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Components of Computer System

The document discusses the key components of a computer system, including hardware, operating systems, and application software. It describes the main hardware components such as the motherboard, CPU, memory (RAM), storage devices, power supply, video card/GPU, and input/output ports. The CPU executes instructions from either ROM or RAM and common types are single/dual/quad core. Memory includes RAM types like SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, and RDRAM. Storage devices include hard drives, floppy drives, optical drives, and flash drives.

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Xian Sheng
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59 views

Components of Computer System

The document discusses the key components of a computer system, including hardware, operating systems, and application software. It describes the main hardware components such as the motherboard, CPU, memory (RAM), storage devices, power supply, video card/GPU, and input/output ports. The CPU executes instructions from either ROM or RAM and common types are single/dual/quad core. Memory includes RAM types like SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, and RDRAM. Storage devices include hard drives, floppy drives, optical drives, and flash drives.

Uploaded by

Xian Sheng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

NOTES

Introduction
Computer system - consists of hardware and software components.

• Hardware - physical equipment


• Operating system (OS) - instructs the computer how to operate.
• Application software - performs different functions or program
with specific task.

Programs vary widely depending on the type of information that


will be accessed or generated.

COMPUTER HARDWARE
1. Motherboard - The motherboard is the main printed circuit board
and contains the buses or electrical pathways, found in a computer.
These buses allow data to travel between the various components
that compromise a computer.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) - The CPU executes a program,
which is a sequence of stored instruction. Each model of processor
has an instruction set, which it executes. The CPU executes the
program by processing each piece of data as directed by the program
and the instruction set.
i. Reduced instruction set computer (RISC) - Are
designed to execute the instructions very rapidly.
ii. Complex instruction set computer (CISC) -
Architectures use a broad set of instructions, resulting in
fewer steps per operation.
iii. Overclocking - technique used to make a processor
work at a faster speed than its original specification.
iv. MMX - set of multimedia instructions built into intel
processors.
1. Single core CPU - one core inside a single CPU
chip that handles all of the processing capability.
2. Dual core CPU - Two cores inside a single CPU
chip in which both cores can process information
at the same time.
3. Quad core CPU - four cores inside a single CPU
chip in which all cores can process information at
the same time.
v. ROM - non-volatile (e.g. Flash drive)
vi. Random-Access Memory (RAM) - It is the temporary
storage for data and programs that are being accessed by
the CPU.
1. SYNCHRONOUS DRAM (SDRAM) - operates
in synchronization with the memory bus.
2. DOUBLE DATA RATE 2 SDRAM (DDR2
SDRAM) - faster than DDR SDRAM memory.
Improves performance over DDR SDRAM by
decreasing noise and crosstalk between the signal
wires.
3. RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM) - Is a memory chip
that was developed to communicate at very high
rates of speed. RDRAM chips are not commonly
used.
3. Power supply - piece of hardware that is used to convert the power
provided from the outlet into usable power of the many parts inside
the computer case.
4. Video card/GPU - video card is a piece of computer hardware that's
numerous contacts on the bottom of the card and one or more ports
on the side for connection to video displays and other devices.
5. Hard drives and floppy drives - storage drive reads or writes
information to magnetic or optical storage media.

COMMON TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES:


• Floppy drive/floppy disk drive - uses removable 3.5-inch floppy
disk.
• Hard drive/ hard disk drive - Magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer.
• Optical Drive - uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There
are two types of optical drivers are CD and DVD media which can
be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once). or re-
recordable
• Flash Drive - also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage
device that connects to a USB port. A flash drive uses a special type
of memory that requires no power to maintain the data.

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