Because of the upward trend in the national prison population, which is aggravated by the
deplorable structural condition of the corrections facilities, there has been a public expression of
heightened fears that the spaces occupied by the PDLs may soon emerge as the epicenter of the
COVID-19 infection (Santos, 2020).

 There is no codified treatment that has been discovered to cure the infection but
authorities have long distinguished the importance of physical distancing as one of the
approaches to prevent the virus transmission. However, in closed environments of corrections
facilities such as jails, prisons, detention centre, and community corrections, people have no
option but to share inadequate spaces and spend most of their time locked in the cells. Thus, the
recommended physical distance is almost an impossible measure in these areas plagued by
structural challenges. When one is exposed to the virus, the entire corrections facilities become
fragile grounds of concentrated infections.(Michael B. Cahapay, October 1, 2020). Under Article
10 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, that provides for the respect for
the essential dignity of the human person. Under this article gives us rights to be threatened in a
human way even a convicted person shall be treat in a right way. As a background for the term
based on the Mandela rule, prisoners shall be called PDLs who, under the guideline of the United
Nations, are entitled to minimum humanitarian treatment (Echeminada, 2017).
 The importance of the study is to find out what the condition of our inmates is in their
respective cells and their facility location. Want to know what are the measures implemented in
their facility as prevention of infectious covid-19 disease or in such periods of pandemic.Prison
overcrowding, health care, racism, gang activity, privatization, assaults and more, are just a few
of the problems that face prisons today. Overcrowded in detention may cause a lot of diseases
specially the spread of Covid disease.

Statement of the problem

This study aimed to determine the profile of the respondents and Challenges encountered
by BJMP San Jose, Occidental Mindoro in the implementation of health protocol

1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Years in service

2. What are the challenges experienced by BJMP personnel in terms of:

a. Health protocol;

b. Wearing of mask; and

c. Hygiene

3. What is the relationship of the profile of the respondent in the implementation of health
protocols of BJMP personnel in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.
 Objective of the Study

This study intended to accomplish the following objectives:

1. To determine the profile of the respondent in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Years in service

2. To determine challenges experienced by BJMP personnel in terms of:

a. Health protocol;

b. Wearing of mask; and

c. Hygiene

3. To determine the relationship of the profile of the respondent in the implementation of health
protocols of BJMP personnel in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.

Significance of the Study

The researcher undertook this study to benefit the following sector:

To BJMP, this study serves as their guide to at least improve

To Future Researchers, towards the end of the conduct of thorough evaluation of the data
gathered by the researchers, they are be able to find out the challenges faced by the BJMP in the
implementation of health protocols. Furthermore, this serves as a basis for the future related
study.
 Scope and Limitation

This study will focus in San Jose Occidental Mindoro. The qualitative method of research
will be used in this study. The respondents of this study will be the Jail officers and PDL in San
Jose BJMP, Occidental Mindoro.

Theoretical Framework

This study founded on the theory of Health Believes by U.S. Public Health Service
( 1950).  This theory tells about the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or
screening tests for the early detection of disease, this model shows on what would be the
possibly effect if the health of ones will not immediately cured.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual frame of this study is illustrated in paradigm in figure 1.

This served as a guideline in the conduct of the study. The first box is the independent
variable that presents in terms of age, sex, and years in service and the second box that is
connected by an arrow is the dependent variable which is the Challenges encountered by BJMP
San Jose, Occidental Mindoro in the implementation of health protocol.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Profile of respondents Challenges encountered by

BJMP- The National Jail Management and Penology Training Institute (NJMPTI) serves as the
training institution for Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) uniformed personnel.

Health protocol-  defined as the on-going effort to define measures for a safe and healthy
teaching and learning.

Codified- To codify means to arrange laws or rules into a systematic code.

PDL - "Person Deprived of Liberty" means a person who has been arrested, held. in lawful
custody, detained, or imprisoned in execution of a lawful sentence
 Full article: National Responses for Persons Deprived of Liberty during the COVID-19
Pandemic in the Philippines (tandfonline.com)

https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-
Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/BehavioralChangeTheories2.html