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Transformations - Practice Problems For CAD

This document contains 30 practice problems related to transformations in computer-aided design. The problems cover topics like rotation matrices, reflection transformations, rigid body transformations, scaling, shearing, and combining multiple transformations. Students are asked to derive transformation matrices, apply transformations to objects, decompose transformations, and identify applications of rigid body transformations in engineering.

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926 views6 pages

Transformations - Practice Problems For CAD

This document contains 30 practice problems related to transformations in computer-aided design. The problems cover topics like rotation matrices, reflection transformations, rigid body transformations, scaling, shearing, and combining multiple transformations. Students are asked to derive transformation matrices, apply transformations to objects, decompose transformations, and identify applications of rigid body transformations in engineering.

Uploaded by

bindu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice Problems for Computer-Aided Design Course

Dr Hari Kumar Voruganti, MED, NIT Warangal

UNIT-1: Transformations

1. Describe three properties of a Rotation matrix with mathematical details.

2. Consider the matrix

a) Prove that the above matrix produces a pure rotation.

b) Find the equivalent rotation angle.

3. Consider the cube with one corner removed shown below. The position
vectors are: A(2,1,2),B(3,1,2), C(3,1.5,2), D(2.5,2,2), E(2,2,2), F(2,1,1),
G(3,1,1), H(3,2,1), I(2,2,1), J(3,2,1.5). Find the transformation matrix to
reflect the cube through the plane containing the ∆CDJ. Verify your
answers by writing the code in the Matlab. Show the plots generated in
Matlab.
5. What is a rigid body transformation? What Kind of transformation matrix
ensures rigid body transformation? Provide the proof

6. Let D be a point on line L and S be an object in two-dimensional space. It


is required to reflect S about L. Develop the required transformation
matrices to achieve the task.

7. Which are the transformations that do not preserve shape and size?
Mention corresponding transformation matrices in 3D.

8. Given a homogeneous transformation matrix, how do you obtain its


inverse by exploiting its unique properties?

10. The corners of wedge-shaped block are A (0, 0, 2), B (0, 0, 3), C (0, 2, 3),
D (0, 2, 2), E (-1, 2, 2) and F (-1, 2, 3), and the reflection plane passes
through the y-axis at 450 between (-x) and z-axis. Determine the reflection
of the wedge.

11. Using complex numbers, transformations can be represented concisely.


For example, if a point P (x, y) is represented as a complex number c = x
+ iy then c′ = ceiθ represents the rotation of P about z-axis by an angle θ.

a) Verify the claim.


b) Workout a similar relationship for translation using complex
numbers.
c) Can you combine rotation and translation as it is done in
homogeneous coordinate system?

12. Consider the following three transformations to be applied on an object.


(i) Rotation about y-axis by , (ii) rotation about x-axis by . What should
be the values of  and  for equal reduction of lengths along coordinate
axes?

13. Consider two lines L1: y = c and L2: y = mx +c which intersect at point C
on y-axis. The angle  between these lines can be found easily. A point
P(x1; y1) is first reflected through L1 and subsequently through L2. Show
that this is equivalent to rotating the point P about the intersection point
C by 2.

14. Given a point P(2,4, 8), using the homogeneous representation:

a) Calculate the coordinates of the transformed point P * if P is rotated


about the X, Y and Z axes by an angles 30, 60 and 900 respectively.

b) If the point P* obtained in part (a) is to be rotated back to its original


position, find the corresponding rotation matrix. Verify your answer.

c) Calculate P* if P is to be translated by d = 3i - 4j - 5k and then scaled


uniformly by s = 1:5.

15. Mention two ways of expressing the scaling matrix if the scaling is
uniform in all three directions? How both the matrices are equivalent?
16 Show with a proof that transformation matrix has to be orthogonal to
preserve the shape and size of an object.

17. Consider the triangle ABC with A (4, 1), B (5, 2) and C (4, 3). Compute
transformation matrix to reflect the triangle about x-axis followed by a
reflection about a line y=-x.

18. Show that the reflection about an arbitrary line ax + by + c = 0 is given


by

19. Derive the matrix for rotation of a point P about the Z-axis in 2D.

20. Prove that if a point to be rotated about a given axis of rotation lies on the
axis, the point does not change position in space and, therefore, its
coordinates do not change.

21. For what values of A does the following matrix represent pure rotation
and for what values does it represent pure reflection?
22. Derive the transformation matrix and find the angles involved in the
process of diametric projection of an object if the shrinkage is 50% in the
z-direction.

23. Sometimes, a certain transformation A may be equivalent to the combined


effects of several different transformations B, C, and D. We say that, A
can be decomposed into B, C, and D. Mathematically, this is equivalent
to saying that the original transformation matrix TA equals the product
TBTCTD. For example, any rotation θ in two dimensions is a combination
of scaling followed by shearing. If the required scaling is by cosθ along
both directions, find the corresponding shearing matrix. Also, show the
both the procedures graphically for a case of square with vertices A (1, 0),
B (2, 0), C (2, 1) and D (1, 1).

24. What are rigid-body transformation and identify three unique applications
of the same in engineering?

25. Given the points of an object before and after a transformation, one can
reconstruct the transformation matrix from them. Consider four points P 1
= (0,0), P2 = (0,1), P3 = (1,1), and P4= (1,0) which are transformed to P1*
= (0,0), P2*= (2,3), P3*=(8,4), P4*=(6,1) using a transformation matrix, T.
Find/reconstruct T?

26. Prove that three successive shearings about the x, y, and x axes is
equivalent to a rotation about the origin.
27. Which 3D transformation matrix has all the diagonal elements equal to 1?
Is it a rigid body transformation? Justify your answer.

28. What scaling transformation changes a circle to an ellipse?

29 (a) Verify the below statement


A clockwise rotation of 58.28°, followed by a scaling of φ in
the x-direction and 1/φ in the y- direction, followed by a
counter clockwise rotation of 31.72° is equivalent to a unit
shear in the x- direction.

(b) Show the all transformations in the above procedure graphically on a


unit square with φ=1.618 (golden section ratio).

30 𝑎 0
(a) Matrix [ ] scales an object by factors a and d along the x and y
0 𝑑
axes, respectively. Find the matrix to scale the object by the same factors,
but in the i and j directions show in the below figure.

(b) Discuss the case with a=d (uniform scaling)

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