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Statistics and Probability

This document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a variable whose possible values are determined by chance. Random variables can be either discrete or continuous. Discrete random variables take on countable values while continuous random variables can assume any value within a range. The probability distribution of a random variable lists the possible values and their associated probabilities. Understanding random variables and probability distributions is important in statistics and probability.

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Kathleen madronio
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58 views15 pages

Statistics and Probability

This document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a variable whose possible values are determined by chance. Random variables can be either discrete or continuous. Discrete random variables take on countable values while continuous random variables can assume any value within a range. The probability distribution of a random variable lists the possible values and their associated probabilities. Understanding random variables and probability distributions is important in statistics and probability.

Uploaded by

Kathleen madronio
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RANDOM VARIABLES AND

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
WHAT IS RANDOM VARIABLE AND
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS?
● Random variables and probability
distributions are important concepts in
Statistics and Probability. When we do an
experiment, we are not only interested in
the values the random variable can
assume but also with the probabilities
associated with these values
RANDOM VARIABLES
● A random variable is a variable whose
possible values are determined by
chance. A random variable is typically
represented by an uppercase letter,
usually X, while its corresponding
lowercase letter in the case, x, is used to
represent one of its values.
EXAMPLE OF RANDOM VARIABLE
:A COIN TOSSED THRICE.
1ST TOSS 2ND TOSS 3RD TOSS FINAL NUMBER OF
OUTCOME HEADS(X)

H HHH 3

H T HHT 2

H H HTH 2

T T HTT 1

H THH 2

H T THT 1

T H TTH 1

T T TTT 0
In the illustration above, random variable is
represented by the uppercase X. The lowercase x
represented the specific values. Hence, x=3, x=2, x=1,
x=2, x=1, x=1, and x=0.
The sample space for the possible outcome is
S={HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT.

The value of the variable X can be 0, 1, 2, or 3. Then, in


this example, X is random variable.
THE TYPES OF RANDOM VARIABLE
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE- discrete
random variable can only take a finite
(countable) number of distinct values. The
values are exact and can be represented
by non negative whole numbers.
EXAMPLE OF DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES:
Let Y = number of left-handed teachers randomly
selected in a faculty room. This is a discrete random
variable because its possible values are 0, 1, 2, and
so on.
Let X = number of students randomly selected to be
interviewed by a researcher. This is a discrete
random variable because its possible values are 0,
1, 2, and so on.
CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
● A continuous random variable can assume
an infinite number of values in an interval
between two specific values. This means
they can assume values that can be
represented not only by non negative
whole numbers but also by fractions and
decimals. These values are often results of
measurement.
EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE:
Let X = the lengths in centimeters of randomly selected
shoes of senior students. The lengths in of shoes of the
students can be between any two given lengths. The
values can be obtained by using a measuring device, a
ruler. Hence, the random variable Y is a continuous
random variable.
Let Z = the hourly temperatures last Sunday. Z is a
continuous random variable because its values can be
between any two given temperatures resulting from
the use of a thermometer.
WHAT IS PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF
DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLES?
A discrete random variable x has a
countable number of possible values.
The probability distribution of a
discrete random variable x lists the
value and their probabilities, where
value x1 has probability p1, value x2
has probability x2, and so on.
WHAT IS PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION OF
CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLES?
Continuous probability
distribution: A probability
distribution in which the random X
can take on any value(is
continuous). Because there are
infinite values that X taking on any
one specific value zero.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!

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