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REGNO:311119106029 Melodina Carnelian D Loyola - Icam College of Engineering and Technology (Licet)

The document describes a MATLAB program to perform linear and circular convolution of sequences. It includes: 1) An introduction explaining linear convolution and how it can be used to find the output of a linear time-invariant system. 2) An algorithm for implementing linear convolution in MATLAB. 3) Sections of MATLAB code demonstrating linear convolution using the conv function, without a function, and using circular convolution. 4) An input/output example for each section of code.

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MELODINA CARNELIAN 19EC061
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43 views

REGNO:311119106029 Melodina Carnelian D Loyola - Icam College of Engineering and Technology (Licet)

The document describes a MATLAB program to perform linear and circular convolution of sequences. It includes: 1) An introduction explaining linear convolution and how it can be used to find the output of a linear time-invariant system. 2) An algorithm for implementing linear convolution in MATLAB. 3) Sections of MATLAB code demonstrating linear convolution using the conv function, without a function, and using circular convolution. 4) An input/output example for each section of code.

Uploaded by

MELODINA CARNELIAN 19EC061
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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REGNO:311119106029

MELODINA CARNELIAN D
LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

Ex.No -2
Linear and Circular Convolution
Date:04-09-21

AIM:
To write a MATLAB program to obtain the linear and circular convolution of two sequences.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
MATLAB, PC

THEORY:

For a linear time invariant system if the input sequence x(n) and impulse response h(n) is
given ,we can find the output y(n) by using the equation(n)=∑x(k) h(n-k),where k varies from -∞
to +∞ which is known as convolution sum and can be represented as y(n)=x(n)*h(n),where *
denotes the convolution operation. This is an extremely powerful result that allows us to compute
the system output for any input excitation.

ALGORITHM:
1. Choose an initial value of n, the starting time for evaluating the output sequences y(n).If
x(n) starts at n=n1 and hence h(n) starts at n=n2 then n=n1+n2 is good choice
2. E expresses both sequences in terms of the index k
3. Fold h (K) about k=0 to obtain h (-K) and shift by n to the right if h is positive and left if n is
negative to obtain h (n-k).
4. Multiply the two sequences x (k) and h (n-k) element by element and the sum of products to
get y (n).
5. Increment the index n, shift the sequence h (n-k) to right by one sample and do step 4.
6. Repeat step 5 will until the sum of products is zero for all remaining values of n.

PROGRAM:
1. LINEAR CONVOLUTION FUNCTION

x=input('Enter the sequence x:');

h=input('Enter the sequence y:');

y=conv(x,h);

subplot(3,1,1);

stem(x);

1
LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

ylabel('Amplitude->');

xlabel('N->');

title('Input sequence x')

subplot(3,1,2);

stem(h);

ylabel('Amplitude->');

xlabel('N->');

title('Input sequence h')

subplot(3,1,3);

stem(y);

ylabel('Amplitude->');

xlabel('N->');

title('linear Convolution');

INPUT:

Enter the sequence x:


[1 2 3 5 6 7 8]

Enter the sequence y:


[ 7 6 5 4 6 3 2]

OUTPUT:

2
LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

2. LINEAR CONVOLUTION WITHOUT FUNCTION

x=input('Enter the sequence x:');

h=input('Enter the sequence y:');

x=sin(2*pi*0.1.*(1:1:11));

m=length(x);

n=length(h);

X=[x,zeros(1,n)];

H=[h,zeros(1,m)];

for i=1:n+m-1

Y(i)=0;

for j=1:m

if(i-j+1>0)

Y(i)=Y(i)+X(j)*H(i-j+1);

else

end

end

end

figure;

subplot(3,1,1); stem(x, '-b^'); xlabel('n');

ylabel('x[n]'); grid on;

subplot(3,1,2); stem(h, '-ms');

xlabel('n'); ylabel('h[n]'); grid on;

subplot(3,1,3); stem(Y, '-ro');

ylabel('Y[n]'); xlabel('----->n'); grid on;

title('Convolution of Two Signals without conv function');

INPUT:

Enter the sequence x:


[1 2 3 4 5 8 10 12]

Enter the sequence y:


[[1 2 3 4 5 3 1 -1]

3
LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

OUTPUT:

3.LINEAR CONVOLUTION USING CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION

x1=input('Enter the sequence x1(n)=');

x2=input('Enter the sequence x2(n)=');

N=length(x1)+ length(x2)-1;

X1=fft(x1,N);

X2=fft(x2,N);

Y=X1.*X2;

y=ifft(Y);

disp(y);

stem(y)

INPUT:
Enter the sequence x1(n)=
[8 7 6 5]
Enter the sequence x2(n)=
[5 9 4 2]

4
LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

OUTPUT:

40.0000 107.0000 125.0000 123.0000 83.0000 32.0000 10.0000

4. CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION

clc;
close all;
x1=input('Enter the first sequence :');
x2=input('Enter the second sequence: ');
N1=length(x1);
N2=length(x2);
N=max(N1,N2);

if(N2>N1)
x4=[x1,zeros(1,N-N1)];
x5=x2;
elseif(N2==N1)
x4=x1;
x5=x2;
else
x4=x1;
x5=[x2,zeros(1,N-N2)];
end
x3=zeros(1,N);
for m=0:N-1
x3(m+1)=0;
for n=0:N-1
j=mod(m-n,N);
x3(m+1)=x3(m+1)+x4(n+1).*x5(j+1);
end

5
end
LOYOLA - ICAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (LICET)

subplot(4,1,1)
stem(x1);
title('First Input Sequence');
xlabel('Samples');
label('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,2)
stem(x2);
title('Second Input Sequence');
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(4,1,3)
stem(x3);
title('Circular Convolution Using Modulo Operator');
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude');

INPUT:
Enter the first sequence :
[7 6 5 4 3]
Enter the second sequence:
[8 3 4 5 2]

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

Thus a MATLAB program is written to obtain the linear and Circular convolution of two
sequences.
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