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    當代1 第一課 文法

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    Romit Sarkar
    This document discusses ways to ask and answer questions in Chinese. It covers: 1) Asking yes/no questions using A-not-A structure and question particle ma. 2) Forming affirmative answers by repeating the verb and negative answers using bu + verb. 3) Using the intensifier hen with stative verbs. 4) Asking contrastive questions with the question tag ne. The document provides examples and exercises for each.

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    當代1 第一課 文法

    Uploaded by

    Romit Sarkar
    276 views25 pages
    This document discusses ways to ask and answer questions in Chinese. It covers: 1) Asking yes/no questions using A-not-A structure and question particle ma. 2) Forming affirmative answers by repeating the verb and negative answers using bu + verb. 3) Using the intensifier hen with stative verbs. 4) Asking contrastive questions with the question tag ne. The document provides examples and exercises for each.

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    This document discusses ways to ask and answer questions in Chinese. It covers: 1) Asking yes/no questions using A-not-A structure and question particle ma. 2) Forming affirmative answers by repeating the verb and negative answers using bu + verb. 3) Using the intensifier hen with stative verbs. 4) Asking contrastive questions with the question tag ne. The document provides examples and exercises for each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    276 views25 pages

    當代1 第一課 文法

    Uploaded by

    Romit Sarkar
    This document discusses ways to ask and answer questions in Chinese. It covers: 1) Asking yes/no questions using A-not-A structure and question particle ma. 2) Forming affirmative answers by repeating the verb and negative answers using bu + verb. 3) Using the intensifier hen with stative verbs. 4) Asking contrastive questions with the question tag ne. The document provides examples and exercises for each.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    I.

    Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese


    A. Asking Questions withA-not-A
    Function: The A-not-A form of making a question is the most neutral way to ask a question
    in Chinese and closest to yes/no questions in English.

    1 王先生要不要喝咖啡? Wáng Xiānshēng yào bú yào hē kāfēi?


    Mr. Wang, do you want to have some coffee?

    2 這是不是烏龍茶? Zhè shì bú shì Wūlóng chá?


    Is this Oolong tea?

    3 臺灣人喜歡不喜歡喝茶? Táiwān rén xǐhuān bù xǐhuān hē chá?


    Do Taiwanese people like to drink tea?
    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    Structures: The “A” in the structure refers to the first verbal element.

    1 他喝咖啡。Tā hē kāfēi. He’ll have coffee.


    他喝不喝咖啡? Tā hē bù hē kāfēi? Does he want to drink coffee?

    2 你是日本人。 Nǐ shì Rìběn rén. You are Japanese.


    你是不是日本人? Nǐ shì bú shì Rìběn rén? Are you Japanese?

    3 他來臺灣。 Tā lái Táiwān. He came to Taiwan.


    他來不來臺灣? Tā lái bù lái Táiwān? Is he coming to Taiwan?
    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    Usage:

    When the verbal element in an A-not-A question is disyllabic (XY),


    the second syllable (Y) can be dropped in the first “A” of the pattern,
    so “XY-not-XY” is the same as “X-not-XY”. For example, 你喜歡不喜歡我? Nǐ
    xǐhuān bù xǐhuān wǒ? is the same as 你喜不喜歡我?
    Nǐ xǐ bù xǐhuān wǒ? (Do you like me?)
    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    練 習 Exercise

    1 李明華 不 美國人? 李明華是美國人。

    2 陳月美 不 臺灣? 陳月美來臺灣。

    3 王先生 _ 不 _ 喝咖啡? 王先生喜歡喝咖啡。

    4 他 _ 不 _ 喝茶? 他不要喝茶。

    5 他 不 來臺北? 他要來臺北(Táiběi, Taipei)。


    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    B. Asking Questions with 嗎 ma
    Function: Questions can be formed using the question particle 嗎 ma. It is usually used
    for short questions.

    1 你好嗎? Nǐ hǎo ma?


    How are you?

    2 你來接我們嗎? Nǐ lái jiē wǒmen ma?


    Are you here to pick us up?

    3 他是日本人嗎? Tā shì Rìběn rén ma?


    Is he Japanese?
    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    Structures: SENTENCE + 嗎 ma? The sentence in 嗎 ma questions can be either in the
    affirmative or negative.

    Negation:
    1 他不姓陳嗎? Tā bú xìng Chén ma?
    Isn’t he surnamed Chen?

    2 你不是臺灣人嗎? Nǐ bú shì Táiwān rén ma?


    Aren’t you Taiwanese?

    3 他不喝咖啡嗎? Tā bù hē kāfēi ma?


    Doesn’t he drink coffee?
    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    Usage: The A-not-A question form indicates no assumption, and is used for neutral
    inquiries or longer inquiries. It does not take a 嗎 ma question particle at the end of the
    sentence. One cannot say *這是不是茶嗎? Zhè shì bú shì chá ma? (‘Is this tea?’). 嗎 ma
    questions, by contrast, are used for short inquiries. But in most cases, these two forms of
    question are often interchangeable.

    1 你好嗎? Nǐ hǎo ma? How are you?

    2 你要喝茶嗎? Nǐ yào hē chá ma? Do you want to drink tea?

    3 你們要不要喝烏龍茶? Nǐmen yào bú yào hē Wūlóng chá?


    Do you want to drink Oolong tea?
    I. Ways to Ask Questions in Chinese
    練 習 Exercise

    Question Response
    1 ? 他叫明華。
    2 ? 陳小姐是臺灣人。
    3 ? 他喜歡喝咖啡。
    4 ? 王先生叫開文。
    5 ? 他不是日本人。
    II. Answering Questions in Chinese
    A. AffirmativeAnswers
    Affirmative answers can be formed by repeating the main verb in the question, followed
    by a sentence in the affirmative, e.g.,

    A:他是不是臺灣人? / 他是臺灣人嗎?
    Tā shì bú shì Táiwān rén? / Tā shì Táiwān rén ma? Is he Taiwanese?
    B:是,他是臺灣人。 Shì, tā shì Táiwān rén. Yes, he is Taiwanese.

    A:你喜不喜歡臺灣? / 你喜歡臺灣嗎?
    Nǐ xǐ bù xǐhuān Táiwān? / Nǐ xǐhuān Táiwān ma? Do you like Taiwan?
    B:喜歡,我喜歡臺灣。 Xǐhuān, wǒ xǐhuān Táiwān. Yes, I like Taiwan.
    II. Answering Questions in Chinese
    A. AffirmativeAnswers
    Affirmative answers can be formed by repeating the main verb in the question, followed
    by a sentence in the affirmative, e.g.,

    3 A:王先生是不是日本人? / 王先生是日本人嗎?
    Wáng Xiānshēng shì bú shì Rìběn rén? /Wáng Xiānshēng shì Rìběn rén ma? Is Mr. Wang Japanese ?
    B:是,王先生是日本人。Shì, Wáng Xiānshēng shì Rìběn rén. Yes, Mr. Wang is Japanese.

    4 A:他喝不喝烏龍茶? / 他喝烏龍茶嗎?
    Tā hē bù hē Wūlóng chá? / Tā hē Wūlóng chá ma? Does he drink Oolong tea?
    B:喝,他喝烏龍茶。Hē, tā hē Wūlóng chá. Yes, he drinks Oolong tea.
    In Chinese, short answers in the affirmative can be made
    by simply repeating the verb from the question.
    1 你是王先生嗎? Nǐ shì Wáng Xiānshēng ma? Are you Mr. Wang?
    是。 Shì. Yes.

    2 他來不來臺灣? Tā lái bù lái Táiwān? Will he come to Taiwan?


    來。 Lái. Yes.

    3 他喜歡不喜歡喝茶? Tā xǐhuān bù xǐhuān hē chá? Does he like tea?


    喜歡。 Xǐhuān.Yes.
    II. Answering Questions in Chinese
    練 習 Exercise

    Question Response
    1 臺灣人喜歡不喜歡喝茶?
    2 你要不要喝咖啡?
    3 你喜歡他嗎? _
    4 他是不是日本人?
    5 你要喝烏龍茶嗎?
    II. Answering Questions in Chinese
    B. Negative Replies with 不 bù
    Negative replies can be formed by repeating the main verb in its negative form, i.e., 不 bù
    + verb, followed by a sentence in the negative. 不 bù is an adverb which is placed before a
    verb or another adverb, e.g.,

    1 他是不是李先生? Tā shì bú shì Lǐ Xiānshēng? Is he Mr. Li?


    不是,他不是李先生。 Bú shì, tā bú shì Lǐ Xiānshēng. No, he is not Mr. Li.
    2 王先生喝茶嗎? Wáng Xiānshēng hē chá ma? Does Mr. Wang drink tea?
    不,他不喝。 Bù, tā bù hē. No, he doesn’t drink tea.
    3 李小姐是不是臺灣人? Lǐ Xiǎojiě shì bú shì Táiwān rén? Is Miss Li Taiwanese?
    不是,李小姐不是臺灣人。 Bú shì, Lǐ Xiǎojiě bú shì Táiwān rén.
    No, Miss Li is not Taiwanese.
    In Chinese, the answer to a question can consist of just the verb
    in the question
    asked.
    1 他要不要喝咖啡?
    Tā yào bú yào hē kāfēi?
    Does he want to drink coffee?
    不要。
    Bú yào.
    No.
    2 你喜歡不喜歡喝烏龍茶?
    Nǐ xǐhuān bù xǐhuān hē Wūlóng chá?
    Do you like to drink Oolong tea?
    不喜歡。
    Bù xǐhuān.
    No.
    4 陳小姐是不是美國人?
    Chén Xiǎojiě shì bú shì Měiguó rén?
    Is Miss Chen American?
    不是。
    Bú shì.
    No.
    II. Answering Questions in Chinese
    Usage:

    There are some exceptions to the rules above. For example, when the verb is 姓 xìng
    “to be surnamed” or 叫 jiào “to be called”.
    When the question is 他姓李嗎?
    Tā xìng Lǐ ma? ‘Is he surnamed Li?’, the negative reply should be 不姓李 Bú xìng Lǐ
    ‘(He is) not surnamed Li.’, rather than *不姓 bú xìng. When the question is 李先生 叫
    開文嗎? Lǐ Xiānshēng jiào Kāiwén ma? ‘Is Mr. Li called Kaiwen?’, the negative reply
    should be 不叫開文 Bú jiào Kāiwén ‘(He is) not called Kaiwen.’, rather than * 不叫
    bú jiào.
    II. Answering Questions in Chinese
    練 習 Exercise

    1 李小姐是美國人嗎?
    2 他是陳先生嗎?
    3 他喜歡喝茶嗎?
    4 王小姐要不要喝咖啡?
    5 他叫明華嗎?
    III. Modification Marker 很 hěn
    Function: The adverb 很 hěn modifies state verbs (Vs).

    1 我很好。 Wǒ hěn hǎo. I am fine.

    2 他很喜歡臺灣。 Tā hěn xǐhuān Táiwān. He likes Taiwan.

    3 臺灣人很喜歡喝烏龍茶。 Táiwān rén hěn xǐhuān hē Wūlóng chá.


    Taiwanese people like to drink Oolong tea.
    III. Modification Marker 很 hěn
    Structures: The adverb 很 hěn is placed before state verbs (Vs) as follows: Subject 很
    hěn + State Verb.

    1 烏龍茶很好喝。 Wūlóng chá hěn hǎohē. Oolong tea tastes good.

    2 他很喜歡日本人。 Tā hěn xǐhuān Rìběn rén. He likes Japanese people.

    3 我們很好。 Wǒmen hěn hǎo. We are fine.


    III. Modification Marker 很 hěn
    Usage:

    In general, adjectival state verbs must be preceded by either 不 or intensifiers.


    When no particular intensity is intended, they are preceded by 很 hěn.
    That is, 很 hěn + stative verb means ‘very stative verb’
    (very expensive, very good,very tall, etc.) and sometimes it just means a stative verb.
    When 很 is intended to actually mean ‘very’, it is typically stressed in speech.
    III. Modification Marker 很 hěn
    練 習 Exercise

    1 你好嗎? 我很好。

    2 李明華喜歡他嗎? 李明華很喜歡他。

    3 陳小姐不喜歡喝茶嗎? 陳小姐很喜歡喝茶。 Yes, she does.

    4 王先生不喜歡臺灣嗎? 他很喜歡臺灣。 Yes, he does.

    5 明華不喜歡月美嗎? 他很喜歡。 Yes, he (actually) does.


    IV. Contrastive Questions with 呢 ne
    Function: The 呢 ne question is a tag question with a short form following a
    statement.

    1 我要喝茶,你呢? Wǒ yào hē chá, nǐ ne?


    I want to drink tea, and you?

    2 他不喝咖啡,陳小姐呢? Tā bù hē kāfēi, Chén Xiǎojiě ne?


    He does not drink coffee. What about Miss Chen?

    3 王先生是日本人,李先生呢? Wáng Xiānshēng shì Rìběn rén, Lǐ Xiānshēng ne?


    Mr. Wang is Japanese. What about Mr. Li?
    IV. Contrastive Questions with 呢 ne
    Structures:

    1. Same predicate, different subjects S1 V O, S2 呢 ne?

    (1) 他是美國人,你呢? Tā shì Měiguó rén, nǐ ne? He’s American. And you?

    (2) 他喜歡我們,你呢? Tā xǐhuān wǒmen, nǐ ne? He likes us. How about you?
    IV. Contrastive Questions with 呢 ne
    Structures:
    2. Same subject, different predicates S V O1, O2 呢 ne?

    (1) 你喜歡喝茶,咖啡呢? Nǐ xǐhuān hē chá, kāfēi ne?


    You like to drink tea. How about coffee?

    (2) 他不喝咖啡,茶呢? Tā bù hē kāfēi, chá ne?


    He doesn’t drink coffee. How about tea?
    IV. Contrastive Questions with 呢 ne
    練 習 Exercise

    1 陳小姐來臺北,王先生呢?
    2 日本人喜歡喝咖啡, 呢?
    3 他來臺灣,李先生呢?
    4 你不喝咖啡, ?
    5 他喝烏龍茶, ?

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