L L N O

TECHNOGRAPH
oIFT L EXCHANGE' DEPT
220A MAIN LiaRA'Y
J-Nil V OF ILL '

ATTM- S. GLAtJ.HU^
u •
MP US

December 1982 Volume 98 issue 3

State administrators look to high technology
Newsstand $1.25 for a solution to the woes of Illinois.
© Easlnum Kixlak Connsiiiy. 1W2

One of the
nations too «
companies in sales or
electronics-related equipment
is Kodak.

Kodak's 400 analyzer. And explo-

application of elec- ration of potential product
tronics technology is improvements in the Kodak
becoming more and Komstar 300 microimage processor,
more extensive every day. That a computer peripheral which uses
means we have growing career op- pulsed laser beams to convert digi-
portunities for electrical/electron- tal data to alphanumeric images

ics engineers. on microfilm at speeds up to 20

In projects as diverse as the times faster than many ink-jet
design and production of output paper printers.
driver chips for the logic and con- If you want to expand your hori-

trol unit of Kodak Ektaprint copier- zons to meet the Kodak challenge, see
duplicators.Development of ad- a Kodak recruiter on your campus.
I
vanced analog and digital tech- Or send your resume to:
nology and sophisticated software Personnel Resources
techniques for blood-chemistry Eastman Kodak Companv
analysis with the Kodak Ektachem Rochester, N.Y. 14650.

Kodak. The right place. The right time.

An equal opportunity employer manufacturing photographic pnxiucts, fibers, plastics, chemicals, and electronic equipment Plants in Rochester. N.Y.;
Kingsport. Tenn.; Windsor, Colo.; Longvicw. Tex.; Columbia, S.C; Batesville, Ark.; and a sales force all over the U.S.
 TAKES ON EXCITING
• NEW DIMENSIONS IN
* THE AIR FORCE.

astronautical, civil, OPPORTUNITIES

electrical, mechanical and IN THE NEW
nuclear. Hundreds of diverse USAF SPACE COMAAAND
pecialties are included in a wide
variety of work settings. For
example, an electrical engineer
may work in aircraft design,
space systems, power production,
communications or research.
A mechanical engineer might be
involved in aircraft structure
Computer-generated design for investigating design, space vehicle launch pad
structural strengths and weaknesses. Artist's concept of the USCS III Defense Satellite
construction, or research. Communications System satellite. (USAF photo.)

PROJECT RESPONSIBILITY Recently, the Air Force

Developing and managing Air
Force engineering projects could COMES EARLY formed a new Space Command.
be the most important exciting ,
IN THE AIR FORCE together space
Its role is to pull
operations and research and
challenge of your life The .

projects extend to virtually every

development efforts, focusing on
the unique technological needs of
engineering frontier.
space systems. This can be your
8CAREER FIELDS opportunity to join the team that
FOR ENGINEERS develops superior space systems
as the Air Force moves into the
twenty-first century.
To learn more about how you
Air Force mechanical engineer inspecting
can be part of the team, see your
aircraft jet engine turbine. Air Force recruiter or call our
Most Air Force engineers Engineer Hotline toll free
have complete project 1-800-531-5826 (in Texas call
responsibility early in their 1-800-292-5366). There's no
careers For example a first
. ,
obligation.
Air Force electrical engineer studying anxrafl lieutenant directed work on a
electrical power supply system.
new airborne electronic system
Engineering opportunities in
the Air Force include these
to pinpoint radiating targets.
Another engineer tested the jet AIM HIGH
eight career areas: aeronautical,
aerospace, architectural,
engines for advanced tanker and
cargo aircraft. AIR FORCE
 5

Talent uses nature's power. Genius preserves it.

Put your energy ideas to work in the • Computer science Indiana • Kentucky Power Co..
American Electric Power System. • Cfiemistry Ashland, Kentucky • Kingsport
We're looking more than
for • Geology Power Co.. Kingsport, Tennessee •
talent. • Mining engineering Michigan Power Co Three Rivers,
.

We're looking for foresigfit. To • Nuclear engineering Michigan • Ohio Power Co.. Canton,
manage our resources today. And • Operations research Ohio • Wheeling Electric Co..
preserve our energy independence • Chemical engineering Wheeling, West Virginia
tomorrow. • Business administration — And overseeing the entire
If you are graduating witfi a ma- accounting/economics/finance System is our management and
jor in any of tfiese areas, opportunities The AEP System's eight operating technology arm, the AEP Service
are available witfiin tfie AEP System: companies serve 7 million people in Corporation.
• Electrical engineering seven East-Central states: Find out where you might put
• Mechanical engineering AppalaL.iian Power Co.. Roanoke. your ideas to work in the AEP
• Environmental engineering Virginia • Columbus & Southern Ohio System, We invite you to contact the
• Communications engineering Electric Co. . Columbus, Ohio • Indiana Personnel Department at AEP or at
• Civil engineering & Michigan Electric Co.. Fort Wayne, any of the companies listed.

American Electric Power

180 East Broad Street
Columbus. Ohio 4321 An equal opportunity employer
 ILLINOIS
TECHNOGRAPH
December 1982 Volume 98 issue 3 © 1982 Illini Publishing Company

Making the Best of Disabilities

Robert Ekhlau concludes his series on accomodations for the
handicapped.

Opto-electronic Chip
Rob Busse explains how the opto-electronic chip will further
minimize circuit size.

A New Breed of Reactors

The technical and political intricacies of the Clinch River Breeder
Reactor are exposed by Laura Kasper.

Industry and Education

Politics and expensive land are among the factors formulating
high-tech policy. Joe Culkar reports.

Engineers and the Recession

Jim O'Hagan updates current college recruitment.

A Monopoly on Life
Charley Kline uncovers some of the mystery of the versatile DNA
molecule.

Departments
Tech Teasers 4, Forum 5, Technovisions 14. Technotes 18,
Technovations 25. Tech Profiles 27

On the Cover: The governor of Illinois is making a bid to draw high

technology industry to the state. Will tasks like this fill the idle hands of
Illinois workers in the future^ t photo by Randy Stukenberg)
 .

EDITORIAL TECH TEASERS

Film at Eleven • Another 700 layoffs at Illinois based 1. 32.547.891 x 6 = 195,287.346

agricultural equipment firms increased the On both sides of the equals sign, all nine
states already soaring unemployment rate. digits (1 through 9) are used once, but not
kniiw the semester was long, and
there
1

was mit much time to spend on things

Which is worse — high unemployment, necessarily in order. Find another instance
inflation, or both of the above? where this occurs, using 6 as a multiplier
other than the hare essentials: eating,
• Who really is the governor of again.
sleeping, studying, and drinking, not
necessanly in that order. Few were the
Illinois? A sportsperson wishes to go skiing
2.
• The Urbana-Champaign Senate in themountains for a week. She packs up
times we watched the news or perused a
approved the proposal to move Reading her 170 cm skis in a mailing tube for the
newspaper, but we really do have a
Day to the Saturday prior to final exams. plane flight, only to find that the airiine will
responsibilty to keep up with our volatile
Why did the faculty senators ignore the not accept any package that has any dimen-
surroundings.
desires and needs of the students? sion greater than one meter. Undaunted by
Therefore. 1 suggest that over the
• Is Reagan administration pursuing
the this troublesome rule, she re-packs her skis
winter hreak we
watch whatall try to
an isolationist tack by insisting that valuable in a manner that the airiine will accept. Can
happens in the news. With this in mind I'll
European allies obey U.S. economic you figure out how she packed them? She
throw out some issues that you might want
sanctions against the Siberian oil pipeline? did not have folding skis, and she did not
to pay attention to.
• Several states passed non-binding alter their physical configuration in any
• Extra Strength Tylenol. Extra
resolutions for a freeze on nuclear arms in way.
Strength Anacin. and several other
the recent elections. The people obviously 3. Find the smallest number which
over-the-counter medications including eye
want a change. How long can we collect when divided by 45 leaves a remainder of
drops were tampiered with b\' someone who
the weapons of our own destruction at a 4. by 454 leaves a remainder of 45, by
intended to harm innocent people. Why do
break neck pace? 4545 a remainder of 454, and by 45454 a
crazy people victimize the public with their
• The stadium seems to sway during remainder of 4545
poisoning schemes, and how can we
football games, but structural engineers 4. In 1928. the month of Februar>' had
prevent them in the future?
hired by the University said it was nothing five Wednesdays. Find the latest year before
• How long will the marines stay in
to worry about. Now the University wants 1928 and the earliest year after 1928 where
Lebanon?
to use the stadium for commemcement this same amazing thing happened. There
• Since U.S. District Judge Terry
ceremonies. Will it fall down during are many other dates before and after 1928
Hatter has ruled ti.e last draft registration
graduation? where it occurred, and you ma\ find them
invalid, will we all have to go through the
• Now that the football strike is over, if you wish.
whole painful process again?
who do people realize the economic anguish it 5. How many triangles are in this fi-
• How did 198 people earned over
caused several major cities with football gure?
S200.000 1980 get away without paying
in
teams? How can professional sfwrts have
a cent in income ta.xes?
• If Northwestern University tuition is
such impact on a city?
• Illinois state schools are begging for
taxed by the city of Evanston. how could
more money from the state, but the
that affect the University of Illinois'
Governor says there is none to be had. Is
relationship with the cities of Urbana and
there a better way to fund higher education?
Champaign?
So there is my list of suggested issues
• Will the Illinois State Scholarship
to watch over break. Sometime in between
Commission receive their requested 239^
all the yuletide cheer read Time or some
increase from SI 34 million to $165 million
other publication besides a text book. You
to allow a maximum grant of S2300 as
might even make it a New Year's resolution
oppt)sed to S2000?
to make a habit of watching the world
• Leonid Brezhnev has died. What
around you even during school.
relationship will President Reagan have with
the new Soviet Andropov?
leader. Yuri
• Will we ever know the whole story
.4;i,vucr.s on page 24
of what happened to Lech Walesa during
his impnsonment in Poland?
f/^jjvy^
0. Ujiyv^yy-
• What went wrong with the shuttle

pilots" space suits to prevent them from

venairing out into space for the first

American space-walk in nine years'.'

 FORUM STAFF

^Rgh Fidelity Piracy common people who save money. New Editor Kevin Wenzel
by Eric Guarin albums or tapes cost about eight dollars Production Editor Larry Mallak
each; at those prices, buying illegally for Business Manager Jim Lee
Ruffians with eye patches, wooden less gains a certain definite appeal. Copy Editor Charley Kline
legs, and parrots perched on their shoulders
An example is in order. As an Asst. Copy Editor Raymond Hightower
altemative to buying illegal recordings, a Photo Editor Randy Stukenberg
are not often seen by the average person;
person could watch for sales and shop Langdon Alger
however, one may see dozens or even Features Editor
discount music stores or mail-order houses. Design Nancy Grunthaner
scores of pirates daily. No. not during
Depending on the listener's taste in music,
Halloween and no, not during the filming of Assistant Design Beth Beauvais
this can decrease the cost of a single album
a new swashbuckling epic; these "pirates"
to four or five dollars. On the other hand, a
are pirates of a different sort. The
professionals among them can make premium grade tape will cost somewhat less
Publisher E. Mayer Maloney, Jr.
six-figure incomes with sales comprising a and will accomodate two single albums, for
Production Manager Geoff Bant
reputed 30 to 50 percent share of popular
under half the cost per album on the Adviser Ed Mast
legitimate market. If just adequate fidelity
tape and other music markets. The more
gentile and refined of them can even be
suffices, decent tape may be purchased for

found in New York's Metropolitan Opera

less thanone dollar for a length of tape
House. But just what sort of "pirate" is
which accomodates two albums. This
corresponds to one eighth of the cost of Editorial Staff
under consideration here'.' That's an easy
buying new records, and the illustration Steve Alexander Eric Guarin
question; music pirates, and not of the
"Pirates of Penzance" sort either.
serves to show how do-it-yourself taping Rob Busse Chris Konitzer
Copyright law governs the legality of can really save money. Doug Campoli Laura Kosper
most forms of copying: words, pictures,
Exactly why these savings are worth Tushar Chande James O'Hagan
the risk of incarceration is easy to explain; Joe Culkar Bill Proctor
music, etc. Copyright laws change with
the risk is very small. Although professional Tad Dierkes John Przybysz
time, but the general idea behind the laws is
"pirates-for-profit" are indeed caught and James Ehrhart Thom Roe
to fairly reward the artist and other involved
parties for their efforts. Consequently, when
prosecuted, punishment may not be very Robert Ekblaw Doug Shaw
severe; and home tapists who do not sell Andrew Saporoschenko
Joe buys an album and makes a tape of said Jane Fiala
album for use in his car, that's fine, since their work are even less likely to get caught. Elayne Fletcher Yuki Spellman
when he originally bought the album part of Also, home taping lends itself to
Mary Kay Flick Robert Strahanowski
rationalizing; it is easy, for instance, to
the price he paid went to the artist as
simply believe that record companies inflate
royalties. On the other hand, Joe cannot
profits so ridiculously that they deserve to Business Staff
legally borrow an album from Jane and tape
it, because the artist then gets nothing from
be ripped off. Of course, a savings of fifty
Brian Carlson
to ninety percent lends a lot of weight to Jeff Lee
Joe's use of his composition. If Joe not only
tapes the album but sells the tape, this hurts
such reasoning. Donna Obermaier
What whole mess boils down to
the is
the artist even more, since he not only gets
this: record companies scream bloody
nothing from the transaction but the
legitimate sales of his work are being cut in murder and say "that's not legal" while
two. Of course, the public may not care people tranquilly reply "who cares?".

_about the artist's fate, or about the fate of Home taping is like speeding; although it's Copynght Ulini Publishing Co., 1982
Illinois Technograph
^^e person who produce the illegal, anyway. The law
people do it
helped the artist (USPS 258-760)
^Work. Therein should concentrate on the speeders more Vol, 98 No. 3 December 1982
lies a basic conflict.
Unlawful taping is exactly than home tapists, who aren't nearly as niuiois Technograph is published five times during the
academic year the University of Illinois at Urbana-
— —
^lat unlawful iiut few really seem to dangerous. In the meantime, "damn the
torpedoes" and full (tape) speed ahead!
Champaign,
at

Published by Publishing Co 620 East John

IB'e, and they tape anyway. Why would all
lllini , St..

Champaign, Illinois. 61820 Editorial and Business offices of

Tnese people knowingly violate the law? the Illinois Technograph R^K^m .^02 Engineenng Hall. Urtana.

There are two main reasons: lack of Illinois. 61801. phone |2I7) .1.1.1-17.10

Advertising h\ LiiterMurravBamhill. Inc., 1,128 Broad-

enforcement, and economics. Foram is intended a.s an open exchange of views and
wav. New York. N,Y., lOOOl; 221 N. USalle Street, Chica-
ideas on areas of interest to the Engineenng campus. All Uni-
Perhaps the, biggest reason people go,' [L,, 60601
versitv studentsand facults memberi. are invited to contribute
Entered as second class maner. October 30, 1920, al the
make illegal recordings has to do with anicles for Forum, Anicles mav be editorial in nature, and
post office al Urbana, Illinois under the act of March 3. 1879.
money; this is true for both the professionals must be signed.
Illinois Technograph is a member of Engineering College

who are making money and for more Magazines Associated.

 Living with Disabilities

Educational and living services allow disabled

students more opportunities.

b\ Robert A. Hkblaw

i.v ihi' M'ctmil pcirl oj a two pan xeries on facilities

available I m hamt- 1. Issuance of varsity letters to outstanding wheelchair and blitl
This
icapped people on campus. The first part appeared in the November. N,\2 University athletes.
issue. 2. Selection of a woman wheelchair athlete as Athlete of the
Year, as well as several wheelchair athletes of both sexes for Athlete
Imagine walking down W'nght Street. All ot a sudden, a strange of the Month.
electronic hum is heard t'lom behind. Then, a low \oice is heard call- .^. Initiation of pilot training for individuals in wheelchairs with
ing, ""txcusc me. may get through'.'"' A young man in a wheelchair
1
the University of Illinois Institute of Aviation (this program has pro-
passes and rolls onto a metal platt'omi next to a bus. The plattomi duced over 50 licensed wheelchair graduates).
rises slowly, till it is level with the floor of the bus. The doors close. 4. Development of the Ms. Kids women's athletic teams.
and the bus drives away. The letters on the side read. •"Rehabilitation 5. Continuing the growth of the National Wheelchair Basketball
Hducation Center."" How was the bus equipped to handle the man. Association, which was began at the University of Illinois in 1948.
and where did the man li\e.' The Di\ision of Rehabilitation Educa- This program now has 165 teams in 27 conferences.
tion Ser\ices has the answer to these questions. 6. Appointment of a director, chosen from the staff at the Re-
The Uni\ersity ot Illinois Rehabilitation Education Program be- habilitation Education Center, to head a special committee to the
gan in 1947 on the University "s Galesburg Campus. When the Gales- NCAA regarding creation of a series of intercollegiate sports for
burg Campus closed in 1949. the program moved to the Urhana- wheelchair and other disabled athletes.
Champaign campus. This program, headed by Professor Timothy J. 7. Research into a multitude of technological, educational, and
Nugent, concentrated on providing accomodations for paraplegic and other disciplines for the purpose of assisting handicapped students and
quadnplegic students. Now housed in the Rehabilitation Education personnel.
Center at 1207 Oak program is responsible for the
Street, the 8. Merging of physical therapy and exercise therapy into a sing-
arrangements for ramp construction and building refurbishing, as well le, comprehensive clinic, as well as training qualified personnel in
as exciting extras like the bus lifts, special sports competitions, and athletic training, sports medicine, and other fields which benefit those
the Beckwith Living Center. Professor Nugent, long concerned with with disabilities.
the needs of these extraordinary students, devised many original The Rehabilitation Education Center and the Division of Rehabi-
ideas. The Rehabilitation Program here at was the first
the University litationEducation Services have received many state, national, and
such program to be initiated at a major educational facility. The bus international awards and recognitions for the large number of projects
lift, a metal hydraulic platform used to raise wheelchairs from the completed at the University for use by paraplegics. Several
"

"experi-
ground to the bus. was another technical advance created by the Re- ments"" run by University students or staff, supervised by members
habilitation Program. Their national debut was here on the University of the Center or the Division, have been emulated by organizations
campus. In fact, until 1980. the University of Illinois was the only all around the nation. The program here at the University of Illinois

college campus in the nation to use a bus lift, and they have been in was instrumental in creating a new educational field which has to do
service here since 1949. with the design and construction of tools to assist in the daily living
In 1965. the program moved into the Rehabilitation Education of paraplegics. This field, called Rehabilitation Engineering, is avail-
Center, its present location. It contains areas focused toward the able to students at many universities across the country. The work of
handicapped saidents as well as business offices. There are counsel- Professor Nugent and the Division of Rehabilitation Education Ser-
ing otfices. medical oftlces. a library, a meeting room, a recreation vices has made all this possible.
rix>m. and a physical therap>' department. The physical therapy de- The center"s work has not stopped with the activities, education,
partment handles special exercises, instruction, and skills designed to training, and facilities it has instituted to date. Several years ago. it

tone both the mind and bod> of the student. The center also contains realized that the domi facilities for paraplegic living were inadequate.
services and instructional facilities used to train handicapped students With a healthy donation from Guy M. Beckwith. a retired Illinois
and their aides. For example, the center is responsible for instruction farmer, construction began on a new living center for handicapped
in man\ of the technical utilities available at the center for use by the students. Ground was broken on the two-hundred block of East John^
handicapped. These utilities include braille printers, tape recorders, Street in Champaign. Finally, in August 1981. the first student |r
and talking computers, all of which where either designed or tested moved into the new building. It was officially dedicated on May 12,
by people who attended the University of Illinois. 1982 as the Guy M. Beckw^ith Center for Paraplegics.
From w ithin the halls of this building. Professor Nugent and his Beckwith. as stated by Professor Nugent, is ""the first of its 0^-
staff ctxirdinate activities, facilities, and instruction for the handicap- kind."" It is the only facility in the nation specially designed as a Iiv^_
ped students attending the University. Some of the activities and ing quarters for the severely handicapped. The Living Center is de-
accomplishments of members of the Reiiabilitation Education Ser- finitely the best furnished facility for handicapped citizens. The first
vices program are: fioor of the two-story construction contains twenty sleeping/study
 The Guy M Bechvith Center far Paraplegics, (photo by Jane Fiala)

rooms for the occupants of the hving center. These rooms contain the through a glass patio door. These terraces serve both as scenic over-
finest in technological aids. The light switches are large indented looks and as fire escapes.
plastic platforms, that activate with Just a bmsh of a hand. There is a Perhaps the most interesting of the rooms on the second floor of
push-button intercom on the wall, enabling the residents to signal the Beckwith is the ""efficiency apartment." This place has several ap-
directors of the center. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Thorton. if there is pliances found in an average home, with a few subtle difl'crcnces.
anything wrong. The telephone is connected to a speaker intercom The oven, stove,and dishwasher have touch controls. The refrigera-
system (similar to that used in business offices), so that it is not tor has several low shelves, since those in wheelchairs could not
necessary to hold the phone up to the ear to talk or listen to the per- reach up high. The folding ""hide-away" bed is hinged so a slight
son on the other end of the line. There is a nurse's call button by push will retract it into the wall. The closet is large and wide, enabl-
every bed which can be activated with just the press of a button. Ev- ing the paraplegic to just roll his wheelchair in. The bathroom has all
ery room has a smoke detector and emergency sprinkler. The bath- the aspects of those on the first floor, plus it has a shower with a
room has a low sink accessible from the wheelchair and a bar next to seat. If the person does not have the ami strength to lift himself out

the toilet to allow the resident to transfer from his chair to the seat. of the chair onto the seat, a special shower chair is available. The
The lounge is located on the first fioor, complete with a color chair, a water-resistant version of the common wheelchair, would just
television. It is a great place to watch television, meet with visitors. wheel into the shower. The shower seat is hinged and is just lilted
or just relax after a long day. Next to the lounge is the dining room and locked against the stall wall.
and an adjoining kitchen. Beckwith has a live-in cook who makes The second floor also contains a medical office. Beckwith has
three meals daily for the residents. The dining room has tables that two professional medical staff members and eight pre-nied students
are low, only inches above the armrests of the wheelchairs. This en- available to them for use in medical situations. Next to the medical
ables the residents to wheel under them and eat in perfect comfort, office, there is a large room used for emergency care, if needed. As
without having to reach up to rest their arms on the table. The tables of yet, it has not been needed, so the RX)m has been u.sed as a
are connected to the walls, in such a way that they can be raised and lounge.
stored within them when not in use. Thus, the table has only one Beckwith houses twelve paraplegic residents at the present time.
'"leg", located at the very end of the table. This eliminates the need All of them attend class at the University, in the same classes and
for the ""extra" legs that would only be an inconvenience for a per- majors as everyone else. The residents are detemiined to be like
son in a wheelchair. everyone else and to be able to make it on their own. At Beckwith,

• The last

irary contain
c residents.
room on the
books, but
Needless to say.
first

it
floor
has three
this is
is

one
the library.
PLATO
Not only does
terminals for use by
of the favorite rooms of
the they are allowed to do everything they can before receiving help. The
major job of the staff at Beckwith is to regulate the diet and health
habits of the residents. Since most of the residents were victims of
both residents and visitors. car or sports accidents, they knew an active life before, and are ex-
tremely determined to remain active. Most of them are involved in
j^ Accessible by an extra-large elevator (to allow room for several
^^eelchairs), the second floor of Beckwith contains two more sleep- fraternity, sorority, and campus activities. From talking with the resi-
^ig/study rooms, as well as one-bedroom and two-bedroom apart- dents of Beckwith, one can realize the strength of their detemiination.
ments. A married couple, the husband being a paraplegic student. It is painful to think of what their lives would be like without the

lives in one of the two-bedroom apartments. Each of the bedrooms work of Professor Nugent and the Division of Rehabilitation Educa-
and apartments on the second fioor has a wooden terrace, accessible tion Services. T
 Opto-electronic Chips

Research is being conducted on an improvement to

the electronic chip.

by Kob Kiisse

Twenty
five years ago, the transistor
an infant device. The basic theorv'
v\;is still AIGaAs chip with CJaAs-AIAs laser
behind this dc\icc \\as still beins: explored
b\ U;irdeen, Hall. Ha\nes and Shockley.
arni)ng others. Out ot the work ot these
[X-'ople sprung a revolution in the field of
electronics. Now, a newly developed
technology offers a substiuite for the widely
Used electnmic semi-conductor chip.
Researchers working at the LIniversity
ot Illinois Solid State Devices Laboratory, GaAtAs laser

led by Nick Holonyak Jr.. are developing a

new type of integrated circuit chip which
uses photons instead of electrons to carry
the signal through the semi-conductor chip. l?() A
Holonyak is v\ell known for de\eloping the
first red light-emitting diode (LKDl and the 45 A
red solid-state laser. His work with
solid-stale lasers still continues in

llolonyak's present research.

Holonyak has been working with
gallium ai'senide (GaAs) and aluminum
arsenide (AlAs) semiconductor lasers. When tron. Eo = he ^ X (h = Plank's constant, c one small piece of semi-conductor material.
layers of GaAs and AlAs are fabricated one = speed of light. X = wavelength), the Holonyak's group fabricates their lasers by
on top of the other, they form a energy of an electron is increased by mak- forming a crystal with 40 alternating layers
heterojunction laser which emits light of ing the GaAs layers narrower. Increasing of 45 A thick GaAs and 150 A thick AlAs.
1.42 eV. which is in in the near infa-red the energy of the electrons in the GaAs. With these dimensions, the lasers emit light
region. Holonyak has been using 45 A causes the energy difference between elec- with an energy of 1.61 eV. Zinc is then
layers of GaAs sandwiched between 150 A trons in the AlAs and the GaAs to decrease. introduced into the crystal except where the
layers of AlAs. with one chip consisting of This results in an emitted light with lower crystal has been protected by a mask. The

40 of these layers. At these narrow widths, energy. small amount of zinc disturbs the uniformity
the quantum mechanic wave nature of the Usually, a GaAs- AlAs laser emits light of the layers of GaAs and AlAs so that a
electrons becomes important. of 1.42 eV. By making the layers of GaAs crystal ofAIGaAs is fonned with regions of
Under nomial conditions, the light narrower. Holonyak has been able to make the fomier GaAs-AlAs crystal lattice left
emitted from a GaAs-AlAs laser is prop- lasers with energies anywhere between 1 .42 untouched (Fig. 1). The result is many areas
ortional to the energy difference between the eV and 2.00 eV. The result is a wider range of GaAs-AIAs imbedded within a crystal of
electron energy levels in the GaAs and of available laser light. Semi-conductor las- AIGaAs.
AlAs. When the widths of the GaAs layers ers are very efficient and small. A quarter Since the GaAs-AlAs lasers are formed
are decreased, the wave nature of the elec- millimeter square semi-conductor laser can in a semi-conductor material, other kinds of
tron affects the differences in electron ener- emit as much pwwer as a three foot CO: semi-conductor devices can be formed in
gies. At very narrow widths, the electron laser. Because of their small size and effi- the AIGaAs along with the lasers. With the
has a wavelength equal to the width of the ciency, semi-conductor lasers are very use- other devices present, the chip begins to Sj
GaAs layer. Since the energy of an elec- full. Being able to create the wavelength of look like an integrated circuit.
light required is a desirable quality in a las-
er.

large
Since semi-conductor lasers are small, a
number of them can be fabricated on €
 (7) CciAs-AIAs laser Depicted is a simple opto-electronic devwe. A
(T) Transistor or any other solid state device light signal enters and travels down the optical
® Photo-diode or similar device which path to a photodiode where the signal is spin
changes the light signal into an electrical into an electrical signal and an optical signal.
signal The a transistor,
electrical signal is sent to
•mm optical waveguide while the light signal is transformed into an
conduction path electrical signal, then back to a light signal by a
e signal is electronic laser. The resultant light signal is then sent to
7 signal is a light wave other devices.

Although they are still in the interference. The lasers would be used to Holonyak further explained that his
theoretical stage, these new chips will connect different kinds of chips to form work was primarilly developing better
consist of lasers and transistors contained in larger circuits. Different chips could even be GaAs-AlAs lasers, which is the heart of the
one crystal. The laserswould be used to formed in layers on top of each other with opto-electronic chip. Some of their next
receive a signal coming into the chip and the lasers connecting the signal to the experiments involve subjecting these lasers
then send the signal to various parts of the different layers. This would enable circuitry to pressures of over lO.OtX) atmospheres.
chip through optical waveguides or tlbers. which normally consists of many integrated High pressures exerted on the layers of
Transistors in a section of the chip would be circuit chips mounted on a circuit board to GaAs and AlAs would cause the thickness
connected by conduction paths so that be formed in one layered opto-electronic of the material to vary, which would affect
electrons would be used in these parts of the chip with each layer doing the job of one of the wavelength of emitted light.
chip. When an electrical signal must be sent the conventional integrated chips. This kind The opto-electronic chip is a promising
a sizeable distance to another section of the of fabrication would lead to further innovation in electronics. Holonyak's group
chip or to another chip entirely, the signal miniaturization of electronic circuits. of researchers are just beginning to explore
would be fed into one of the lasers and a The age of the opto-electronic chip is the building bkx;ks of this chip. In time the
light signal would be directed to the least 25 years away, predicts
still at opto-electronic chip will become as
necessary place, where the light beam Holonyak. His group of researchers is still common in everyone's life as the electronic
would be reconverted into an electrical involved with exploring the properties of the chip is now. All because of some research
signal. (Fig 2.) GaAs-AlAs lasers so that opto-electronic in solid-state lasers now going on in the
The lasers would replace many of the chips may one day be fabricated. University's Solid State Devices Labor-
^pctrical connections in conventional "Twenty-five years ago, we were working atory. T
Wtegrated circuit chips. The reduced number on putting a layer of metal-oxide on
of electrical contacts would mean a reduced silicon," Holonyak said. "We didn't
^jsceptibility to electrical noise and actually build the devices. That's the stage
we're at now. We are developing the theory
of these devices which will then allow other
f)eople to design circuits out of
opto-electronic chips."
Tlie Dispersion Analysis
Exhaust dispersion near a roadway is influenced by the
turbule}ice a?id heat generated liy moving vehicles. Findings
at the General Motors Research Laboratories have provided
a new understanding of the dispersion process.

Tracer Concentrations
The buoyanc\' Hux, B, is

tional to the heat emission rate of

propor- the
and
When the wind
first traffic lane.
are in the same direc-
THE
the vehicles.
traffic
tion, the high shear region occurs MAN
Moving vehicles also en- in the median of the road, hi these BEHIM)
hance both turbulence intensity
and mixing. To determine how this
high shear regions, large eddies are
generated and turbulent mixing is
THE
modifies the edd\- diffusivity ten- intense. The gra\' lines in I^'igure 1
WORK
sor. K,,. Dr. Chock invoked a "sec- show a comparison (jf the model's Dr. Da\'icl Chock
ond-order closure" assumption, predictions with the tracer data for is a Senior Staft
which relates eddy diffusivity to the case illustrated by Figure '1. Research Scien
Reynolds stresses and the gra- Notice that the peak concentration tist in the En
dients of mean wind velocity and can actually occur on the upwind \' ironmen t al
mean temperature. Eddy diffusiv- roadside, due to the exhaust trans- Science Department at the tienera
ity was assumed to be the sum of port by these large eddies. Dr. Motors Research Laboratories.
ambient and traffic contributions. Chock's model is the first to predict Dr. Chock received his Ph.D
To determine the tratific contribu- this occurrence. in Chemical Physics from the Uni
tion, the length scale of the trafific- Under all combinations of \ersity of Chicago. His thesis con
induced turbulence was assumed wind speeds and directions, the cerned the quantum mechanics of
to be comparable to vehicle predictions based on the model molecules and molecular crystals
height— 1.5 m. compare favorabh' with the mea- As a Postdoctoral Fellow at the
sured tracer concentrations. There Free Uni\ersit\' of Brussels, he did
is little systematic bias with respect research work on the dynamics of
USING THE vast data base
compiled during the experi-
to wind direction.
"In light of this new model,
critical phenomena. He did addi
tiiinal postdoctoral work in the
ment. Dr. Chock was able to spec- exhaust dispersion near a roadway fields of solid-.state ph\ sics and fiiiid

ify Kjj and the mean crossroad and can now be predicted with reliabil- tlynamics.
vertical wind components, and ity," says Dr. Chock. "This is of Dr. Chock joined the cor
solve the equation numerically.To importance for environmentally poration in 1972. He is leader of the
test the model, half-hour measure- sound road planning, and opens the GM atmospheric modeling group
ments were used to
of a tracer gas door to the investigation of disper- His current research interests in
map out experimentally the ex- sion on city streets, where the pres- elude the phenomena of atmo
haust dispersion under various me- ence of tall structures introduces si)heric transport and reactions
teorological conditions. The case even further complexity." and the statistical study of time
where the wind speed is low and tlie series data.
wind direction is nearly perpendic-
ular to the roadway is represented General Motors
by tlie black lines in Hgure 1. Both
the model and the experiment show
the same dispersion ])attern. The
peak concentration is on the down-
wind roadside.
When the wind is nearly par-
allel to the road, the situation is
much more complicated. F'igure 2
shows that when the wind and
tratlfic flow on the upwind lanes op-
pose each other, a high shear re-
gion occurs immediateh' upwind of
 A New Breed of
Reactors
Nuclear fuel controversy burns from Tennessee to
Washington.
by Laura Kasficr
%
For over twenty years the feasibility
a breeder reactor in the U.S. has been
thoroughly researched, and the research has
finally gone the way of production. As with
every major issue, though, the thought of a
reactor in Tennessee has raised quite a
controversy.
The Clinch River Breeder Reactor
Plant Project, in planning stages since 1972,
will be the first breeder of its kind in

commercial production in America if it

receives Congressional approval. It will

utilizeplutonium-239 (Pu^"^) and
uranium-238 (U-'"*)in a fission process that
produces an excess of fuel.
Plutonium-239 is the fissionable
material. It collides with a neutron, which
causes the plutonium to break apart and
release a large quantity of energy in the
form of heat. The heat is used to boil water
and create steam that rotates the blades of a
turbine. The axle of the turbine turns a
generator that produces electricity.
The fission process also produces two
to three neutrons. One of these keeps the
chain reaction going, and the other one or
two are absorbed by U-238, which becomes
Pu-239. This brings the process back to step
one. where Pu-239 was used as the initial

fuel.The process has completed its cycle,

and at the same time, it has provided energy
for public use.
As planned, the Clinch River Plant will
be a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor
(LMFBR). This type of reactor utilizes a
metal, in this case sodium, at temperatures
above its melting point. "Fast" refers to the
velocity of high energy neutrons asopposed
to "thermal", which refers to the lower
vekx;ity of lower energy neutrons.
Governments worldwide consider the
LMFBR to be the most practical of all typeg
of breeders. There are breeders in operatioiP
today such as the Phenix in France, the
BN-350 in the U . S S
. . R . . and the PFR in

!'lu' Clinch Rivi'r Hrcedcr Ran tin- Plain Pnijecl (pholo courtcsx of Project Maiuisicinent Corp.) the United Kingdom.
Although the research has been V
completed and parts such as steam
generators have been contracted and built,
the project is still having problems in
Congress. Under the Nixon administration,
the planning was begun, and the project
 Shown is ihe fission reaction undergone hv

Plutonium when struck by a neutron. The

process produces three neutrons, heat, and two
Jission products usually about half the mass of
Plutonium.

^uld have been completed by late1982 if Fission of Plutoniuin-239

the Carter administration hadn't been so
vehemently opposed to its construction. As
of this writing. Congress is split over the
issue. It is quite likely that the project will
be completed, however, due partially to
President Reagan's pro-nuclear policies, and
0-
also to the suppwrt of Senator Howard
Baker. According to plan, the Clinch River
Plant will be located in Oak Ridge.
Tennessee — in the state that Senator Baker
represents. The plant will create 4,100 jobs
at the height of construction, and about 240 Heat
employees will be needed while the plant is
in operation. The 4.100 jobs would be an
economic plus for Tennessee, thus Senator The obsolescence angle is another Some of the economical details of the
Baker wants the project for his state. worry. Though Clinch River would be a plant's function include a breeder's
River have compiled
Critics of Clinch first for the U.S.. breeder reactors already relatively low cost in the long run. Not only
a surprisingly large number of arguments in existence in foreign countries are more does itproduce more fuel than it uses, but
against the completion of the plant. A innovative and technologically advanced U"""*, used in a breeder with a neutron to
Senate subcommittee has published a report than the one which still lies on U.S.
virtually useless in
create Pu"''', is its
detailing many of its major criticisms drawing boards. The subcommittee present state. The conversion to plutonium
entitled ""A Cost and Technical Fiasco". members argue that Clinch River would be fuel enables efficient utilization of existing
The three main arguments cited in the report a waste of money and time if it turns out to stockpiles of U""'', which presently consists
are financial abuse, safety quirks, and the be obsolete prior to its existence. of over 280,000 short tons. If used in a
effects of obsolescence in a project of this Proponents of Clinch River have breeder, that much uranium would have a
size. counter-arguments for all of the preceeding potential energy equal to 2,400 billion
The project was originally financed at points. They claim that the overall price has barrels of oil. Theoretically, no more
S669 million, but due to delays and what been increased due to stalling on the part of uranium would have to be mined for several
the committeemen refer to as financial Congress. When the project was started in centuries. Clinch River is the U.S.'s first
abuse, it now $3.2
carries a price tag of 1972, it would have cost much less than step toward relying on nuclear power in
billion. There have been legal problems today's projected cost. As far as safety is massive quantities.
having to do with contracts that are unclear concerned, this is not the first, nor will it be Clinch River will have the capacity of
and incomplete; there are some contracts the last instance where engineers will work generating 375 megawatts of electric and
that are lacking in technical specifications. with and benefit from the properties of operate under the Tennessee Valley
Labor costs, along with the costs of several hazardous materials such as sodium and Authority System. The breeder has been
delays have turned a S5 million steam plutonium. The toxicology of both elements referred to as a "stepping stone to a 1200
generator into a S7I million project. has been well researched. megawatt plant". It is a basic, logical step
Although the people in charge of Much has been done to inform the in research and development to build a plant
Clinch River claim to have everything under public of the importance of breeder reactors. of this size. Also, the project is 86%
control, the coolant used in the reactor has The U.S. Department of Energy has been in complete, waiting only for a license from
^»:ome a controversy. The liquid sodium charge of managing the Clinch River the government. If the plan is halted at this
^Rd for heat transfer is highly volatile. Project; other day-to-day management duties stage, over a billion dollars in
equipment
Another safety problem concerns the are handled by the Tennessee Valley and technology would be lost.
plutonium as an energy source, Authority, Commonwealth lidison Now it is up to Congress to decide
fof ics are worried about using plutonium Company, and Project Management whether Oak Ridge, Tennessee, gains a
to the high security risk. They imagine Corporation. The Project Management nuclear breeder reactor or a $1.2 billion pile
Clinch River plant
terrorists infiltrating the Corporation was organized especially for the of scrap metal and ore.T
and stealing plutonium to produce nuclear Clinch River project. These companies have
bombs. Also, this fear will add to the all put money into the project; their latest
breeder's price tag in the form of more public relations campaign was a display at
elaborate security systems. the 1982 Worid's Fair in Knoxville that
featured a full-scale mock reactor core along
with a computer game explaining the details
of the plant.

13
TECHNOVISIONS

«l
text .iiul photos b\ R;iikI\ Stiikciilx'rg

Liberty Bowl Bound

The Fighting IMini finished regular
season play with a 7-4 record, qualit'ying
them tor a Liberts Bow I hitl. which will be

pla\ed on December 2.S. Ihis will be the

hni's tlrst bowl game appearance since the
Rose Bowl in 1^)63. Quarterback Tony
Easiin and kicker Mike Bass broke seven
NCAA and Big Ten passing and kicking
records. Next yeiir. Rose Bowl. Rose
.
.'.'

Bowl, Ooh Ah.

15
 Industry and Education

Bonding business and education

is a sticky situation.

by JcK- C'ulkar

Unknown to many people here at the

university, the Governor's Task Force on
High Technology has been working on
making recommendations on how the state
can attract high-tech industries. Tlie Task
Force submitted its ten page rep<irt to
Governor Thompson in March. The Task
Force, which included presidents from four
universities in Illinois and an impressive list ..idSiL^
of business leaders, presented an outline for
Id CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
the attractionand "nurturing" of companies
within the state based on new and emerging
itTil RESEARCH LABORATORY

technologies. Recommendations include

establishing, in the appropriate areas,
centers of technical excellence that will
I
draw upon the work being done at a nearby
university, as well as special incentives,
such as loans and industrial revenue bonds.
All in all, the Task Force suggested a
'". .comprehensive long range plan. ."".
. .

The plan, or a part of it, has already

been put into action. On August 24, 1982
the state and the University of Illinois Circle
Campus announced the formation of a
research park in Chicago. The park is to be certain to be a magnet tor people, attracting with a building and reasonable room for
located on or near the UICC campus with top researchers, students, and industries to expansion costs about $1 million. Granted,
the specific task of fostering research and the area as did the Illiac IV computer not all new companies need to start with
development in biomedicine and biomedical project and as the Plato project still does. such a facility, but compare it with Stanford
applications. On October 29, the state and The microelectronics center is a small University's policy of giving land to new
the University of but important part of the '"bait"" used to companies. This is one of the many reasons
Illinois —UrbanayChampaign announced a attract industry to the area. More important for the growth of technical companies in the

plan for the creation of a microelectronics is the area's busines climate. Changes must areas surrounding Stanford
center on campus. The $8.25 million plan is be made during the next several years if University —
someone gave them help at the
to begin in July of next year and will be industries are to seriously consider the start.

completed in 1985. Champaign/Urbana area as a home. This University, with its renowned

TTie announced center, to be one of To date, there has been no faculty and high quality students, is a high
announcement of a research park in the caliber institution. This can be seen in part
four in the nation, is to be a main focus of
university research. The major element of area. This is one of the more important through the number of research grants and

the center will be an electron beam recommendations made by the Task Force. through past University projects like Illiac

lithography facility for the puxluction of Without a state aided site or the necessary IV and the ever-evolving Plato system. It
very large scale integrated circuits, the special financing, there is virtually no place has been a while, though, since a major,

prime component in t<xiay's sophisticated for a new company with limited capital to well-known project has been announced.
these projects that attract talented people
It
^
^
computers. The microelectronics center is locate. Interstate Research Park is the most is

likely sight for a new company. The to this area. It is also through these projects

park. located at 1-74 and Mattis in that people receive invaluable non-scientific
Champaign, now contains many businesses, training. W
including the Army's Construction There is between the lack of
a link ^
Engineering Research Laboratory, Carroll new hich-tech industry' in town and the
Touch Technology, and Tower Hobbies.
The costs, however, are high. With land
selling for about $50,000 per acre, a sight

16
 Far Left: Hi)>h Technology orgcmizalions luive
reach hci;iiii !<) come to the Champaign area.
III

This Construction Engineering Research Center

is located in an industrial park located on

Mattis Avenue near Interstate 57.

Left: The Water Resources Lahoratorx will be
moved to Adler Center, a former home for
mentally retarded citizens. (photos by Randy
Stukenberg)
Below: The new Microelectronics Research Lab
ii?iiil will be located in the Water Resoitr.<:es Building
on the corner of Springfield Avenue and Wright
Street, (photo by Steve Alexander)

subcontractors, and various technical tasks.

After the project was completed. Mr.
Carroll went on to found several successful
local companies using the technology and.
more significantly, the experience he gained
from working on the project.
The Illiac IV project also provided
skilled jobs for local residents. These jobs
and the skills developed by the project team
members play an important role in attracting
industr>' to this area. An area such as this
can appear to have all the essentials desired
by a company: a university, inexpensive
land, and a helpfull local govemvent. But if

there is no skilled labor in the area, forget

it. It is expensive to relocate workers and

time-consuming as well as exf)ensive to

train them. Industry is nauirally attracted to
those areas that already have a large,
well-trained work force.
Attracting industry is not an
"overnight" operation. It is going to take
years. The work force needs time to
expand, and various support industries, such
as metal fabrication and printed circuit
board manufacturing, need to gain a
foothold in the area. It is also not simply a
matter of expanding existing facilities. The

University, the state, the Champaign and

Urbana governments and the residents are
going to have to work together on the "long
term plan" mentioned in the Task Force's
report.
It is step forward that the State has

absence of a major project at the Universit\ something which be learned

is likel) to
decided to help build a microelectronics
This stems from what facility here on campus. It is also
is learned here at the within today's engineering curriculum. All
progressive that they are going to use
University in the college of engineering. this knowledge and more is needed to run
The University is a major research any major project.
existing buildings in order to save time and
institution and as such isn't concerned with The Illiac IV project provided Art money. But what about working on a state
research park? The Task Force submitted its
familiarizing researchers with the operations Carroll with additional experience in these
repKjrt eight months ago and the first steps
within acompany. Professors and graduate important areas. Mr. Carroll, president and
•|idents work within relatively small founder of Cairoll Touch Technology in
were taken in August toward its
implementation. The planning of the
^ oups. each person with their own focus or Champaign, worked for two and a half
microelectronics center should not slow the
interest. In contrast, the Illiac IV project years as Deputy Chief Investigator (second
4 ought together many people, from the in command) on the Illiac IV computer
efforts to establish a research park or
on any other of the Task Force's
work
meet manager to the technicians. Each project. After working for several years in
rson worked on a different aspect of the the electronics industry. Mr. Carroll came to recommendations anywhere within the State,

same project. The job of coordinating the work on the Illiac IV but should serve to rekindle interest.
the University to
work of the scientists and others isn't project. His responsibilities included the
supervision of over 100 technical personnel,
overseeing project finances and

17
 LETTERS TECHNOTES

by Langdon Alger

New
to a
Solutions
Miner Problem
Bucks for Brains without large computer intervention. Evans
& Sutherland's products currently appear in
O
Just a quick note that may be of
interest to all, as it points to the apparent some pilot training simulators, and plenty of
lo the Hditor: importance of a technical education. them are being used for engineering,

Concerning Tech Teaser (Nov. I Governor Thompson has outlined a program research, and design applications.

1482). why do you need 7 weighings? It that will provide assistance to ""low-income
seems much easier to use only 3! youths" who want to be trained in some GiUies Lectures
(1 Put the 3 and 7 kg weights in the
) —
form of high technology via scholarships. This is the year for the seventh annual
same pan and weigh 10 kg of gold (note the TTie program is being carried out by the Gillies lectures, and the speaker will be
weights aren't even necessary as one can Department of Commerce and Community Professor Arthur Burks, from the University
divide the 20 kg into two 10 kg portions in Affairs (DCCA) in ten areas of Illinois. of Michigan.
the first weighing). Thompson has allocated $300,000 between The lectureship was endowed through
(2 & 3) Divide the two 10 kg portions the DCCA and the Community Service the University of Illinois Foundation, which
into 4-5 kg portions. Block Grant funds. was given a generous contribution from the
Have I missed something? This is how it will work: the money Digital Equipment Corporation for the
will be given to community college students honor. It serves as a memorial for Donald
Mike Binder, who are fiscally disadvantaged and B. Gillies, who passed on in 1975 after
Associate Professor. interested in computer science, engineering, serving as a computer science faculty
Mechanical Engineering electronics, and medicine (medicine is now member here at the College for nineteen
considered high-tech). These students will years.
be awarded maximum scholarships of $1000 Burks is a professor in both Philosophy
To the Editor: per year. The students in the 10 areas of and Computer & Communication Sciences
When creating the solution to the first Tech which the DCCA is implementing
Illinois in at Michigan. He helped to develop the

Teaser of your November youissue, thisprogram will receive their shares of the logistics of an electronic digital computer in
certainly outdid yourselves. Although the $300,000 from now through August 1983. the late '40s at Princeton's Institute for
miner may require seven weighings to and a statewide program will take over from Advanced Study, and the design eventually
apportion his 20 kilograms of gold evenly then on. became the model for modem-day
among his four children. I suggest that any computers. Burks has also been awarded
engineer worthy of his ptK'ket protector Thanks, Evans & Sutherland quite a few honors, including the Louis
could handily distribute the wealth in no TTie University of Illinois is one of the Levy gold medal of the Franklin Institute,
more than three weighings and without fourteen universities across the country that an honorary doctorate from DePauw, and
using the weights. will receive a PS 300 Computer Graphics the Russel lectureship at the U. of M.: the

Systems from Evans & Sutheriand latter is the highest honor a senior faculty
Sincerely. Computer Corporation. Seventeen other member can receive at that school.
Dave Fathauer universities have already received the Professor Burks will arrive in February
donations. to lecUire and work with the computer
The U. of I. is receiving the generous science students and faculty.
Indeed, the easiest solution is 3 weighings gift because the school is involved in
without the weights. In the words of one of my Super Center
applying state-of-the-art computer graphics
former professors. "I was just testing you."
Governor Thompson is showing more
Good know you are awake! —Features to several different education and research
Editor
to all
fields. Like the
are applying these
UIUC. all

computer
the other schools
skills to the
interest in buildingup Illinois' high
technology rating, and he's starting with tl^P
^
areas of Chemistry, Mechanical school. He announced that Illinois will use
Engineering. Computer Science, and 5.25 million dollars over the next three
Illinois Technograph invites lellen. in response to ns anicles
jnd edilorials. or .in\ other item ol imeresi to
Geophysics. years to establish the University's jt
our readership
.\ni''es. photopniphs. and other contnhutions will also be cor Evans & Sutherland's business is Microelectronics Center. I
sidei^j. LcneT>. must be signed, but names will be withheld
upon
special purpose computers used for
request.
graphics, and their PS K)0 system is the
first in its family of new graphics display
systems. The system has the capabilities of
real-time, three dimensional imaging
^^ This is the second cooperative project opportunities. While the seminars and job Making Future Leaders
from the Task Force on High Technology, fair were in progress, students from several The sixth annual Engineering Student
the first being the biomedical research park Chicago area high schools competed in a Leadership Conference took place on
in Chicago's West Medical Center. The technical quiz contest, in which they were November 13, and it was quite a success.
Task Force is trying to group together high required to solve several science and math The program began at 8:30 in the morning,
technology research and private industries to related problems (Tech-Teaser number two continuing on through 3:30 that afternoon.
make Illinois a high-tech center, and all of was one of the competition problems). Everyone who attended felt that it was a
the Task Force's projects are supported by Although much of the weekend was worthwhile experience.
Thompson's administration. spent in a business atmosphere, there was Once the participants had registered for
It is up to the University to obtain some time for the conference participants to Dean of
the day's activities. Associate
three million dollars from private sources to get to know one another. As one Illinois Engineering Howard Wakeland. Engineering
buy the equipment for the center. About representative put it. "The conference was Council President George Mejicano. and
two-thirds of those funds will go to the enjoyable, but it was productive as well. At Engineering Council Personnel Vice
development of an electronic beam the end. there was a definite feeling of President Donna Fritzsche combined their
lithography installation, which is used to accomplishment." efforts to deliver a rousing intrcxluction.
make integrated circuits. The UIUC will be Afterwards, seven workshops were
one of four schools across the entire country conducted, each exploring a different phase
that will have the same capability as the of the leadership enigma.
Microelectronics Center. Professor Jackson, professor emeritus
This whole thing is just one more of in psychology, held the first general
the many that puts this school into the ranks workshop, called "Knowing Yourself." in
of a landmark. which he discussed how a person can
measure himself against his abilities. Jim
NSBE Regional Conference Trail gave a concurrent talk on "Delegating

On the weekend of November 12-14. Authority" during the second session, as

Region IV of the National Society of Black did Hugh Satterlee on "Communications,"

Engineers held its 1982 regional conference and Jim Pracher on "Planning an Event."
at the Americana Congress hotel in
During the third session, Stuart Lemer and
Associate Professor of Mechanical
Chicago. In attendence were six
Engineering, David Offner gave concurrent
representatives from the University of
sessions on "Types of Leaders" and
Illinois Chapter.
"Brainstonning." Toby Kahr ended the day
The primary purpose of NSBE is to
with a general session, "Evaluations."
encourage blacks to pursue careers in
engineering. To fufill its goal, the society
where he discussed the evaluation process as
seen by the manager.
sponsors scholarships, problem-solving
This year's conference continued in the
comjjetitions, and social events on both the
tradition that hasbeen set for the past five
collegiate and high school levels. Since its
years: those who attended left with new
inception in the early seventies,NSBE has
knowledge about the field of management in
planted chapters over one hundred
at
general. With the latest statistics showing
universities throughout the United States.
that by 1990, 50% of all management

• At the conference, several events

cured at once. There were seminars and
aiscussions which decisions were made
at
Todd Barrowdift, senior in biomechcinics
employes an overhead single frame projector
personnel will have technical backgrounds,
it is good to know that such leadership

and computer located in the Biomechanics conferences are being offered to engineering
about the growth and structure of the Research Laboratory. He is analyzing how gait
students at such an early point in their
•ion. There was also a job fair, at which patterns change in walking with no shoes to
careers.
Jents could discuss internship tennis shoes to high heels.

19
 Engineers
and the Recession
Jobs are not as plentiful as they used to be.

bv Jim ()"Hauan

lla^viiicnt Statistics

pca'cnl employed
pcaeni employed in Illinois

percent in graduate sehcxil

liiliiiiiililiiBi
With the increasing emphasis on high as Xerox. Atlantic-Richfield. and Ford have
technology industiy in theUnited States slashed hiring by 20 to 25 percent since one
economy, the need for engineers to plan, year ago.
design, and implement new systems and "This time is the worst job market in a
machinery has become great. This is decade," said David R. Opperman. Director
reflected not only by the steadily increasing of Placement for the University of Illinois
starting salaries offered to graduating College of Engineering. Job offers are fewer
engineers, but also by the heavy emphasis and the increase in salaries is smaller than
placed upon technical know-how by the the past couple of years.
nation's top corporations and govemment "Last fall was the most active (more
agencies. Nevertheless, post-graduation companies talked to sUidents) of any fall in
employment is by no means certain, even the last decade." explained Opperman.
for graduates in this vital field. 'This took place at a time when the job
While unemployment nationwide market was decreasing rapidly, however."
hovers around 10 percent as the United As a result, their plans didn't result in the

States finds itself plunged into it's worst same action, and job offers declined 35
business slump since World War II. even percent below the levels of the previous ^
the traditionally economy-proof engineering year. V
field is feeling backlash. And so are "By spring," Opperman continued,
graduating students. Major companies such "they (the companies) were beginning to
see the recession was for real. There was
decreased action over the last year and job^
^
offers continued to come in 35 percent
slower than the spring before."

20
 Now that the economy is mired in a
Number of May Graduates
deep recession, job offers continue to lag
Bachelor of Science in Engineering
behind levels of past years. The number of
companies talking to smdents has declined,
although it is still too early to determine the
number of job offers for fall engineering
graduates. ""This fall is not as active as
last." explained Opperman. "Action is 33
percent below last fall." Of the hundreds of
job offers received each year, only 31 have
been recorded to date, as opposed to 52 a
year ago. Opperman is quick to point out
however, that "It is really too early to say
much about the offers. I'm not expecting
this fall to be worse than last fall or last
spring."
Job offers are expected to keep up with
last year's levels because while companies
hire fewer graduates, they also visit fewer
schools. As a result, the number of job
offers per student interviewed remains
essentially the same. In fact, some
56 -58 «) '62 'M '66 '68 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 'HO companies, such as Johnson and Johnson,
have found they are free to be more
selective in their hiring practices because
other companies are cutting back.
Increase of Average Salary The long-awaited economic recovery
I in percent) now forecasted by many analysts should
benefit job-seekers graduating next spring.
"This fall 1 see a bottoming out. Offers
should increase by the spring semester,"
predictedOpperman. Indeed. 310
companies have already reserved dates to
conduct interviews for the spring semester;
roughly one company for every three
graduates. This number can go up even
further notes Opperman. "It is entirely
possible because companies haven't reserved
dates and if the economy begins to recover
they will be reser\'ing dates then."
Once the country' pulls out of its

i current economic difficulties, the

for engineers is likely to climb again.
demand

Fortune magazine recently reported that the

demand for new engineers is likely to grow
at a rate of 10 percent due to the shortage

of trained engineers currently in the market.

Although larger corporations can be satisfied
with physicists or draftsmen who can do
engineering work, smaller, less diverse

Conlinued
1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981

21
 o
companies are hurting. Once a stronger accomplished by granting more interviews Council on Education noted that over 10
o
economy trees these businesses to hire to students graduating in this semester than percent of engineering-faculty positions of
quaht'ied personnel, the demand for previous years had seen, with fewer U.S. engineering schools were vacant in
engineers will rise again. interviews scheduled for next semester's 1980. Although most professors can make
This shortage ol' engineers has even graduates. As a result, fall graduates had a additional wages by advising businesses or

prompted a number of economic models to better opportunity to find jobs immediately doing summer work, the corporate job
forecast the direction of this engineering after graduation. market remains attractive.
demand in the years to come. The Because of the large number of jobs One advantage of teaching has
.American Asstxialion of Engineering available to engineering graduates in the traditionally been the increased oportunity

S(Kieties lAAKS). with the help of the past, other difficulties have arisen. With for research. No longer is this the case as
National Science Foundation, is prepanng a wages rising at double-digit rates, more many businesses, realizing the threat from
mathematical model that will predict the graduates are choosing to enter the work foreign competitors, are originating new
number and distribution of engineering force rather than attend graduate school and research departments to preserve their
graduates for the next ten years, reports earn advanced degrees. This results in fewer technological edge.
Chcmual unci Enginecrini^ News. The \alue engineers qualified to teach, and thus, Despite the changing conditions under
of such predictions is great in that they v\ill increased competition for professors. This which today's graduating engineers seek
aid schiH>ls and employers in planning for has hindered state universities in particular. employment, the skills and attributes sought
the iirrival of upcoming graduates. In fact. Unable compete with wages offered in
to by recruiters remain essentially the same.
the .American Electronics Association the job market or by private institutions, Although specific types of jobs may call for
forecasts that 15.(K)0 electrical and computer many schools have had to delay hiring specialized training in a given field,
engineers will graduate in 1985 for a ni;irket plans. recruiters are basically searching for

in need of 5 1 .(TOO engineers. Since 1975. the percentage of employees with high grades in their

The demand for engineers has resulted graduates chtiosing to attend graduate school technical classes. "I don't think many
in "GeneralK
a nse in starting salaries. from the University of Illinois has dropped recruiters look at electives," explained

siK'aking. there are bigger intluences on from 32.6 percent to only 20.4 percent last Opperman. "Instead they're looking for

supply and demand although wages are a year, while the number of undergraduates academic performance, leadership potential.
function of each."' explains Opperman. has nearly doubled. This decrease reflects and previous engineering experience. Some
Since 1956. wage,; decreased only in 1972. not only the strong job market for engineers recruiters might look for extra- technical

a low point in recruiting. "This time, in the over the past few years, but the difficulties background, but for the most part class
worst job market in a decade. I still see a in recruiting felt by top graduate engineering performance is important. Specific jobs are
slight increase." Oppemian predicted, schtxils.Fornmi' recently reported similar different."

although he cautioned this increase would statistics.Although the number of Success in college along with
not approach the double-digit percentages of engineering undergraduates has doubled in experience in the field can help hopeful
recent years. the last 10 years, the number of Amencan graduates find work. Coupled with the
Because of the drop in interviewing Ph.D.s graduating who are qualified to efforts of college placement offices and an
companies this year, changes in the college teach these students has acOially declined upswing in the economy, the attributes of

placement system were developed to aid from about 3.tX)0 to 1.800. As a result, today's graduates will reverse the
employment-seeking graduates. Because classrooms are more crowded, and students downswing in job offerings not only to their
non-interviewing companies obviously had at some schools are being told they should benefit, but to the benefit of the expanding
no lob openings, interviews had to be expect to wait five years before graduating businesses for which thev will work. T
increased in other ways. This was so they can find room in required courses.

The reason behind both of these trends

is the high salaries offered by large
busines.ses. While graduating engineers with
merely a B.S. degree find st;ming salaries
in business hovering near S22.(XX). salaries

for professors for the nine-month year are

little higher. A survey by The American

22
 A Monopoly on Life

A new frontier of science allows

^ientists to design and manufacture life.

bv Charlev Kline

^^ It"s a like getting in on the act of

little amino There are 22 amino acids, and
acids. bacteria, and through cooperative
creation Using a biochemical
itself. since there be many thousands of
may conjugation, some of the bacteria in the

technique known as recombinant DNA amino acid groups in any given protein solutionwere able to survive the change in

synthesis, it is possible to modify the molecule, the possible number of proteins is environment. They were then allowed to
activities of living organisms in order to virtually infinite. Each cell has its own set grow until their numbers equaled the
serve a particular function with a new of proteins which it uses to pierform its onginal colony size.
branch of science called genetic job^ — a cell in the human adrenal gland, for The process was repeated, with
engineering. example, builds proteins of adrenal successively decreasing amounts of food and
To understand how the operation of a hormones, while an in\ading strep increasing amounts of chemical waste, until
can be changed, let us first
living creature bactenum produces proteins which are toxic found themselves
finally the bacteria

examine the mechanics by which an to human cells. Each cell must also produce subsisting onlyon the chemical waste
organism performs its assigned duts'. Within proteins to gi%e itself energy, to reproduce product with no other food around. Through
every cell's nucleus is a set of its own substance, and to defend against environmental manipulation, a new strain of
chromosomes — a string of genes unique to bacterial invaders. bacteria was artificially evolved to serve a

the organism. Each gene is a coiled strand Each protein a cell produces is certain purpose.

of DN.A (deo.xyribonucleic acid), which manufacttired from a particular segment of Another method of artificially creating
forms the genetic material of the cell. the genetic code. A blueprint, if you please, new organisms is to splice new genes into
The structure of the DNA molecule. of the protein is stored in the DNA of the the organism's chromosomes in the

the famed "double helix" proposed by nucleus as follows: Every amino acid is laboratory. This method recei\'es most of

James Watson and Francis Krick in 1953. is represented in the DNA

group of three
as a the media attention since it is more
what makes it ideal as a carrier of the ladder rungs. Each such group of three is sensational. Supfxjse a pharmaceutical

genetic code. DNA

can be visualized as a called a codon. The amino acid valine, for company decides to make an organism

spiral ladder, with the uprights formed of example, may have AAG as a codon. which produce human growth hormone
will

alternating sugar and phosphate groups. The Certain codons are reserved as stop codes. (HGH). an otherwise very expensive
rungs of the ladder are formed of four to signal the boundaries between protein compound obtainable only from the pituitary
organic bases; adenine (A), guanine (G). blueprints in the DNA. glands of human cadavers.
cytosine (C). and thymine (T). Adenine and Consider, then; by appropriately adding The first step is to isolate the gene in

thymine form a strong chemical bond when or changing portions of the 2;enetic code in the cells of the human body responsible for
located opposite each other on the chain. the DNA of a cell, the cell can theoretically producing HGH (since each cell in an
Similarly, cylosine and guanine form be made to manufacttjre any protein, or to organism contains the genetic makeup for
especially strong bonds. perform any function. This is the concept of all cells in the organism, no matter how

This means that the two strands in a genetic engineering. Through the careful spjecialized. the genes can be obtained from,

DNA molecule are complementary; rungs manipulation and splicing of the DNA say. skin scrapings, and not necessarily
are formed of compounds in any of
the four genetic code in the nucleus of a cell, the from the pituitary' gland
itself). This is an

four combinations; AT. TA. CG. or GC. cell's function can be altered to suit man. arduous task which involves analysis of the
By reading the code along one side of the And. since the cell is still alive and still HGH protein and of the human genetic code
chain, say . . . ATGCACGTCG .... the reproduces, once one of these organisms is itself Once the proper gene has been

genetic makeup of the cell is determined. manufactured, it makes copies of itself and it is extracted from the DNA
isolated,

Now. the genetic code is used by the need only be grown in a medium and molecule using enzymes which cleave the
cell to build protein molecules. Protein distributed to customers. DNA into pieces at the proper stop codes.
molecules are composed, like a train of How does one go about altering the
^^oad cars, of building blocks called genetic code of a cell? One way is to let the Coiinnued
organisms do it themselves. Recently, a
strain of bacteria has been made to consume
otherwise non-biodegradable chemical

• waste. Normal bacteria were first allowed to

multiply in a nutrient solution.
nutnent concentration was decreased while
Then the

in&oducing small amounts of the waste

compound. Through natural differences in
the genetic makeup of the individual

23
 T

o
Ihcn an appropriate bacterial strain is selected to receive the
HCill-priKlucini: DNA segment. Bacteria arc used because their gene-
code is far simpler than that of humans, and the job of splicing
tic

the DNA is consequentl) easier. Often, the strain H. Coli. the bacter- ENGINEERING RESUME
ia present in human intestines, is used, since it is easily obtained and
has been studied eNtensi\ely. Also through the use of enzymes, the
foreign DN.A is spliced into the genetic code of one bacterium The
DISCOUNT PACKAGE
bacterium then placed in an incubator and allowed to reproduce
is

.M'ter large colonies of the nev\ strain of bacteria ha\e been pni-
AT
duccd. all that needs to be done is to tap off the HGH that they ha\e
K'cn producing due to the genetic implant, purity it. and release it to
hospitals. All the real work is now done; the company can simpl> let The Clean Machine
newly manufactured organisms make the drug and watch the
their
profits roll in.
Organisms anificiallN altered in the laboratory to date include a
^ Copy Shop
strain of bacteria to down ocean oil spills into hannless siiluble
break
621 S. Wright St.
conipounds. and produce human insulin. The companies
cells to
which did the reasearch work to produce the new life ha\e obtained 359-1500
patent rights on their products. The supreme court ruled that life it-
self, if presented in the form of an original prcxiuct. is eligible for a

patent. Although this would seem to have little impact on strains of

bacteria, current research is leading towards recombinant DN.A synth-
Typing $ 1.80
esis of higher organisms, and the critics fear that the thought of a
monopoly on higher life forms is too frightening to allow research to Picture $ 4.00
continue.
OVERNIGHT
Screen $ 5.00
Another area of criticism is that of safety. Like any expanding SERVICE
frontier of science, recombinant DN.^ research is highly ex- 50 Copies $ 5.00
perimental. .Sometimes mistakes are made, and the resulting organ- (#70 Paper)
$15.80
isms may not perform the desired function. Nomially. the products of
such errors are destroyed. However, if such an organism were to be 1.00 DISCOUNT
earned free of the controlled laboratory environment (remember that with coupon
$14.80
oiiK one need escape, since bacteria reproduce b\ di\ision. and that
these bacteria cannot be seen with the naked eye), it could find its
way into the outside worid. and there could ha\e unpredictable MONDAY-FRIDAY 7;30AM-10PM SAT 9-5 SUN 10-6
effects. It could, for example, cause an unfamiliar disease in humans.
or consume a scarce resource.
The scientific community has enforced strict laboratory isolation
ruleson itself in the area of recombinant DNA research. It insists that Tech Teasers Answers
such a danger minimal, and that the current uproar is unwarranted,
is
From page 4
.^t a biological convention. go\emment standards were set tor labor-

atones involved in such projects. In more recent action. howe\er. the 1. 94.857.312 x 6 = 569.143,872.
stringent rules were relaxed view of the greater under-
slightly, in 2. She found a cubic box with one meter edges. Then she pT
standing and control biologists are achieving over their experiments. placed the skis along the diagonal that connects opposite comers of
The ability to alter life to suit man smacks of science fiction, the box. It can be shown algebraically that the length of this diagonal
and there are many possible consequences of the current research, is exactly equal to the square root of three, which is greater than
1 Jj
such as strange new diseases and patents on life, which seem to m (or 170 cm. the length of her skis). C.
coiiie out of a fantasy novel. But. like any other advancing field, it 3. The smallest number is 35.641.667.749. Another number is

can be expected to be met with cnticism. The mass pnxluction of 46.895.573.610 or any multiple thereof
critical compounds such as insulin. Human Clotting Factor V'lll (used 4. TTie new calendar was adopted in 1752. so there are no years
in treating hemophiliacs), and interteron is a great accomplishment where this happened before then. The times it occurred were the
for our science. And since this research helps to solve other biologic- years of 1764. 1792. 1804. 1832. 1860. 1888. 1928. and 1956. If
al mysteries such as the causes of cancer, perhaps genetic engineering we go past 1982. the years of 1984 and 2012 are also blessed with
is worth our applause and respect as a true server of mankind. the phenomenon. So the answer is 1888. the last year before 1928.
and 1956. the first year after 1928.
5. There are 35 tnangles in the figure.

24
TECHNOVATIONS

Langdon Alger

Only You Can Prevent Fires light it gives off is bright enough to light
tends to be difficult to imagine how the entire drawer, cabinet, or wherever it's
It
put. Just think of the possibilities. .use it
a company's product can feasibly be "two .

time," but Pyrotronics" in the car's glove compartment, in an

decades ahead of its
underwear drawer, in workshop storage
XL3 Advanced Protection System definitely
compartments, the refrigerator, and
seems any state-of-the-art fire
to surpass
anywhere else imaginable.
alarm system. This package intertwines
three separate systems: fire/smoke/heat
detection, supervision, and alarm control. Dump it on Somebody Else
The system consists of two parts; a A computer which disengages while
main control panel and the satellite systems. hard-copying can be quite a problem.
The control panel keeps tabs on all the Quadram Corpwration, based in Atlanta,

satellites, continually checking them to be Georgia, has a solution that makes tons of
sure they are functioning. It will also tell sense.

Here Son Fnmiisio as seen fom 500 miles

is you if any one of the satellites are in alarm Microfazer name, and it is a
is its

ahcvc. This picliiic was taken by General condition or out of order, displaying its printer buffer. Itsimply consists of a small
Electric' s Landsat I satellite number on the control panel. The satellites box, and it stacks well with other
can be any one of a number of different peripherals like modems. All the user has to
types of equipment, but most of the time do is dump the data to be printed into the

EnGulflng Land they are the detectors. They utilize Microfazer, which accepts it as fast as the
photoelectric, ionization, and contact computer dishes it out. Then the buffer
Spirolite is a special kind of
devices to identify the presence of a hazard. takes over, dumping its data onto the
lightweight plastic pipe that remains
The satellites can also be external horns or printer, freeing the computer for use again.
malleable when heated. It is produced in
bells, or extinguishing systems. This can more than double the efficiency of
diameters from ten feet to eighteen inches,
The system will tell you when any of word processing systems, and triple the
and is and
practically non-corrosive
the detectors have found a hazard, or when efficiency of graphics systems.
unbreakable. weighs a tenth as much as
It
one of them is installed incorrectly. The This printer buffer has at least 8000
concrete piping, and a sixth as much as iron
system will stay in control when only a few bytes of memory, and depending upon what
piping. With credentials like those, you can
of the detectors go into alarm condition, model you purchase, or how much memory
imagine it must have a use in the oil
will tell you where the detectors are, and you add through plug-iii memory interface
business.
Indeed, the high-density polyethylene what kind of emergency exists. You can set cards, you can get up to 512K bytes the —
the detector sensitivities, test them, and upper limit of expansion for the new IBM
piping is going to be produced in Gulf Oil
output performance reports. You can even personal computer. This is the first printer
Chemicals Company's (GOCHEM) new
make use of special options, such as timers buffer thatcomes with up to a
plant in Waxahachie, Texas. GOCHEM
that will pause before discharging half-megabyte of memory, which is
purchased the land in September, and the
extinguishers for health and safety sake. equivalent to about 250 typewritten pages.
plant should be finished in the fall of 1983.
TTie original models were u,sable only with a
Part of the reason this plant is being
Another Bright Idea parallel computer and a parallel printer, but
built is because the pipe is so econcTiical.
Many new products are hitting the the new line also has units compatable with
Spirolite's lightweight structure means that it

market, but every once in a while there is serial-serial, serial-parallel, and

can be installed much less expensively than
parallel-serial systems. Thus the Microfazer
•er of its iron or concrete counterparts. It
one that outshines all the others.
case with this simple, ordinary, not highly
Such is the
can be added to any system on the market.
I
has an infiltration-free linkage system
technical innovation. It is called Redilite, Tlie price of the Microfazer varies
which makes for lower maintenance costs.
from a company in California called The depending on memory and model, starting
Spirolite was introduced in the U.S. in
Idea Works, and at $169, and continuing on up to $1395.
«, and has been gaining popularity in
us sewer and water systems ever since.
it

the dark since the lighted pen.

is the greatest help in

It has been around outside the country for

The Redilite (under $3) is installed in a

20 years, and will no doubt continue its drawer or cabinet with the double-faced
long success internationally.
sticky tape that comes with it. Once it is

installed correctly, it turns on whenever you

open the door or drawer. It has a rolling
•wo-way switch that causes this to happen,
and it operates on two A A batteries. The

25
Fellowship
In 1949, Hughes awarded its first Arizona. Work Study Fellows study at a
fellowship. Since then, more than 4.000 men nearby university while working part-time at
and women have earned advanced degrees in Hughes.
engineering and science with the help of Full Study Fellows work at Hughes in the
Hughes fellowships — advanced degrees to summer and study full-time during the
prepare the men and women of today to meet regular academic year.
tomorrow's technical challenges. The range of technical assignments
Hughes Aircraft Company will again offer available includes the option of the
more than 100 new fellowships in the coming Engineering Rotation Program to diversify
year for graduate study in: your work experience.
* Engineering (Electrical. Mechanical,
Fellowship Story, An invitation to advance
Systems, Aeronautical) your education and your career with —
Computer Science assistance from a company that is advancing
' Applied Math the frontiers of technology. Write yourself in.
*
Physics Fill out and mail the coupon, or write to
Just a few months from now, you could be Hughes Aircraft Company, Corporate
working on your fylaster's. Engineer, or PhD Fellowship Office, Dept 104. BIdg
degree — and receiving from Hughes 4006/W870, Culver City. California 90230
* Tuition, books,
and fees
'
Educational stipend Creating ^ uorld mlh eteilf
*
Full employee benefits
Professional-level salary
*

*
Summer employment
Technical experience
Total Value: $18,000 to $40,000 a year
HUGHES
As a Hughes Fellow, you will gam valuable
technical experience working summers at Proof of US, Citizenship Required
Hughes in Southern California or Tucson, Equal Opportunity Employer

.Write yourself int

Hughes Aircraft Company. Corporate Fellowship Office, Dept. 104. BIdg. 4006/W870,
Culver City, California 90230.

Please consider me a candidate for a Hughes Fellowship and send me the

necessary information and materials.

PLEASE PRINT Name

City Zip

I am interested in obtaining a .Engineer degree .Doctorate

DEGREES NOW HELD (OR EXPECTED)

Bachelors: Date f
ty/Iaster's: Date
 TECH PROFILES

Gary Eden David R. Opperman Jack Groppel

^^k and photo by June Fiala text by Raymond Hightower lexi and photo by Dove Colbiirn

Smwm

In 1972, J. G. Eden received his B.S.

i
in Electrical Engineering from the
University of Maryland. College Park. He
later received a Masters in 1972 and a
Ph.D. in 1973, both of which he earned
from the University's Electrical Engineering
department.
Dr. Eiden was awarded a National
Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship
at the Naval Research Laboratory in
Washington, DC.
in 1975. In 1976 he

joined the Laser Physics Branch of NRL

where he studied the rare gas-halide
exciplex lasers and the photolytic and proton
beam pumping of visible and ultraviolet
lasers. He joined the University faculty in
August of 1979.
He spends a large amount of his time
in the Gaseous Electronics Laboratory where
he is working on the development of lasers
in both the visible and ultraviolet ranges.
These lasers have applications in
communications and power transmission.
He is also studying the multi-photon
excitation and ionization of rare gasses with
applications toward the study of kinetics of
rare gas halide molecular formations. One
•the newest areas of Dr. Eiden's research
in excimer lasers, used in the growth and

production of semiconductor films.

«ln the Gaseous Electronics Laboratory
ke are fourteen students and they have
covered seven new lasers within the past
year. Among these is the first high
temperature (above 400 °C) discharge
pumped molecular laser which uses
cadmium iodide.
 The mini Publishing Company is proud of its tradition of service
and friends of the University of Illinois.
to the students, faculty
Our student-operated media entertain and inform while pro-
viding the student managers and employees a valuable
O
Conipanv

^
lllinl I'ublishini)

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The Daily newspaper is a consistent award winner in

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lllinl

and professional competition. For more than 100 th

years, Ul students have combined their editorial and advertis-
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The lllio yearbook is a respected tradition that preserves the

events of the University. Each year creates
are presented on the pages of the lllio. Student staff members
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work long hours to make the Ul experience a valuable one to
be remembered forever. L 83
Illinois Technograph magazine reports on one of the nation's

^ J
\r Q I
e truly great engineering programs. New develop-
YKf^
'fcW"11 MQ/^ P jl Pll
WWwKMI^il
nnents
rrients
in research are detailed as are achieve-
by faculty and students. Technograph is dis-
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(217] 333-3733.
GULF-ENERGY iGuHtfJc REATING-ENERGY

WERE 1KFPING NEW

And we'U be ^"^^Sm^ on campus to look for something very

Were
much
GulfOil Corporation.
in these days. New energy. Specifically, new human energy.
demand
The fast-changing energy field will continue to be one of the most exciting and rewarding
places to launch a career. And Gulf has exceptional opportunities for new
people with
new ideas about finding and developing Americas fuel resources. .

If you're about to earn your degree in Petroleum

Engineering, we d like to meet you. We re
also interested in Chemical and Mechanical Engineers. In Geology and
Geophysics majors. In
Computer Science, Accounting, and Business Administration majors. In students in Petroleum
Land Management programs. And in people in technical discipfines with a flair for sales.
Check the placement office to confirm a date for our Gulf Representative s visit. And sign up
for an appointment. If we miss you, send your resume to Coordinator,
College Relations, Dept. B,
P.O. Box 1166, Pittsburgh, PA 15230. ^ ,
,,
energy problems.
Gulf is a world leader in training young, motivated people to solve todays
When we find you, we'll be that much farther ahead
(: GulfOil Corporation. 1982.
For a 15^4" X 20'*s" color poster of this illustration, please send your request
lo:
An Equal Opportunity Employer
Poster. College Relations, PO Box 1 166, Pittsburgh. PA 15230,
 " '

IF-YOU-CAN-DREAM-IT-YOU

chips be used to improve allows you to build inexpen-

Expand the mind systems, products, and pro-
cesses'' As one GE engi-
sive prototype chips that
can be "played in systems "

of: the microchip. neer puts It, "The sky's the

limit!"
before the final design is
fixed.
That sky isreplete with a Another area that GE is
Remember when electronic number of integrated circuit developing is VLSI (Very
calculators were considered concepts that GE is apply- Large Scale Integrated)
a luxury'' Well, consider this ing right now. circuits. These ICs will
sign seen recently outside a There's the custom IC, a eventually squeeze one
gasoline station in Schenec- chip that performs highly million transistors onto a
tady, New York: "Free calcu- specialized functions. Tradi- single chip.
lator with an oil change. tionally creating this chip Where will all this super
That s just one sign of the has been an expensive, electronic power be
enormous impact micro- time-consuming job. So applied'' GE engineering
chips have had on the way we're working on ways to manager Don Paterson
we do everything - from cut design time and cost sees this way:
It

banking to game-playing. We're using computer- "At GE you can innovate

But how will we use micro- aided design (CAD) to from the system down to the
chips that are smarter, design and simulate chips chip to create whatever
faster, more reliable, and right on computer screens ignites your imagination
less expensive to design'' We're also developing In other words, you can
How will these new micro- gate arrays, a system that dream it. and do it

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