Perform the indicated operations

1. x 4 . x 6 x6
9.
x2
2. 23 . x 6
10. ( 5 x )3
3. ( 3 x ) 4

11. x 3 . x 6
3 5
4. ( a )
12. ( ab )5
5. ( 4 a ) 2

3z
13.
x15 6z
6. 10
x
y3
14.
y3 y 10
7.
y8
y 15
15.
8. ( xy ) 4 y7

Laws of Exponents.

1. The product of powers

If m and n are positive integers and a is a real numbers then,

Example;

1. a m . a n=¿am+n 3. x 5 . x 2=x 7

a 3 . a2= ( a . a. a )( a . a )

= a3+2 4.( s5 ) ( s3 ) =s 8

2. 23 .23 =( 2.2.2 ) ( 2.2.2 )

¿ 23+3 =26
5. 32 .3 2=34
¿ 81

2. To Power of a Power

If m is a positive integer and a+b are real number then:

( a m )n

Example;

( a 3 )2 ¿ ( a . a . a ) ( a . a .a )

¿ ( a 3 )2 ¿ a6

( 23 )2 ¿ a2.3 =a6

( x 4 ) 2 ¿ x 4.2=x 8

( z 15 )3 ¿ z 5.3=z 15

3. The power of Product

If m is a positive integer and a+b are real numbers then

( ab )m ¿ a m b m

Example;

1. ( ab )3 ¿ ( ab )( ab )( ab )

¿ a3 b3

2. ( xy )5 ¿ x 5 y 5

3. ( 2 a )5 ¿ 25 a5

¿ 32 a5

4. ( 3 x )3 ¿ 33 x3

¿ 27 x 3

5. ( 4 b ) 4 ¿ 4 4 b 4
¿ 256 b 4

Division

4. The Quotient of powers.

If m and n are positive integers and a is a real numbers then.

am m−n
n
=a if m > n
a

Example;

a5 a . a .a . a . a 3
1. 2
= =a
a a. a

Or a 5−2 =a3

x8 8−5 3
2. 5
=x =x
x

z4 3
3. =z
z

y8 3
4. . 5 = y
y

1
am
n
=a n−m if m < n
a

Example;

a3 a .a . a 1 1 1
6
= = 3 or a 6 −3 =a 3
a a . a . a. a . a . a a
1 1
x5
2. 8
=x 8−5 =x 3
x
1 1
z 2 6−2 4
=z =z
z6
1
y4
=y4
y8
 1
25 1
10
=2 5 =
2 64

The power of Quotient

If m is a positive integer, a+b are real numbers then

a am
()
b
m
¿
a
m

Example;

a a . a .a . a a 4 s s4
1. ()
b
4
¿ =
b .b .b . b b 4
4.() t
4
¿
s4

x x5 z w5
2. ( )
y
5
¿
y5
5. ( )
w
5
¿
z5

2 23 8
3. ()
3
3
¿ =
33 27

Product of polynomials

Rule 1. To multiply two monomials, use commutative, associative and the laws of exponents.

a. ( 3 x 2 y 2 z 4 ) ( 2 x 2 y 2 z 6 )=6 x 4 y 4 z 10

b. ( 4 a ) ( 2 a )=8 a 2

c. ( 4 x ) ( 2 y )=8 xy

d. ( 4 a b ) ( 2 a c )=8 a2 bc

e. ( 4 x yz ) ( 2 x 4 y 4 z 2 )=8 x 5 y 5 z 3

Rule 2. To multiply two polinomials, use commutative, associative and the laws of Exponents.
1. 2x – 3y 2. 3x + 4y

4x + 5y 2x + 5y
8x2-12xy 6x2 + 8xy
+10xy-15y2 + 15xy + 20y2
8x2 - 2x2 - 15y2 6x2 + 15xy + 20y2

3. 4a2 + 2a + 5 4. 2x2 – 3x + 6
2a – 3 2x – 4
8a3 + 4a2 + 10a 4x3 – 6x2 – 12x
- 12a2 – 6a – 15 - 8x2 + 12x – 24
8a3 – 8a2 + 49 – 15 4x3 – 14x2 – 24

5. 4a + 2b

3a – 4b

12a2 + 6ab

- 16ab - 8b2

12a2 – 10ab – 8b2

Rules in Dividing Polynomial

1. To divide monomials use the laws of exponents in division

−66 y 4 z 2 2 2
a. 4 4
=3 x y z
−2 x b z

14 a4 b 4 z 6 2 2
b. 2 2 5
=7 a b z
2a b z
 40 xy
c. =8
5 xy

70 x 2 y 2 z 2
d. =14 xy z
5 xy z

4 a2 bc
e. =2 ab
2abv

Rule 2. To divide polynomial by a monomial

a+b a b
a. = +
c c c

12 x 2 y 4 z 5−3 x 4 y 6 z 6 2 3 3 4 4
b. 2 2
=4 x y z −x y z
3x y z

14 a4 b 6 c7 + 8 a3 b5 c8 2 2 2 3
c. 2 4 5
=7 a b c +4 ab c
2a b c