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A Project On: "Evolution of Computers"

Kanishka's school project discusses the evolution of computers over five generations from the 1940s to present day. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, inefficient, and costly. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller, cheaper, and less heat-producing. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, further miniaturizing computers. The fourth generation began using microprocessors and graphical user interfaces. The fifth generation continues to advance with technologies like voice recognition and more user-friendly devices. Each new generation brought advantages of increased speed, reliability and smaller size along with some continued needs for cooling and maintenance.

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Mohammed Roshan
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14K views9 pages

A Project On: "Evolution of Computers"

Kanishka's school project discusses the evolution of computers over five generations from the 1940s to present day. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were very large, inefficient, and costly. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller, cheaper, and less heat-producing. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, further miniaturizing computers. The fourth generation began using microprocessors and graphical user interfaces. The fifth generation continues to advance with technologies like voice recognition and more user-friendly devices. Each new generation brought advantages of increased speed, reliability and smaller size along with some continued needs for cooling and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Roshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A PROJECT ON

“EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS”

NAME: Kanishka
CLASS: 11th
SCHOOL: CMC I School
SUBJECT: Informatics practices
SUBMITTED TO: Mrs Lakshmi Sri
Priya
INTRODUCTION:
 A computer is an electronic device
that manipulates information or data.
It has the ability to store, retrieve, and
process data. ... But the evolution of
this complex system started around
1940 with the first Generation of
Computer and evolving ever since.
 From the simple calculator to a
modern-day powerful data processor,
computing devices have evolved in
relatively short time.
THE EVOLUTION
The evolution is occurred in 5
generation…

 Computing began at the mechanical


level, added an information level
(software), then a human level and
finally a community level; it is an
example of general system evolution.
 While the conceptual idea behind a
computer was developed in the 19th
century, the first electronic computer
was developed in the 1940s.
1. FIRST GENERATION
 J.P. Eckert and J.W. Mauchy invented
the first successful electronic computer
called ENIAC, ENIAC stands for
“Electronic Numeric Integrated and
Calculator”.
ADVANTAGES:
 It made use of vacuum tubes which
are the only electronic component
available during those days.
DISADVANTAGES:
 These were very big in size; weight was
about 30 tones.
 These computers were Very less work
efficiency. very costly.
 Since magnetic drums were present, they
could only store a small amount of
information

2.SECOND GENERATION
 Transistors were used in the second
generation of the machine rather than
vacuum tubes.
 For computers from 1956 to 1963
transistors were used extensively.
ADVANTAGES:
 Less energy and not produce as much
heat as the first generation.
 Assembly language and punch cards
were used for input.
 Low cost than first generation computers.
DISADVANTAGES:
 A cooling system was required.
 Constant maintenance was required.
 Only used for specific purposes.

3. THIRD GEN
 1965-1971 is the period of third
generation computer.
 These computers were based on
Integrated circuits.
 IC was invented by Robert Noyce and
Jack Kilby In 1958-1959.
 IC was a single component containing
number of transistors.
ADVANTAGES:
 These computers were cheaper as
compared to second-generation
computers.
 They were fast and reliable.
 Use of IC in the computer provides the
small size of the computer.
DISADVANTAGES:
 IC chips are difficult to maintain.
 Air conditioning is required.
4.FOURTH GEN
 1971-1980 is the period of fourth
generation computer.
 A microprocessor is used in a computer
for any logical and arithmetic function to
be performed in any program.
 Graphics User Interface (GUI)
technology was exploited to offer more
comfort to users.
ADVANTAGES:
 Fastest in computation and size get
reduced as compared to the previous
generation of computer.
 Heat generated is negligible.
 Small in size as compared to previous
generation computers.
 Less maintenance is required.
DISADVANTAGES:
 A system for cooling was required.
 It needed continuous maintenance.
5. FIFTH GENERATION:
 Fifth-generation artificial intelligence-
based computing devices are still
emerging, although a range of
technologies is still being used today,
such as voice recognition.
 Some examples are desktop, laptop,
Ultrabook.
ADVANTAGES:
 It operates quicker and more efficiently.
 This is available in various sizes and
features.
 This offers more user-friendly graphical
interfaces on the device.
DISADVANTAGES:
 They need all high-level languages that
need to be mastered.
 Are more sophisticated.
 They may replace humans causing

unemployment in the future.

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