PRIMARY ‘ MATHEMATICS 5 TEXTBOOK< ° % . 7 v . ° cupeeet £6) L. a ‘ [1] Whole Numbers 1 Place Values 2 Millions PRACTICE 1A 3 Approximation and Estimation PRACTICE 1B 4 Multiplying by Tens, Hundreds or Thousands 5 Dividing by Tens, Hundreds or Thousands 6 Order of Operations PRACTICE 1C 7 Word Problems PRACTICE 1D 2] Multiplication and Division by a 2-digit Whole Number 1 Multiplication 2 Division PRACTICE 2A z Fractions od Fraction and Division PRACTICE 3A 2 Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Fractions PRACTICE 3B 3. Addition and Subtraction of Mixed Numbers PRACTICE 3C 4 Product of a Fraction and a Whole Number PRACTICE 3D 5 Product of Fractions PRACTICE 3E 6 Dividing a Fraction by a Whole Number PRACTICE 3F 7 Word Problems PRACTICE 3G REVIEW A 26 28 aArea of Triangle 1 Finding the Area of a Triangle PRACTICE 4A Ratio 1 Finding Ratio 2 Equivalent Ratios PRACTICE 5A 3 Comparing Three Quantities PRACTICE 5B Angles 1 Measuring Angles 2 Finding Unknown Angles REVIEW B REVIEW C 65 70 71 75 79 80 83 85 89 93ig @ y e e oa é ¢ 7 my | cay ie ° ‘ Be OS ee . Whole Nu mbers . : 0 Place Values This block is made up of unit cubes. How many unit cubes are there? i] 1000 unit cubes 10,000 unit cubes 200,000 two hundred thousandA library has a collection of 124,936 books. COS wo a oa Hundred | Ten shod eae diearaa t nnsabde rats | Tens | Ones | 1 | 2 4 9 3 6 (a) In 124,936, the digit 2 is in the ten thousands place. Its value is Hl (b) The digit 1 is in the hundred thousands place. Its value is Ml. Write the following in words. (a) 435,672 (b) 500,500 (<) 404,040 (d) 345,713 (e) 700,370 (f) 311,012 (g) 840,382 (h) 600,005 (i) 999,999 Write the following in figures. (a) Four hundred one thousand, sixty-two (b) Nine hundred seventy thousand, five hundred five (c) Seven hundred thousand, nineThe selling price of the house is $2 million How many one-thousand-dollar notes do you need to buy the house? ————. 1 million = 1000 thousands 2 millions = Ml thousands “ay Se @. We write $2 million as $2,000,000.(2) According to the 1980 census, the population of Singapore was about 2,414,000. We read 2,414,000 as two million, four hundred fourteen thousand. In 2,414,000, the digit Ml is in the millions place. (b) According to the 1990 census, the population of Singapore has exceeded 3,000,000. We read 3,000,000 as three million. In 3,000,000, the digit 3 is in the lll place. Write the following in words. (a) 5,000,000 (b) 4,126,000 (c) 3,690,000 (4) 6,800,000 Write the following in figures. (4) Six million (b) Seven million, three thousand (6). Eight million (4) Nine million, twenty-three thousandPRACTICE 1A 1. Write the following in figures. (a) Eleven thousand, twelve (b) One hundred fifteen thousand, six hundred (c) Seven hundred thousand, thirteen (d) Eight hundred eighty thousand, five (e) Five million (f) Four million, two hundred thousand (g)_ Ten million (h) Eight million, eight thousand Write the following in words. (a) 207,306 (b) 560,003 (c) 700,000 (d)_ 3,450,000 (e) 6,020,000 (f) 4,003,000 What is the value of the digit 8 in each of the following? (a) 72,845 (b) 80,375 (©) 901,982 (d) 810,034 (e) 9,648,000 (f) 8,162,000 What are the missing numbers? (a) 16,500 = 10,000 + ll + 500 (6) 225,430 = ll + 20,000 + 5000 + 400 + 30, (c) 100,000 + 80,000 + 4000 + 900 = ll (d) 7,000,000 + 600,000 + 9000 = (e) 9,000,000 + 20,000 + 1000 = (f) 8,532,000 = 8,000,000 + 500,000 + ll + 2000 Complete the following number patterns. (a) 42,668, 43,668, Mi, MH, 46,668 ) 70,500, 71,500, 72,500, mi, ml ) 83,002, 93,002, Ml, Ml, 123,002 (d) 5,632,000, 5,642,000, Ml, Ml, 5,672,000 ) 9,742,000, 8,742,000, Ml, 6,742,000, ll Arrange the numbers in increasing order. (2) 53,760, 53,670, 56,370, 53,607 (b) 324,468, 342,468, 324,648, 342,486 (c) 2,537,000, 2,357,000, 3,257,000, 425,7008 Approximation and Estimation 4865 people watched a badminton match, = tb . 4800 4850 4900 Sally rounds off 4865 to the nearest hundred, 4865 ~ 4900 4865 is approximately 4900 There are about 5000 people. f°) 4000 4500 5000 Jenny rounds off 4865 to the nearest thousand, 4865 ~ 5000 4865 is approximately 5000.1. There are 487 pages in a book. Round off the number of pages to the nearest ten. 485 487 ' EE — 4 480 490 487 = 2. Round off each number to the nearest 10. (a) 604 (b) 795 () 999 3. 5714 people visited a book fair. Round off the number of visitors to the nearest hundred. 5714 5750 a 4 — — = $700 5800 5714 = 4. Round off each number to the nearest 100. (a) 3650 (b) 6047 (c) 4995 5. Round off 16,500 to the nearest thousand. 16,500 is halfway between 16,000 and 17,000. We take 17,000 as the nearest 1000. i 16,000 17,000 16,500 ~ i 6. Round off each number to the nearest 1000. (a) 23,490 (b) 54,550 (©) 39,900 >PRACTICE 1B 1. Round off each number to the nearest 10. (a) 72 (b) 655 (c) 1289 2. Round off each number to the nearest 100. (a) 342 (b) 1259 (©) 20,753 3. Round off each number to the nearest 1000. (a) 6850 (b) 10,500 (c) 125,498 4. David bought a television set for $849. Round off this amount to the nearest hundred dollars. 5. Mr. Ray bought a car for $69,500. Round off this amount to the nearest thousand dollars. 6. A spaceship traveled 999,540 km. Round off this distance to the nearest 1000 km. 7. This table shows the number of people living in three towns. (a) Round off the number of people in each town to the nearest 1000. (b) Use your answers in part (a) to estimate the total number of people in the 3 towns. 8. Round each number to the nearest 1000. Then estimate the value of (a) 32,370 + 4959 (b) 24,890 + 5016 (c) 48,207 — 9864 (d) 54,500 — 6892 9. Estimate the value of (a) 86594 (b) 6023 x9 (c) 7080+8 (d) 4378 +70 Multiplying by Tens, Hundreds or Thousands 43 x 10 = 430 43 x 100 = 4300 ons 9 43 x 1000 = 43,000Multiply. (a) 328x 10 (b) 100 x 536 (c) 63 x 1000 Multiply 16 by 70. 16 x 70 = 16x 7x10 =112x10 = 1120 Multiply 16 16 by 7 first. = x7. U2 6 Multiply 48 by 3. Then find the value of (a) 48 x 30 (b) 48 x 300 (<) 48 x 3000 Multiply 450 by 6. Then find the value of (a) 450 x 60 (b) 450 x 600 (c)_ 450 x 6000 Multiply. (a) 200 x 500 (b) 600 x 900 (c) 800 x 6000 (d) 500 x 2000 (e) 4000 x 600 (f) 2000 x 5000 Estimate the value of 702 x 19. 702 x 19 ~ 700 x 20 = Mrs. Bates needs 543 costumes for the students to take part in a parade. Each costume costs $35. Give a quick estimate of the total cost of the costumes. 35 x 543 ~ 40 x 500 = 20,000 The total cost is about $20,000. Estimate the value of (a) 529 x 34 (b) 75x 386 (c) 7804 x 59 [7 Wertboot is > 6Dividing by Tens, Hundreds or Thousands @® ., 6® C0 ZZ @°) ©) (w) 2300 + 10 = 230 c @Q +100 S > @C) ©) O 2300 + 100 = 23 ee. 20 29 ZZ 99 8 @ 23,000 + 1000 = 23 =< om @ © matey eeDivide. (a) 520+10 (b) 7400 = 100 (€) 40,000 + 1000 (a) Divide 15,000 by 30. Cine 30 15,000 + 30 = 15,000 = 10 = 3 YL “. aie © = 500 i (b) Divide 15,000 by 300. -— 15,000 = 300 = 15,000 = 100 = 3 (000300) =150+3 =50 (c) Divide 15,000 by 3000. ~~ 15,000 = 3000 = 15,000 = 1000-3 15.00 = 3000 7 iH =1523 = Divide. (a) 280 +40 (b) 64,000+ 800 — (c)_ 200,000 + 5000 Estimate the value of 2992 + 38. —— 2992 2992 + 38 ~ 2800 + 40 Maria paid $959 for 33 copies of a software. Give a quick estimate of the cost per copy. 959 + 33~ 900 = 30 = 30 The cost per copy was about $30. Estimate the value of (a) 6398 +81 (b) 2205 +34 (c) 638 +67 G© Order of Operations Matthew arranges his stamps on two pages of his stamp album like this: Then he finds the total number of stamps. Do ripen ry ——. 10+4x3=10+12 =22 (S There are 22 stamps altogether. Order of Operations: Do multiplication or division from left to right, then addition or subtraction from left to right. |Find the value of (a) 12+8-10 (b) 60-12-24 = (c)- 31-19 411 (d) 43+16-27 (ce) 64+26+57 = (f) 90-12 +21 () 55+69-25 (nh) 111-89-11 (i) 58-25+42 Find the value of (a) 2x4x8 (b) 60+4=3 () 54+6x3 (d) 9x8x6 (ce) 722674 (f) 4x24=8 (g) 4x7x25 (h) 64+828 (i) 9x81+9 Find the value of (a) 9+3x6 (b) 27-12 +3 () 441512 (d) 80-5x10 (ce) 54-48 +6 (f) 948149 (g) 56-8x5+4 (h) 70+80+5x4 (i) 9% +8-6x2 (Gj) 6+54=9x2 (kK) 49-45+5x3 (I) 62+42+7-6 Find the value of 27 — 2 x (3 + 5). 27-2 (3 +5) Do what is in the parentheses =27-2x8 first. =f Find the value of (a) 76 + (36 + 164) (b) 200- (87-13) (c) 99-(87 +12) (d) 18x (5 x 2) (ce) 490+ (7x7) (Ff) 153 x (27 + 9) Find the value of (a) 60 + (4+8) (b) 20-2 (18 + 6) () +547) +3 (d) (22+10) + 8x5 (e) (50-42) + 2x7 (f) 100 + 10 x (4+ 6) << TsPRACTICE 1C 1. Multiply. (a) 238 x 10 (4) 10 x 400 2. Multiply 56 by 7. Then find the value of (a) 56x70 3. Multiply 75 by 9. Then find the value of (a) 75x 90 4. Divide 72 by 8 Then find the value of (a) 720,000 = 80 5. Divide 900 by 6. Then find the value of (a) 90,000 = 60 6. Divide (a) 360 (d) 4080 90 80 7. Find the value of (a) 48-17 +25 () 814923 ) 64-3x9 ) 27+15+3x2 ) 10+24+8+8 35 + (10-3) x 10 the value of 372 — (45 - 29) 372 — 45 - 29 128+4+2 128+4x2 () (e) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (e) 700 x 100 (c) 37 « 1000 100 x 280 (f) 1000 x 520 56 x 700 (c) 56 x 7000 75 x 900 (c) 75 x 9000 720,000 + 800 (c)_ 720,000 = 8000 90,000 + 600 — (c)_ 90,000 + 6000 7600 + 40 (<) 90,600 + 600 350,000 + 500 (f)_ 412,000 + 4000 (b) 6x 5x10 (d) 50=5+5 (f) 72-36=9 (h) 40 =2-2x5 (i) Q8-17) + 3x10 (13 +7) + (9-4) 372-45 + 29 372 - (45 + 29) 128 + (4 x 2) 128 + (4 + 2)Word Problems Alicia bought 420 mangoes for $378. She packed the mangoes in bags of 4 mangoes each and sold all the mangoes at $6 per bag. How much money did she make? i 420 aaa 420 + 4=105 There were 105 bags of mangoes. —— (1 b0g as (C 108 bags for $m YS Z $6 x 105 = $630 Alicia sold the mangoes for $630. —_——_eeeeorrror > Se C Selling price - Cost pri $630 — $378 = $l Alicia made $i.Ryan and Juan shared $410 between them. Ryan received $100 more than Juan. How much money did Juan receive? oo Juan | pena $410 Give Ryan $100 first and divide the remaining money into two units ? 2 units = $410 — $100 = $310 1 unit = $i Juan received $ill Peter collected a total of 1170 stamps. He collected 4 times as many U.S. stamps as foreign stamps. How many U.S. stamps did he collect? Foreign | ] 1170 us. Foe]Mr. Given bought 2 similar T-shirts and a belt. He paid $50 to the cashier and received $3 change. If the belt cost $29, find the cost of each T-shirt. $50 — $3 = $47 Mr. Given spent $47. = $29 ——— $47 — $29 = $18 The total cost of 2 T-shirts and 1 bele is $47. _Z The T-shirts cost $18. —— °, $18+2=$ml SS The cost of each T-shirt was $i. Henry bought a compact disc and 3 videotapes. The compact disc cost $16. If a compact disc cost twice as much as a videotape, how much did he spend altogether? $16 = 2-58 o aa A videotape cost $8. Tope (Ea $8 x 3 = $24 i oF ~~ The cost of 3 videotapes was $24. ( He bought 3 videotapes and C 1 compact disc. 2 ee $24 + $16 = $l He spent $l altogether. i (Wetoa tne > PRPRACTICE 1D John is 15 kg heavier than Peter. Their total weight is 127 kg. Find John’s weight. There are 3 times as many boys as girls. If there are 24 more boys than girls, how many children are there altogether? The total weight of Peter, David and Henry is 123 kg, Peter is 15 kg heavier than David. David is 3 kg lighter than Henry. Find Henry's weight Pablo has $180 and Ryan has $150. How much money must Pablo give Ryan so that they each will have an equal amount of money? Matthew has twice as many stickers as David. How many stickers must Matthew give David so that they each will have 120 stickers? Peter has twice as many stickers as Joe. Joe has 40 more stickers than Emily. They have 300 stickers altogether. How many stickers does Peter have? At a book fair, Joe bought 24 books at 3 for $5 and had $2 left. How much money did he have at first? Ryan bought 3 books and a magazine. He paid $30 to the cashier and received $5 change. If the magazine cost twice as much as each book, find the cost of the magazine. Harry bought 155 oranges for $35. He found that 15 of them were rotten. He sold all the remaining oranges at 7 for $2. How much money did he make? John and Paul spent $45 altogether. John and Henry spent $65 altogether. If Henry spent 3 times as much as Paul, how much did John spend?e 2 Multiplication and Division by g 2-digit Whole. Number | o (a) (b) Multiplication Multiply 78 by 30. Method 1: 78 x 30 = 78x 3x10 = 234x 10 = 2340 Method 2: 78 «30 2340 Multiply 650 by 40. 650 x 40 26000 Multiply 7878 by 3 first. = x_3 234Multiply. (a) 53 x 60 oes | Multiply. (a) 58x 80 (d)_ 207 x 60 Multiply. (a) 24 x13 72 <—24x3 240 — 24 x 10 312 () 325 154 1300 <— 325 16250 325 Multiply. (a) 67 x 44 (d) 236 x 82 Multiply. (a) 4635 x 2% Multiply (a) 3059 x 53 (4) 3860 x 69 (b) 247 x 80 Be | (b) 46x 50 (©) (e) 739 x 40 (f) () oF x47 Sa (4) 618 x 72 4 fous | 50 (b) 53x 48 () (e) 457 x 35 (f) (b) 8247 x 38 Bes | (b) 7105 x 62 ) (ec) 6394 x 57 (f) 27 x 90 641 x 70 29 x 96 606 x 47 2537 x 48 5482 x 74Qe Division (a) Divide 140 by 20. Method 1: 140+ 20 =7 Method 2: 7 20)140 ad 0 (b) Divide 150 by 20. _7 20)150 1# 10 — C 1x 20= 140 “~__-% ( 150+20 | cannot divide 15 by 2 exactly. So | use method 2. * a (21. Divide. (a) 30)70 2. Divide. (a) 90+50 (d) 540 +70 3. Divide 74 by 21 3 21)74 63 11 4. Divide 256 by 47. 5 47)256 235 21 5. Divide. (a) 63 +17 (d) 76 +34 (g) 149 + 67 (j) 668 +72 6 Divide 89 by 24. <4 ( 20)89 (The estimated quotient is 4. (b) a 60)430 (4) a 70)625 (b) 79 = 40 (c) 85 +30 (e) 613 = 90 (f) 438 + 60 3 20)74 The estimated quotient is 3 oO 50) 256 \ The estimated quotient is 5 — _ (b) 48 + 23 (c) 85 +38 (ec) 94 = 43 (f) 57 +29 (h) 509 = 84 (i) 756 +95 (k) 279 + 56 (1) 183 +44 3 » 24)89 72 17ie a r Lis 9. 10. WW. Divide 78 by 26. 2 30)78 The estimated quotient is 2 Divide. (a) 68+17 (d) 83421 Divide 285 by 33. aN 30) 285 The estimated quotient — The estimated quotient is 5. Divide. (a) 207 +23 (d) 572 +64 2 3 26)78 = 26)78 52 78 26 0 The estimated quotient is too small. Try 3 (b) 77+ 25 () 94433 13 (ec) 84+ 43 (f) 75+15 . at) 8 33)285 gmp) 33285 297 264 2 The estimated quotient 14. is too big: Try 8. : 15, 5 6 78)473 gmp «78473 390 468 83 5 The estimated quotient is too small. Try 6. 16, (b) 236 + 39 () 474479 (ce) 464 +58 (f) 640 +93Divide 570 by 16 3 35 16)570 16)570 48 48 9 90 i 57 6 Divid y 1 Divide. (a) 25. (b)) 30 (c) @ (4) 34) 870 28) 862 47703 15) 612 68 84 190 2 170 20 Divide. (a) 552+ 24 (b) 660 = 29 (c) 925 + 46 (d) 399 + 31 (e) 708 + 67 (f) 374+ 18 Divide (a) 234 (b) 83 (c) me (d) 28 )6552 52) 4328 64) 6820 45 )3185 56 416 95 168 84 156 112 12 112 0 Divide. (a) 6692 + 28 (b) 2409 = 18 (c) 1495 + 45 (d) 6008 + 56 (ce) 1054 + 37 (f) 9864 = 29PRACTICE 2A Multiply. (0) (b) © 1. 407 x 84 690 x 49 941 x73 2, 5395 x 51 7404 x 85 3092 x 63 Divide. (a) (b) () 3. 89 = 24 92 +33 56 +18 4, 848 + 16 403 + 67 505 = 53 5. 722 +38 895 = 23 999 = 42 6. 7684 +78 1340 + 23 9670 + 54 7. A baker uses 12 eggs to bake a cake. How many eggs does he need if he wants to bake 36 cakes? Mr. Hill has to drive to a city which is 240 km from Portland. If his car can travel 15 km on 1 liter of gas, how many liters of gas does he need for the trip? 1064 balloons were shared equally among 38 students. How many balloons did each student receive? Mrs, Garcia sold 96 tarts at a food fair. The tarts were sold in boxes of 12 tarts each. She sold all the tarts at $7 per box. How much money did she receive? Mr. Kent buys a car and pays by installments. Each installment is $827. If he still has to pay $280 after paying 72 installments, how much does the car cost? Miss Lee sold 2034 concert tickets at $16 per ticket. She also sold 840 programs at $3 each. How much money did she collect altogether? 70 students were divided into 14 teams. In each team there were 2 girls. How many boys were there altogether? Mrs. Ward baked 840 cookies. She sold them in packets of 24 cookies each. How much money did she receive if the selling price per packet was $3?} Fractions 0 Fraction and Division 4 children share 3 pancakes equally Each child receives 3 quarters. a | sf 4% \ 1 1 foeadinses} | fet 3+423 4 4 children share 5 pancakes equally. Each child receives 5 quarters. }: ase Each child receives 1 pancake first. Share the remaining pancake. ¢ te4el 4 Each child receives 1 and ; pancakes. ul 4 Express a as a mixed number. Method 1: Zn ele2. A bucket contains 8 qt of water. If the water is poured equally into 3 jugs, how much water is there in each jug? i 2 | 8+3=m 3)8 | 6 1 2 There are Ill qt of water in each jug. | 3. Find the value of 22 = 8. Method 1: | 2 | 2+8=25 8)22 e 16 6 Method 2: 2+e=2 1 8 | -4= 4 = | 4. Find the value of (a) 723 (bt) 145 () 2126 © (d) 7729PRACTICE 3A 1. Express each of the following as a whole number or a mixed number in its simplest form. 13 @ 3 ) 4 @ 2 2 © . 3 9 Express each of the following answers as a mixed number in its simplest form. (a) 30+8 (b) 2144 () 35+10 (d) 78+7 Nancy cut a ribbon into 8 equal pieces. If the ribbon was 26 m long, how many meters long was each piece? Mrs, York bought 3 m of cloth, She used the cloth to make 9 pillow cases of the same size. How much cloth in meters did she use for each pillow case? Mary baked 10 cakes of the same size. She divided the cakes into 4 equal shares. How many cakes were there in each share? Peter poured 2 liters of milk equally into 5 jugs. How much milk was there in each jug? A red ribbon 11 m long is 5 times as long as a blue ribbon. How long is the blue ribbon? A box of cookies weighing 4 kg was divided into 6 equal shares. What was the weight of each share in kilograms?8 Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Fractions Her brother ate ; of the same cake. What fraction of the cake did they eat altogether? The cake is divided into 6 equal parts. Ann ate 2 parts and | Qe brother ate 3 parts. | Ann ate i of a cake. | j | | | | | They ate lll of the cake altogether. j 1 and ; do not have the same denominator. ' They are called unlike fractions. i 2 ond ; have the same denominator. i They are called like fractions. ———. —. & We can change unlike fractions to like fractions using equivalent fractions: fe 2 Ce en aaAdd 3 and 3. 8 6 24 is a multiple of 8. It is also a multiple of 6 wo a 15 is a common multiple of 5 and 3. oll 30 is a common multiple of 10 and 6. ~ 15 =a Add. Give each answer in its simplest form. @ z+: ® 3+3 © ole ain [ree arm6. 7. Subtract vee 8 6 E 1 Subtract ; from - a é ) (4 2 4 24 Cg ) (24 is a common \ : multiple of 8 and 6. 24 an from > —~, C . Rn -3_ os S 30 30 \ 6 2 30 is a common \ = {multiple of 10 and 6. y 30 WAL Subtract ie 10 > from 1 / 6 10 ~ 30 30 P2040 2GPRACTICE 3B Add or subtract. Give each answer in its simplest form. (a) (b) () eS oi 5,7 2 6 10 6 6 8 A, foe 5_f = ” 3° 12 6 10 a6 ee oo 541 6 10 2 12 a ieee ee i 8 12 3 10 10 6 5. John mowed 2 of a lawn. His brother mowed + of it. What fraction of the lawn did they mow? 6. Samy took 3 hour to travel from home to the z00. He took 11 hours to return home. How much longer did he take to return home than to go to the zoo? 7. Mary ate : of a cake. Peter ate another t of it. (a) What fraction of the cake did they eat altogether? (b) What fraction of the cake did Peter eat more than Mary? 8 Alli went to a bookshop. He spent 2 of his money on books and t of it on a pen. (a) What fraction of his money did he spend altogether? (b)_ What fraction of his money did he have left?Addition and Subtraction of Mixed Numbers 35412 24547 The total length is lll m. (b) Add 42 and 13 12 4 —o FF ~ Express the answer in C its simplest form1. 2. 3. i 6 10 Find the difference in length between 42 m and 32 m. 43.32 aa The difference in length is ll m. Subtract. fine Spey otleeS) ee OF cate cd 3 _ 10 =22 18 18 =a. 18 18 18 —oo « : < ) 42 30 =a PI AdPRACTICE 3C Add or subtract. Give each answer in its simplest form (a) (b) (c) 1 22448 ee 1 3 9 8 6 }o 2 35-9! 3443 45_4! 6 3 5 10 6 4 |} 3 3241 545! 23413 6 6 2 8 1 2 3 1 . 1 33-4 : 6 3 10 6 5. Robert jogged 1 ; km. His brother jogged at km. Who jogged a longer distance? How much longer? | 6 There were 34 cakes on the table, After breakfast, there were 2 13 cakes left. How many cakes were eaten? 7. A container has a capacity of 3 liters. It contains 1 3 liters of water. How much more water is needed to fill the container? 8 Ann planned to spend 1 ; hours to cook a meal. She finished the cooking in 1 3 hours. How much earlier did she finish the cooking? 9. The total length of two ribbons is 23 m. If one ribbon is 1% m long, what is the length of the other ribbon?oO Product of a Fraction and a Whole Number Lihua bought 12 eggs. She used 5 of them to bake a cake. How many eggs did she use? Method 1: Divide 12 eggs into 3 equal groups. 2 groups are shaded to show ; She used ll eggs. _——~ Method 2: ae a awe FOF 12 as Fx 12 2) = 2x12 Se x12= = os She used Ill eggs.} 1. @ Muttiply by 5 | (b) Multiply 5 by i 225x2 3 3 5x | | | 2. Find the value of ; x 20 | Method 1: 3 a9 = 3x 20 8 8 = 60 | 8 | Method 2: a ~—— ~~ T, 3 29 = 3.x 20 C 4's a common factor of 20 and 8. 8 8, (Divide 20 and 8 by 4. = 3x5 eee Method 3: 326 = 3x5 8, 2How many months are there in 2 of a year? 7 —— 5 5 § of a year = 3% 12 months (1 year = 12 months = Mi months ae ° Conversion of Measurements Length Time | tm=l00cm 1yd=3f 1 year = 12 months 1km=1000m 1 ft = 12 in. 1 week = 7 days 1 mi = 5280 ft 1 day = 24 hours 8. ‘ 1 hour = 60 minutes Weight ; kas 1000 11b=1602 1 minute = 60 seconds Volume of liquid/capacity 1 € = 1000 ml 1 qt=2pt | 1gal=4qt 1qr=4c Find the missing number in each il. 5 1. 7 . 2 min = oe (@ tmin=M@s (b) GF kg= lg 0) (e) 2 year = ll months (f) (hy : Ib = Ml oz (i) Express 23 hin hours and minutes. 3h = 3x 60 min = min 4 4 ; 10. 22 min 4 Find the missing number in each Mil. (a) 2h h= Mh min (b) 42 yd = yd fe © 51 gal Hi gal Mgt (d) 32 km = Bi km Bm ) 143 Cem (f) 64 years = Ml years Ill month! [ieton bara >2 Express 32 km in meters. 5 3 km = 3000 m 2 km = 2 x 1000 m 5 5 =m 32 km= im Express 21 days in hours. 4 2 days = Mh 1 day = h oy h 1 21 days = Mh 4 Find the missing number in each (a) (d) (9) (b) (o) (d) (e) 2 m= iicm (b) 1! b= Moz () 35 gal = @ qt 7 e 3 -f 1 = 23 years = lll months (e) 12 (= imi (f) 4! min= lls 4 10 3 21 m= Mm (bh) 32 h= min (i) 532 f= Bin 10 3 4 What fraction of $2 is 80¢? = oa $2 = 200¢ C $1 = 100¢ 3 “ae 80 _ 200 Express 600 ml as a fraction of 1 liter. Express 90 cm as a fraction of 3 m Express 45 seconds as a fraction of 1 minute Express 50 minutes as a fraction of 2 hoursPRACTICE 3D Find the value of each of the following in its simplest form. (a) (b) (°) fe a4 1x26 2 x40 2 4 5 2 30x4 40 x 2 15x 5 5 7 9 3 2 xa Bx 20 40 x 2 3 5 8 Find the missing number in each ll (9) (b) 2 . 3 i 2 kg= 4, 3 @ min 5 Mg 5. 4 m= mcm © fon in 5 10 6. 83 years = ll years lll months 33 (= 8 CE ml 7. 95 Ib = Ml lb ox Sih Bh min 1 . 1 8. = f= : 4- 3} f= Min © gal 9. 22 km=mim 42 days = Mh 10 3 10. (a) What fraction of $1 is 90¢? (b) What fraction of 2 € is 750 ml? (6) What fraction of 3 Ib is 12 oz? 11. (a) Express 9 months as a fraction of 1 year. (b) Express 50 minutes as a fraction of 2 hours. (©) Express 8 in. as a fraction of 2 ft. 12. In an examination, 40 out of 44 students passed. What fraction of the students passed the examination? 13. Holly earns $350 a month. She saves $70 each month. What fraction of her earnings does she save?‘ Product of Fractions (a) Color 1 Cut out | of the colored parts What fraction of the rectangle is cut out? of the rectangle is cut out oa 27 4 3 8 (b) Color What fraction of the rectangle is cut ou! 1 3 3 1 Is * of = the same as = of 2 4 4 2 ?A flower garden occupies > of a piece of land. 2 of the garden is used for growing orchids. What fraction of the land is used for growing orchids? wie x Ri= I of the land is used for growing orchids. Mrs, Green bought Ib of sugar. She used i of it to make a cake. How much sugar did she use? alw wie She used lll Ib of sugar. xi=m 6 The area of the rectangle is Ill m?.; of a wall is painted red. What fraction of the wall is painted gray? The remaining part is 7 of the wall tylog 403 I of the wall is painted gray 4,2 Multipl b upg 5 OY = 4.254x2 53 5x3 =a Find the product of 2 Method 1: 9 5 2 9x5 10 12 210 x 124 Find the value of (a) 1 of (d) (9) GZ elu ainn (i) x and 5 12 Method 2: ae ee xs 210 124 =a 1 3 f 34 ) 35 x f ears 1 6 x 3°79 (i) 9. 16 x | a 0 3x4 2x4 t of the remaining part is painted gray. Sain ia ala ©PRACTICE 3E Find the value of each of the following in its simplest form. (9) (b) (°) 3yd ae 743 8 3 9 8 8 7 27 83 95 7 10 9 Meg 52 342 35 eas 403 10° 6 69 4 12 fOr ya 7 207 Ay 20) 6,8 7 4 5 W 8 3 Shawn had a piece of string a m long. He used ; of it to tie a box. Find the length of the string which was used to tie the box. Kelley had 3 qt of cooking oil. She used 2 of it to fry some fish. How much oil did she use? Mrs, Ruiz bought = kg of beef. She cooked 3 of it for lunch. How much beef did she cook? Sally ate A of a cake and gave : of the remainder to her sister. What fraction of the cake did she give away? Find the area of a rectangle which measures 3 m by 2 m.@ Dividing a Fraction by a Whole Number 4 boys shared : of a pie equally What fraction of the pie did each boy receive? Each boy received ; of the pie. oO 2 gal of2 “a 12 >) 5; = 4s h boy received | oS) -1y2 ~_~_pQ— ~ 4 3 an 6 Here is another way to divide : by 4.1. Divide 2 by 3. 22322x! 3 3 3 =f Dividing by 3 is the same as : 1 py multiplying by + Divide. 3 3 1 = +6==xK- b) = +9= @ 3+6=3xi ) =m 5 5 9 2+5=-2xH (dd) — + O | a ® a = 5 Find the value of each of the following in its simplest form. 5 1. 4 ve @ $+2 ) $=3 © 2+4 @ +4 @ $+2 () 2+8 @ 23 (hy) 3+6 () 26 [Heino erie aS > PR FinePRACTICE 3F | Find the value of each of the following in its simplest form (a) (b) (9) 1 1a3 533 3 3 6 10 3 1 2 5 4 6 4 5 233 525 10 3 ; 0 4. A string of length ; m is cut into 2 equal pieces. What is the length of each piece? 5. * of the money collected at a garage sale was divided equally nong 4 clubs. What fraction of the money did each club receive? 6. 6 packets of cookies weigh s kg, Find the weight of 1 packet of cookies 10 7. Sara poured ~ pt of fruit juice equally into 4 cups. How much fruit juice was there in each cup? 8 The perimeter of a square flower bed is > m. Find the length of each side in meters. Mrs. Jones divided : kg of grapes equally among 6 children. How nany kilograms of grapes did each child receive?@ Word Problems Melissa had $125. She spent 2 of the money and saved the rest. How much money did she save? j-2s 5 wie First, | find what fraction of the money is saved. ——s She saved : of the money. 3x $125 = Si She saved $i. s Amount of money spent = i x $125 = $50 : Amount of money saved = $125 — $50 = $l Here is yet another way. I find 1 unit first. 5 units = $125 74 1 unit = $i Amount of money saved = 3 units = $iThere are 96 children in a library ; of them are girls. How many boys are there? 40. He spent | of the money on a storybook and 3 a calculator. How much did he spend altogether? ; —- $40 r ( 10 units = 40 | | | | 0 Scott had gs. He sold 5 of them. If he sold 300 eggs, how nany eggs did he have at first?Jim had 360 stamps. He sold : of them on Monday and i of the remainder on Tuesday. How many stamps did he sell on Tuesday? a~—_o Soot First, I find what fraction of the y-122 stamps were left on Monday. 303 SS He had : of the stamps left on Monday. 2.30 gt = tx I 0 on eer \ stamps left on Monday He had 240 stamps left on Monday. 1 < 240 = i a 4 He sold il stamps on Tuesday. Method 2: 3 parts = 360 1 part = 120 aa = 240 Number of stamps left on Monday = 4 units = 240 3 Number of stamps sold on Tuesday = 1 unit = ilMarisol made 300 tarts. She sold 2 of them and gave ! of the 4 ~ 3 remainder to her neighbor. How many tarts did she have left? 300 Mr. Anderson gave 2 of his money to his wife and spent t of the remainder. If he had $300 left, how much money did he have at first? eee $600PRACTICE 3G RI 1. 2 of the apples in a box are red apples. The rest are green apples. There are 24 green apples. How many apples are there altogether? F 2. After spending : of his money on a toy car, Josh had $42 left. How much money did he have at first? 7 G a 3. Mr. Ray had $400. He spent 3 of it on a vacuum cleaner and ; of the remainder on a fan. How much money did he have left? 4. Avendor sold 2 of his hot dogs in the morning and i in the > afternoon. He sold 200 hot dogs altogether. How many hot dogs did he have left? 6 5. Mrs. Gray bought some eggs. She used 5 of them to make tarts and ; 7 of the remainder to make a cake. She had 9 eggs left. How many eggs did she buy? 6 Tyrone bought @ bag of marbles. | of the marbles were blue, 7 8 were green and a of the remainder were yellow. If there were 24 . yellow marbles, how many marbles did he buy? 7. Jeff gave a of a sum of money to his wife. Then he divided the remainder equally among his 4 children. ie (a) What fraction of the sum of money did each child receive? (b)_ If each child received $600, find the sum of money. Beat 8. Rosa read 10 pages of a book on Monday. She read i of the remainder on Tuesday, If she still had 24 pages to read, how many J 12. pages were there in the book?REVIEW A 1 Write the following in figures (a) Five hundred fifteen thousand, four hundred seven (b) Four million, six hundred thousand Write the following in words (a) 872,520 (b)_ 1,034,000 (c)_ 4,500,000 (d) 162,003 What is the value of the digit 9 in 9,364,000? Which one of the following numbers has the digit 6 in the ten thousands place? 6,541,000, 640,059, 546,109, 5,164,000 (a) Round off $437,549 to the nearest $1000. (b) Round off 42,652 km to the nearest 1000 km. The population of Marina Town is 280,524. Round off the number to the nearest 1000. A house is sold for about $2,400,000. Which one of the following could be the actual selling price of the house? $2,356,000 $2,299,000 $2,460,000 $2,310,000 (a) Write down a common factor of 24 and 32, (b) Write down a common multiple of 8 and 10. Round each number to the nearest 1000. Then estimate the value of (a) 3472 + 1607 (b) 29,074 + 5872 (c) 9035 — 5712 (d) 14,236 — 6223 What is the missing number in each? 3600, », 4800, 5400 Estimate the value of (a) 3268 x 7 (b) 4825 x 63 (c) 4312 + 6 (d) 7134 + 82 Multiply or divide (a) 2650 x 600 (b) 1245 x 4000 (c) 34,400 x 80 (d) 1280 + 80 (e) 1290 + 80 (f) 84,000 + 700020. 21. 22. Multiply or divide. (a) 36x 28 (b) 52x 75 (0) 615 x 32 (d) 994+ 71 (ec) 864 + 36 (f) 301 = 24 Find the value of each of the following: (a) 2x (28 + 36) - 49 (b) 78 +21 + 3-(6 +25) (c) 50 ~ (225 + 15 + 13) (d) 29 + (300 + 10-3 x 9) (ce) 28+ 19-24 (f) 12-9x5 +15 (g) (42+ 14)+7x5 (h) (59 + 13) + (4x 2) Write each fraction in its simplest form. 6 9 16 32 @ § ) 2 Oe @ = Express each of the following as an improper fraction. 3 7 5 3 3 43 3 @ 33 () 37 © 45 @ 23 Express each of the following as a whole number or a mixed number in its simplest form. 20 18 33 30 0 ») 8 B a 2 @ % 4 © 3 @ % Name two equivalent fractions for each of these fractions. 3 2 5 W 3 b 5 a 2 @ 3 ) 2 Ol ® 4 Divide. Express each answer as q fraction in its simplest form. (a) 8= 12 (b) 15 +54 (c) 63+18 (d) 100+ 35 Which is greater? 3 5 1 1 8 (@) 3ors (&) 2} or 25 () 38 or4 6 op 12 2 op 2 1 gp 16 (@) 1S or ¥ (e) 43 or 3 () 3h or Arrange the fractions in order, beginning with the smallest. @ 13, 2,15, 2 2, = 125 4.4 8 2 8 5 3 2 What number must be added to a to make 5? 23 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31,| 23. 74. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. cH) 1 How many quarters are there in 3? Add or subtract. Give each answer in its simplest form fet wae 2st (d) 6-5 ) 42-5 () 63-28 Multiply or divide. (a) * x4 (b) 24x > () 35 x 2 @ 3%; © 3% 4s (05a a5 @ 23 () 252 (i) 12 (a) Express 2 m in centimeters. (b) Express We kg in kilograms and grams. (©) Express 23 Ib in pounds and ounces. (a) Express 4 months as a fraction of 1 year. (b) Express 48 minutes as a fraction of 1 ; hours. (c) Express 1 pt as a fraction of 35 ¢. Ashley had 600 cookies. She packed them into packets of 24. How many packets of cookies did she get? There are 2204 children in a school. 925 of them are girls. How many more boys than girls are there? 3 pieces of ribbon, each 85 cm long, are cut from a length of ribbon 3 m long. What is the length of the remaining piece of ribbon? Peter, John and Dan shared $1458 equally. Peter used part of his share to buy a bicycle and had $139 left. What was the cost of the bicycle?