The title should be typed in capital letters and

centered. If the title requires additional lines,

it should be encoded in an inverted pyramid
manner.

TITLE GOES HERE TITLE GOES HERE TITLE GOES HERE

TITLE GOES HERE TITLE GOES HERE

___________________________

Departments:
• Senior High School
A Research Presented to
The Faculty of the Department of _________________
STI College – Malolos
Dakila, City of Malolos, Bulacan

Tracks:
___________________________
• Academic Track
• Technical Vocational Livelihood Track

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Practical Research 2
_____________________________
________________________ Strands:
For Academic Track
• Accountancy, Business, and Management
• Humanities and Social Sciences
___________________________ • Science and Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics

For TVL Track

• Digital Arts
• IT in Mobile App and Web Development
• Culinary Arts
• Tourism Operations
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME
FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME

January 2022
 ABSTRACT

Do not indent the first line. Summarize your whole thesis manuscript into 300 words.

This section should provide the most important aspects of your study. The introductory

sentence should describe the research problem and address the reason why the study is

important. It may seek to address the research gap. The next sentence should briefly

describe the study’s methodology. For quantitative research, you can write, “Through

a quasi-experiment carried out over an eight-week period with undergraduate students

(n = 100) in a state university, the study investigated . . .” For qualitative research, you

can write, “By conducting key informant interviews with community leaders (n = 6)

and health officials (n = 9) in an urban village in Bulacan, this study explored . . .”

These foregoing examples already provide the readers information regarding the num-

ber of people involved in the study, the research method you employed, and the place

where you conducted the study (you may choose not to provide the name of the specific

place). Afterwards, you present the most important findings of your study in one to two

sentences. The same goes when presenting your conclusions and recommendations or

implications. Use the present tense of verbs in stating your results or conclusions that

have continuing applicability (e.g., The research reveals that . . . ). However, use the

past tense in describing how the variables were measured in the study (e.g., This study

employed . . . ). Use the active voice.

Keywords: lorem ipsum; dolor; consectetur; cras pretium (Include four or five most

important concepts. Use specific keywords that capture the most relevant aspects of

your thesis. )

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Indent the first line of every paragraph. The text must be double-spaced. You

may wish to recognize the support and assistance provided to you by the members of

the panel of examiners, family members, and friends who may have helped you in the

various aspects of conducting the study. Do not make any text in any part of this section

bold or bigger.

Indent the second line of every paragraph. The text must be double-spaced. You

may wish to recognize the support and assistance provided to you by the members of

the panel of examiners, family members, and friends who may have helped you in the

various aspects of conducting the study. Do not make any text in any part of this section

bold or bigger.

Indent the third line of every paragraph. The text must be double-spaced. You

may wish to recognize the support and assistance provided to you by the members of

the panel of examiners, family members, and friends who may have helped you in the

various aspects of conducting the study. Do not make any text in any part of this section

bold or bigger.

J.A. Dela Cruz

Please strictly follow this format when writing
your names on this particular section. J.A. Dela Cruz
J.A. Dela Cruz
J.A. Dela Cruz

iii
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
Do not put a heading on this section.

Please strictly follow this format.

This work is dedicated to our

JADC
Please strictly follow this format when writ-
ing the initial of your names on this particu- JADC
lar section. JADC
JADC

iv
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
Please strictly follow this format. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Approval Sheet ........................................................................................................... ii

Certificate of Editing .................................................................................................iii

Certificate of Statistical Treatment............................................................................ iv

Abstract ..................................................................................................................... v

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... vi

Dedication ................................................................................................................ vii

CHAPTER I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS RELATED LITERATURE ............... #

Introduction ................................................................................................................ #

Review of Related Literature and Studies .................................................................. #

Relevant Theories ...................................................................................................... #

Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................. #

Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................... #

Hypothesis of the Study ............................................................................................. #

Significance of the Study .......................................................................................... #

Scope and Delimitation ............................................................................................. #

Definition of Terms ................................................................................................... #

CHAPTER II – METHODS OF RESEARCH ......................................................... #

Research Design ........................................................................................................ #

Research Locale ......................................................................................................... #

Population and Sample of the Study ......................................................................... #

Sampling Design ....................................................................................................... #

v
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 Research Instrument .................................................................................................. #

Data Gathering Procedures ........................................................................................ #

Data Analysis ............................................................................................................. #

Ethical Considerations................................................................................................ #

Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ #

CHAPTER III – PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA ....................................................................................................................... #

Title of the Subsection ............................................................................................... #

Title of the Subsection ............................................................................................... #

Title of the Subsection ............................................................................................... #

Title of the Subsection ............................................................................................... #

CHAPTER IV – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ #

Summary of Findings ................................................................................................ #

Conclusions ............................................................................................................... #

Recommendations ..................................................................................................... #

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. #

ABOUT THE RESEARCHERS ................................................................................. #

vi
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Title of the Table .......................................................................................... #

Table 2. Title of the Table ........................................................................................ #

Table 3. Title of the Table ........................................................................................ #

vii
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Title of the Figure ...................................................................................... #

Figure 2. Title of the Figure ...................................................................................... #

Figure 3. Title of the Figure ...................................................................................... #

viii
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
APPENDICES

Appendix A. Title of the Appendix ........................................................................... #

Appendix B. Title of the Appendix ........................................................................... #

Appendix C. Title of the Appendix ........................................................................... #

ix
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Limit this section to two to three pages. Introduce the specific problem and dis-

cuss why it is important. You may start with a brief background about the topic. In

particular, you can write about how the topic has been studied or has been developed

as a research area. You may also argue why the topic has not been fully studied despite

its relevance. If it has been fully studied, justify why there is still a need to study it. You

may then pay attention to addressing the research gap in the body of literature.

Establishing the importance of the topic can be done at the micro or macro level.

The importance of the topic can be established for a particular discipline (e.g., “Inves-

tigating self-efficacy is a continuing concern within the field of . . .”), community, or a

wider society (e.g., “One of the increasingly recognized public issues is . . .”). A sum-

mary of literature may also be offered (e.g., “Recent developments in educational psy-

chology have highlighted the need for . . .”).

The next part should focus on specifying the issues that underlie the topic. In

doing so, you are highlighting the problem of your study (e.g., “However, the availa-

bility of new technologies presents a challenge to educators . . .”). You may also pay

attention to what has not been studied yet in the body of literature (e.g., “Previous stud-

ies concerning academic motivation have not dealth with . . .”). This then becomes your

opportunity to present the research gap (e.g., “There has been limited analysis of . . .”).

The last part should provide the readers an idea of you intend to pursue your study

(e.g., “This thesis intends to determine . . .”). This is the part where you have to answer

1
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
why there is a need to study your topic. It is also important to point out the potential

contribution of your study to the body of knowledge or literature or its implications to

policy or practice (e.g., This study aims to contribute to the research base about . . .”).

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Write an introductory paragraph here. Provide a general introduction. The para-

graph allows you to discuss what your readers should expect from this particular sub-

section. Use the present tense. You only need to write here a word or phrase pertaining

to variable that you are studying. Discuss here the key concepts or variables you used

in your study. The variables that you are most likely to discuss in this subsection are

those found in your statement of the problem. Use cross- referencing. Here’s the format

for listing the concepts, variables or related studies:

Do not write here the title of the study. Write an introductory paragraph here.

Provide a general introduction. The paragraph allows you to discuss what your readers

should expect from this particular sub-section. Use the present tense. Notice that in this

subsection, there are no words, phrases, or titles that should be written in bold letters.

Most of these studies should be taken from peer-reviewed reference materials like jour-

nal articles and theses.

In each paragraph, the research problem of the related study must be introduced.

Its research design (methodology) must also be explained. You also have to state the

major findings and conclusions. You may also state the limitation of the study. You do

not have to put the complete title of each study.

You need to organize this review of related studies to determine what has al-ready

been known about the topic and to find gaps or holes in previous research. You may

focus on one type of review, or you may combine different types of review (e.g., studies

2
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
with similar topics, methods, or frameworks). To have a smoother and more coherent

way of discussing the studies, you have to use transitional words and phrases for com-

parison (e.g., “Similarly, the study of . . .”; “Likewise, . . .”) or contrast (e.g., “In con-

trast, . . .”; “However, . . .”; “On the contrary, . . .”).

Repeat this method in at least 15 related literature (10 foreign literature and 5

local literature). Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas

porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus

malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,

consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna

sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros

quis urna.

Relevant Theories

Write an introductory paragraph here. The paragraph allows you to discuss what

your readers should expect from this particular subsection. Use the present tense.

Write here the name of the theory in bold letters. Discuss here the principles

and assumptions of the theory. Use cross- referencing. The last paragraph should pro-

vide a discussion of how your research problem was derived from (e.g., experimental

study) or linked to (e.g., survey study) the theory.

Write here the name of the theory in bold letters. Discuss here the principles

and assumptions of the theory. Use cross- referencing. The last paragraph should pro-

vide a discussion of how your research problem was derived from (e.g., experimental

study) or linked to (e.g., survey study) the theory.

3
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 Write here the name of the theory in bold letters. Discuss here the principles

and assumptions of the theory. Use cross- referencing. The last paragraph should pro-

vide a discussion of how your research problem was derived from (e.g., experimental

study) or linked to (e.g., survey study) the theory.

Conceptual Framework

Write an introductory paragraph here. Provide a general introduction. The para-

graph allows you to discuss what your readers should expect from this particular sub-

section. Use the present tense. Regarding the figure’s title that is written below the

table, notice that ‘Figure 1’ is set in italics; however, the corresponding title should not

be italicized.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Discuss here how the different concepts taken from your review of related literatures

and studies are connected or related to each other. This framework should be based on

your research questions (as indicated in the Statement of the Problem).

4
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
Statement of the Problem

State clearly the research problem. Use the declarative form in stating the main

problem of your study (e.g., The general problem of this study is to (for quantitative

research, use verbs such as determine, analyze, investigate, and examine; for qualitative

research, use verbs such as explore, understand, describe, and discover).

The second paragraph should state clearly the specific research problems. Use the

question form in stating these problems of your study.

1. How may the level of political participation be assessed in terms of:

1.1. political knowledge;

1.2. political interest and understanding;

1.3. political cynicism; and

1.4. trust? (Descriptive Research Question)

2. Does reliance on social networking sites significantly relate to political partici-

pation of the respondents? (Relationship Research Question)

3. Does reliance on social networking sites significantly affect political participa-

tion of the respondents? (Effect Research Question)

4. How do education students from private and state universities differ in terms of

their reliance on social networking sites? (Difference Research Question)

5. What is the result of the pre-test/post-test of the participants before and after

the application of error analysis strategy in selected topics in general mathe-

matics? (Experimental Research Questions)

6. Is there a significant difference on the pre-test/post-test results of the students

after the application of error analysis strategy in selected topics in general math-

ematics? (Experimental Research Questions)

5
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
Hypothesis of the Study

Write an introductory sentence here (e.g., “The study tested the following hy-

pothesis:”). (The null hypothesis should be stated here. Remove this part if you con-

ducted a qualitative research.) Here are different ways by which you can state the null

hypothesis:

Ho: There is no significant relationship between . . .

Ho: There is no significant difference between . . .

Ho: There is no significant difference in the mean scores . . .

Ho: Variable X does not significantly affect variable Y . . .

Significance of the Study

Provide the importance of the study to each stakeholder who is likely to benefit

from the outcomes of your research. Write an introductory sentence for this section.

Here’s the format for listing the stakeholders:

Stakeholder. Discuss how this particular group of stakeholders would benefit

from your study. (Use the present tense.)

Students. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas

porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus

malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

Curriculum Developers. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing

elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies,

purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

Future Researchers. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.

Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus

lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

6
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
Scope and Delimitation

Discuss the boundaries of your study in terms of specific sample, specific locality,

specific period of study, specific nature and number of variables, and specific type of

research design. Delimitations are choices that you impose in your study (e.g., “The

study examined only . . .”). You may also discuss here the limitations or the potential

weaknesses of your study. Limitations are unavoidable conditions regarding your re-

search design, sampling, and measurement, contributing to such weaknesses (e.g., This

study was limited by its use of qualitative methods. Hence, it could not provide empir-

ical methods to provide scientific explanations . . .”). Use the past tense.

Definition of Terms

Write an introductory sentence here. Use operational definitions. Definitions

should be based on how you used them or how you measured them in your study. Do

not provide definitions based on dictionaries or encyclopedias. The list is not numbered.

The entries should be alphabetized. Here’s the format for listing the terms:

Write here the term in bold letters. Write here the operational definition. Again,

you do not provide a definition based on what you read from dictionaries or encyclo-

pedias. You should base it on how it was used in your study.

Write here the term in bold letters. Write here the operational definition. Again,

you do not provide a definition based on what you read from dictionaries or encyclo-

pedias. You should base it on how it was used in your study.

Write here the term in bold letters. Write here the operational definition. Again,

you do not provide a definition based on what you read from dictionaries or encyclo-

pedias. You should base it on how it was used in your study.

7
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 REFERENCES

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., & Surname3, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Peri-

odical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., & Surname3, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Peri-

odical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., & Surname3, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Peri-

odical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. Retrieved from

http://www.wwwwww./www

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., Surname4, Surname5, I.I., Surname6,

I.I., . . . Surname12, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume Num-

ber (Issue Number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

(Follow strictly the format of each reference entry. The lines after the first line of a ci-
tation should be indented. Please check the succeeding pages for the formatting of
each type of reference material).

8
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 CREATING THE REFERENCE LIST

PERIODICALS (JOURNAL, NEWSPAPER, MAGAZINE)

General Form:
Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., & Surname3, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Peri-
odical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

Journal article with doi (digital object identifier):

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., & Surname3, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Peri-
odical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

Journal article without doi (digital object identifier):

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., & Surname3, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Peri-
odical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. Retrieved from
http://www.wwwwww./www
Note: Use the URL of the journal’s home page. Remove the hyperlink.

Journal article with more than seven authors:

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., Surname4, Surname5, I.I., Surname6,
I.I., . . . Surname12, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume
Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., Surname4, Surname5, I.I., Surname6,
I.I., . . . Surname12, I.I. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume
Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. Retrieved from http://www.wwwwww./www

Magazine Article:
Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., & Surname4 (Year, Month). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp.

Magazine Article (Online):

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., & Surname4 (Year, Month). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp. Retrieved
from http://www.wwwwww./www

Newspaper Article:
Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., & Surname4 (Year, Month Day). Title
of article. Title of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp.
Note: Use “p.” or “pp.” before the page number/s. (example, [discontinuous] pp. B4,
B6; [continuous] pp. B4-B6; [single] p. B4)

Newspaper Article (Online):

Surname1, I. I., Surname2, I.I., Surname3, I.I., & Surname4 (Year, Month Day). Title
of article. Title of Periodical. Retrieved from http://www.wwwwww./www
Note: Put the URL of the online newspaper’s home page.

9
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
BOOKS
General Format:
Surname1, I. I., & Surname2, I.I. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Book (Printed):
Surname1, I. I., & Surname2, I.I. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Book (Electronic version):

Surname1, I. I., & Surname2, I.I. (Year). Title of work [ xxxxxx version]. Retrieved
from http://www.wwwwww./www

Surname1, I. I., & Surname2, I.I. (Year). Title of work [ xxxxxx version].
doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

Dictionary/Encyclopedia (Printed):
Surname1, I. I. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Entry in a Dictionary/Encyclopedia (online):

Surname1, I. I. (Year). Entry. In I.I. Surname (Ed.), Title of work (ed.). Retrieved
from http://www.wwwwww./www

Entry in a Dictionary/Encyclopedia (online, no author):

Entry. (Year). In Title of work (ed.). Retrieved from http://www.wwwwww./www

TECHNICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS

Government Report:
Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of work (Report Number, Contract Num-
ber, or Monograph Number). Retrieved from http://www.wwwwww./www

NGO Report:
Surname1, I. I. (Year). Title of work (Report Number, Contract Number, or Mono-
graph Number). Retrieved from Name of Agency website:
http://www.wwwwww./www

THESES/DISSERTATIONS
Thesis or Dissertation (Database Service):
Surname, I.I. (Year). Title of work (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of data-
base. (Accession or Order No.)
Note: or (Doctoral dissertation)

Unpublished thesis or dissertation:

Surname, I.I. (Year). Title of work (Unpublished master’s thesis). Name of Institution,
Location.
Note: or (Unpublished doctoral dissertation)

10
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
Thesis or Dissertation (Web, from the US):
Surname, I.I. (Year). Title of work (Master’s thesis, Name of Institution). Retrieved
from http://www.wwwwww./www
Note: or (Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution)

Thesis or Dissertation (Web, outside the US):

Surname, I.I. (Year). Title of work (Master’s thesis, Name of Institution, City or Prov-
ince, Country). Retrieved from http://www.wwwwww./www
Note: or (Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution, City or Province, Country)

11
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

LETTER OF _________________

12
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 APPENDIX B

LETTER OF _________________

13
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 APPENDIX C

CERTIFICATE OF _________________

14
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS
 ABOUT THE RESEARCHERS

Write a short paragraph that would tell something about your-

self here. Start with the author whose surname appears first in
the title page. Write details about your college education, rel-
evant academic experiences, honors or awards, and interests.
Do not include your contact information.

Write a short paragraph that would tell something about your-

self here. Start with the author whose surname appears first in
the title page. Write details about your college education, rel-
evant academic experiences, honors or awards, and interests.
Do not include your contact information.

Write a short paragraph that would tell something about your-

self here. Start with the author whose surname appears first in
the title page. Write details about your college education, rel-
evant academic experiences, honors or awards, and interests.
Do not include your contact information.

Write a short paragraph that would tell something about your-

self here. Start with the author whose surname appears first in
the title page. Write details about your college education, rel-
evant academic experiences, honors or awards, and interests.
Do not include your contact information.

15
STI – COLLEGE MALOLOS