INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT

Statistic Control of Quality

TEACHER

Hiram Acuña

HW#2

GROUP

(A7A)

NÚMERO DE CONTROL NOMBRE

18331066 Manuel Guillermo Moreno Cruz

HERMOSILLO, SONORA, SEMESTRE SEPTIEMBRE 2021 - ENERO 2022

 Index

1. Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
2. Development --------------------------------------------------------------- 5
3. Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------- 6
4. Bibliography ---------------------------------------------------------------7
 Introduction
Continuing with the investigation of the history of statistical quality control, in this
task we will develop a timeline to graphically express the evolution of quality in
humanity.
As you can know, quality is a fundamental part of the development of a company, if
you do not deliver quality products, other people will stop buying. That is why today
the vast majority of large manufacturing companies focus their research on
continuous improvement.
 Development – Timeline

STATISTIC QUALITY
CONTROL

QUALITY IN THE MEDIEVAL GUILDS OF EUROPE

The quality movement can trace its roots back to medieval Europe, where
craftsmen began organizing into unions called guilds in the late 13th century.
These guilds were responsible for developing strict rules for product and service
quality. Inspection committees enforced the rules by marking flawless goods with
a special mark or symbol.
Craftsmen themselves often placed a second mark on the goods they produced.
At first this mark was used to track the origin of faulty items. But over time the
mark came to represent a craftsman’s good reputation. Inspection marks and
master craftsmen

CRAFTSMANSHIP
In the early 19th century, manufacturing in the United States tended to follow
the craftsmanship model used in the European countries. Since most craftsmen
sold their goods locally, each had a tremendous personal stake in meeting
customers’ needs for quality. If quality needs weren’t met, the craftsman ran the
risk of losing customers not easily replaced. Therefore, masters maintained a
form of quality control by inspecting goods before sale.

The Factory System

The factory system, a product of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, began to
divide the craftsmen’s trades into specialized tasks. This forced craftsmen to
become factory workers and forced shop owners to become production
supervisors, and marked an initial decline in employees’ sense of empowerment
and autonomy in the workplace. Quality in the factory system was ensured
through the skill of laborers supplemented by audits and/or inspections. Defective
products were either reworked or scrapped.
 THE TAYLOR SYSTEM
Late in the 19th century the United States broke further from European tradition and
adopted a new management approach developed by Frederick W. Taylor, whose goal
was to increase productivity without increasing the number of skilled craftsmen. He
achieved this by assigning factory planning to specialized engineers and by using
craftsmen and supervisors as inspectors and managers who executed the engineers’
plans.

QUALITY IN THE WW2

After entering World War II, the United States enacted legislation to help gear the
civilian economy to military production. During this period, quality became a critical
component of the war effort and an important safety issue. Unsafe military
equipment was clearly unacceptable, and the U.S. armed forces inspected
virtually every unit produced to ensure that it was safe for operation. This practice
required huge inspection forces and caused problems in recruiting and retaining
competent inspection personnel.

QUALITY IN THE WW2

To ease the problems without compromising product safety, the armed forces
began to use sampling inspection to replace unit-by-unit inspection. With the aid
of industry consultants, particularly from Bell Laboratories, they adapted sampling
tables and published them in a military standard, known as Mil-Std-105. These
tables were incorporated into the military contracts so suppliers clearly understood
what they were expected to produce.
 QUALITY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
The beginning of the 20th century marked the inclusion of "processes" in quality
practices. A "process" is defined as a group of activities that takes an input, adds
value to it, and provides an output. Walter Shewhart began to focus on controlling
processes in the mid-1920s, making quality relevant not only for the finished
product but for the processes that created it.

QUALITY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

Shewhart recognized that industrial processes yield data. Shewhart determined
this data could be analyzed using statistical techniques to see whether a process
is stable and in control, or if it is being affected by special causes that should be
fixed. In doing so, Shewhart laid the foundation for control charts, a modern-
day quality tool.
W. Edwards Deming, a statistician with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and
Census Bureau, became a proponent of Shewhart’s SQC methods and later
became a leader of the quality movement in both Japan and the United States.

MID – 20TH CENTURY

The birth of total quality in the United States was in direct response to a quality
revolution in Japan following World War II, as major Japanese manufacturers
converted from producing military goods for internal use to producing civilian
goods for trade.
At first, Japan had a widely held reputation for shoddy exports, and their goods
were shunned by international markets. This led Japanese organizations to
THE HISTORY
explore OF TOTAL
new ways QUALITY
of thinking about quality.
 MID – 20TH CENTURY
The Japanese welcomed input from foreign companies and lecturers, including
two American quality experts:
W. Edwards Deming, who had become frustrated with American managers when
most programs for statistical quality control were terminated once the war and
government contracts came to an end.
Joseph M. Juran, who predicted the quality of Japanese goods would overtake
the quality of goods produced in the United States by the mid-1970s because of
Japan’s revolutionary rate of quality improvement.
Japan’s strategies represented the new "total quality" approach. Rather than
relying purely on product inspection, Japanese manufacturers focused on
improving all organizational processes through the people who used them. As a
Deming, Juran,was
result, Japan andable
Japan
to produce higher-quality exports at lower prices, benefiting
consumers throughout the world.

21TH CENTURY
As the 21st century begins, the quality movement has matured. New quality
systems have evolved beyond the foundations laid by Deming, Juran, and the
early Japanese practitioners of quality.
Some examples of this maturation in quality management include:

• Most recently in 2015, the ISO 9001 standard was revised to increase
emphasis on risk management.
• In 2000, the ISO 9000 series of quality management standards was
revised to increase emphasis on customer satisfaction.
• Beginning in 1995, the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award added a
business results criterion to its measures of applicant success.
• Six Sigma, a methodology developed by Motorola to improve its business
processes by minimizing defects, evolved into an organizational approach
that achieved breakthroughs and significant bottom-line results.
 Conclusion

Quality has evolved in every part of the history of humanity, in my opinion

quality has developed at its peak when there has been a reason to
surpass others, such as physical wars or cold wars. For better or for
worse, these decisions are what have made humanity develop in many
more areas than just quality.
 Bibliography

1. History of Quality - Quality Management History | ASQ. (2015). Asq.org.

https://asq.org/quality-resources/history-of-quality

2. Fowler, P. (2019, June 19). PFCS. PFCS.

https://www.petefowler.com/blog/2019/6/19/the-definition-of-quality