Instructions 

available only in DIRECT mode
Instructions that can be used only if DIRECT mode has been turned on by pressing the DIRECT button
These instructions cannot be included in programs in EDIT mode.

Initializes the BASIC internal memory

CLEAR DIRECT mode only
Format CLEAR
Examples CLEAR

Erases programs
NEW DIRECT mode only
Format NEW [Program SLOT]
0-3: Erases the specified SLOT only
Arguments Program SLOT
If unspecified, all SLOTs are erased
NEW
Examples
NEW 3

Switches to EDIT mode and starts editing

LIST - DIRECT mode only
- Using LIST with no argument is equal to pressing the EDIT button
Format LIST [ Line number/ERR ]
- If unspecified, the displayed list will start with the default line
Arguments Line number
- A program SLOT can be specified, e.g., by entering 2:120
ERR Specifies the line where the last error occurred
LIST ERR
Examples
LIST 1:

Program execution
RUN DIRECT mode only
Format RUN [Program SLOT]
Arguments Program SLOT Specified program SLOT to be executed (0 to 3. If omitted, 0)
RUN
Examples
RUN 1

Resumes a suspended program

- DIRECT mode only
- Execution is resumed from the location it was suspended at using the START button, the STOP instruction, or due
CONT to an error
- If the program has been stopped and then edited, it cannot be resumed
- If the program was suspended while waiting for user input, it cannot be resumed
- The program may not be able to be resumed depending on the type of error that occurred
Format CONT
Examples CONT

Switches the default project

PROJECT (1) DIRECT mode only
Format PROJECT "Project name"
Name string of project to change
Arguments Project name - New projects can be created from the TOP MENU
- Project name "" specifies the default project
1) Current project at start-up time (specified using Change Active Project option under the
Manage Projects/Files menu)
2) Current project at non-execution time (set with the PROJECT instruction)
3) Current project at execution time (set during execution, e.g., of EXEC)
Three conditions
When the current project is set for 1) - 3), the respective subordinate project settings will
Supplement for the current
also be updated accordingly.
project
For example, if the current project is changed through the Change Active Project setting, the
project at non-execution time and the project at execution time will also be changed.
Furthermore, when execution is started (by using RUN, executing a tool, or executing a program
from the file viewer), the current project at non-execution time will be set as the initial
value of the current project at execution time.
Examples PROJECT ""

Obtains the default project

PROJECT (2) Can be also used from within programs
Format PROJECT OUT PJ$
Arguments None
Return Values PJ$ Current project name
Examples PROJECT OUT PJ$

Displays the history of previous callers

- DIRECT mode only
BACKTRACE - When execution has been stopped, for example with the STOP instruction, the caller history up to the point just
before it was stopped will be displayed
- A list of slot numbers and line numbers will be displayed
Format BACKTRACE
Examples BACKTRACE

Basic instructions (variables and arrays)
Instructions for handling definitions of variables or arrays, array operations, etc.
Assigns a value or expression to a variable
= - A simplified notation of the LET instruction used in conventional BASIC
- In this software, the LET instruction itself is omitted; only '=' should be used for assignment
Format =
A=10
Examples
A$="HELLO"

Declares arrays to use

- In this product, arrays must always be declared
DIM (1) - The subscript should begin with 0
- The number of elements must be enclosed in []. () is not allowed
- Either DIM or VAR can be used
Format DIM Array variable name[ Number of elements ] ,…
Array variable - Alphanumeric characters and underscores (_) are allowed
Arguments name[ Number of - Leading numerals are not allowed
elements ] - String variables are also allowed for the array variable
- Specify the number of array elements to provide, enclosed in []
Number of elements
- Up to four dimensions can be specified, with commas (,) to separate them
DIM ATR[4]
Examples DIM DX[5], DY[5], DZ[5]
DIM POS[10,5]
 Declares variables to use
DIM (2) - When OPTION STRICT is specified, each variable that will be used must be declared
- Usage where DIM is used for variable definition
Format DIM Variable name ,…
- Alphanumeric characters and underscores (_) are allowed
Arguments Variable name - Leading numerals are not allowed
- String variables can also be declared
Examples DIM A, ATRB, B$

Declares variables to use

VAR (1) When OPTION STRICT is specified, each variable that will be used must be declared
Format VAR Variable name ,…
- Alphanumeric characters and underscores (_) are allowed
Arguments Variable name - Leading numerals are not allowed
- String variables can also be declared
Examples VAR A, ATRB, B$

Declares arrays to use

- In this product, arrays must always be declared
VAR (2) - The subscript should begin with 0
- The number of elements must be enclosed in []. () is not allowed
- Either DIM or VAR can be used
Format VAR Array variable name[ Number of elements ] ,…
Array variable - Alphanumeric characters and underscores (_) are allowed
Arguments name[ Number of - Leading numerals are not allowed
elements ] - String variables are also allowed for the array variable
- Specify the number of array elements to provide, enclosed in []
Number of elements
- Up to four dimensions can be specified, with commas (,) to separate them
VAR ATR[4]
Examples VAR DX[5], DY[5], DZ[5]
VAR POS[10, 5]

Swaps the values of two variables

SWAP Replacing a character string with a numerical value, or vice versa, is not allowed
Format SWAP Variable 1, Variable 2
Arguments Variable 1 Variable to be replaced
Variable 2 Variable to be replaced with
Examples SWAP A,B

Increments the value of a variable by +1

INC If the Expression argument is specified, the value of the expression will be added
Format INC Variable [, Expression ]
Arguments Variable Name of variable to increment value of
Expression Value to add (If omitted, 1)
INC X
Examples
INC X,3

Decrements the value of a variable by -1

DEC If the Expression argument is specified, the value of the expression will be subtracted
Format DEC Variable [, Expression ]
Arguments Variable Name of variable to decrement value of
Expression Value to subtract (If omitted, 1)
DEC X
Examples
DEC X,3

Copies one array to another array

- For one-dimensional arrays only, if the number of elements in the copy destination is insufficient, the required
COPY (1) element(s) will be added automatically
- Both the copy source and destination ignore dimensions
COPY Copy destination array [,Copy destination offset],Copy source array [[,Copy source offset] , Number of copy
Format
elements]
Copy destination
Arguments Copy destination array (to be overwritten with the content of the copy source array)
array
Copy destination First element to be overwritten (If this is omitted, overwriting will start with the beginning
offset of the copy destination)
Copy source array Copy source array
First element to be overwritten (If this is omitted, copying will start with the beginning of
Copy source offset
the copy source)
Number of copy Number of elements to be overwritten (If this is omitted, up to the end of the copy source
elements will be copied)
DIM SRC[10],DST[10]
Examples
COPY DST,SRC

Reads a DATA sequence into an array

- The data elements enumerated in the DATA instruction will be read into the array
COPY (2) - For one-dimensional arrays only, if the number of elements in the copy destination is insufficient, the required
element(s) will be added automatically
Format COPY Copy destination array [,Copy destination offset], "@Label string" [,Number of copy data items]
Copy destination
Arguments Copy destination array (to be overwritten with the content of the DATA sequence)
array
Copy destination First element to be overwritten (If this is omitted, overwriting will start with the beginning
offset of the array)
"@Label string" Specify the @Label name string set to the DATA instruction to be read
- Number of data items to be read (If this is omitted, data items will be read according to
Number of copy the number of elements in the copy destination array)
data items - If the number of data items is smaller than the number of arrays in the copy destination, an
error will occur.
DIM DST[5]
COPY DST,"@SRC"
Examples
@SRC
DATA 5,1,1,2,4

SORT Sorts arrays in ascending order

Format SORT [Start position, Number of elements,] Array 1 [,Array 2 ,…]
Arguments Start position Position in Array 1 (0-) from which to start sorting
Number of elements Number of elements in Array 1 (1-) to sort
Array 1 Array with numerical values to sort
- Array to sort according to the result of sorting of Array 1
Array 2
- Array 1 to Array 8 can be enumerated
DIM WORK[10]
Examples
SORT 0, 10, WORK
 RSORT Sorts arrays in descending order
Format RSORT [Start position, Number of elements,] Array 1 [,Array 2 ,…]
Arguments Start position Position in Array 1 (0-) from which to start sorting
Number of elements Number of elements in Array 1 (1-) to sort
Array 1 Array with numerical values to sort
- Array to sort according to the result of sorting of Array 1
Array 2
- Array 1 to Array 8 can be enumerated
DIM WORK[10]
Examples
RSORT 0, 10, WORK

PUSH Adds an element to the end of an array (The number of elements will increase by 1)
Format PUSH Array, Expression
Arguments Array Array to which the element will be added
Expression Value of the element to add
DIM WORK[10]
Examples
PUSH WORK, 123

POP Removes an element from the end of an array (The number of elements will decrease by 1)
Format Variable=POP( Array )
Arguments Array Array from which the element will be removed
Return Values Value of the element that was removed
DIM WORK[10]
Examples PUSH WORK, 123
A=POP(WORK)

UNSHIFT Adds an element to the start of an array (The number of elements will increase by 1)
Format UNSHIFT Array, Expression
Arguments Array Array to which the element will be added
Expression Value of the element to add
DIM WORK[10]
Examples
UNSHIFT WORK, 123

SHIFT Removes an element from the start of an array (The number of elements will decrease by 1)
Format Variable=SHIFT( Array )
Arguments Array Array from which the element will be removed
DIM WORK[10]
Examples UNSHIFT WORK, 123
A=SHIFT(WORK)

Sets all the elements in an array to the specified value

FILL - Partial changes can also be made by specifying an offset and number of elements
- You can specify any type of array, including integer, real number, or string
Format FILL Array, Value [,Offset [,Number of elements]]
Arguments Array The array that you want to overwrite with a value
Value The desired number or string
Offset The position to begin writing the value from
Number of elements The number of elements to write the value into
DIM WORK[10]
Examples
FILL WORK,0

Basic instructions (control and branching)
Control instructions for comparison, branching, repeats, etc.
Name to indicate a program or data position
@ - It is not possible to specify the line number directly with GOTO or other instructions
- Branch destinations and data positions must be all specified using labels
Format @Label name
Arguments @Label name Alphanumerical or underscore (_) characters, prefixed with @
Examples @MAINLOOP

GOTO (1) Forces branching

Format GOTO @Label
- Jump target @Label name
- Label string, which is the Label name enclosed in "" (String variables are also allowed)
Arguments @Label
- A program SLOT can be specified in the following format: "1:@Label name"
- The target SLOT should be enabled beforehand with the USE instruction
GOTO @MAIN
Examples
JP$="@MAIN":GOTO JP$

GOSUB (1) Calls a sub-routine

Format GOSUB @Label
- @Label name of the sub-routine to call
- Label string, which is the Label name enclosed in "" (String variables are also allowed)
Arguments @Label
- A program SLOT can be specified in the following format: "1:@Label name"
- The target SLOT should be enabled beforehand with the USE instruction
Examples GOSUB @SUB

RETURN (1) Returns from a sub-routine to the caller

Format RETURN
Examples RETURN

Returns a value from a sub-routine while returning to the caller

RETURN (2) Used to return values in a DEF instruction defined as function type
Format RETURN
DEF CALC(A,B)
 RETURN A*B
Examples
END
PRINT CALC(2,3)

Instruction used when multiple outputs are required

OUT - Used to declare a DEF instruction that returns multiple values
- Also used in built-in instructions that return multiple values
Format OUT
DEF SUB A OUT D,M
 D=A DIV 10
 M=A MOD 10
Examples
END
SUB 34 OUT DV,ML
PRINT DV,ML
 Branches to a label line according to the control variable value
ON (1) - The branch number begins with 0, unlike in conventional BASIC
Format ON Control variable GOTO @Label 0, @Label 1…
Arguments @Label 0 Jump target to use when the control variable is 0
Jump target to use when the control variable is 1
  :
@Label 1
- Prepare the necessary number of branch destinations
- Label strings cannot be used in the ON to GOTO labels
ON IDX GOTO @JMP_A,@JMP_B
PRINT "OVER":END
@JMP_A
Examples
PRINT "IDX=0":END
@JMP_B
PRINT "IDX=1":END

Branches to a label line according to the control variable value

GOTO (2) - The branch number begins with 0, unlike in conventional BASIC
Format ON Control variable GOTO @Label 0, @Label 1…
Arguments @Label 0 Jump target to use when the control variable is 0
Jump target to use when the control variable is 1
  :
@Label 1
- Prepare the necessary number of branch destinations
- Label strings cannot be used in the ON to GOTO labels
ON IDX GOTO @JMP_A,@JMP_B
PRINT "OVER":END
@JMP_A
Examples
PRINT "IDX=0":END
@JMP_B
PRINT "IDX=1":END

Calls a sub-routine according to a control variable value

ON (2) - The branch number begins with 0, unlike in conventional BASIC
Format ON Control variable GOSUB @Label 0, @Label 1…
Arguments @Label 0 Sub-routine when the control variable is 0
Sub-routine when the control variable is 1
  :
@Label 1
- Prepare the necessary number of branch destinations
- Label strings cannot be used in the ON to GOSUB labels
ON IDX GOSUB @SUB_A,@SUB_B
PRINT "EXIT":END
@SUB_A
Examples
PRINT "IDX=0":RETURN
@SUB_B
PRINT "IDX=1":RETURN

Calls a sub-routine according to the control variable value

GOSUB (2) - The branch number begins with 0, unlike in conventional BASIC
Format ON Control variable GOSUB @Label 0, @Label 1…
Arguments @Label 0 Sub-routine when the control variable is 0
Sub-routine when the control variable is 1
  :
@Label 1
- Prepare the necessary number of branch destinations
- Label strings cannot be used in the ON to GOSUB labels
ON IDX GOSUB @SUB_A,@SUB_B
PRINT "EXIT":END
@SUB_A
Examples
PRINT "IDX=0":RETURN
@SUB_B
PRINT "IDX=1":RETURN

Executes Process 1 if the condition is satisfied, or Process 2 if the condition is not satisfied
IF (1) - GOTO can be omitted immediately after THEN or ELSE
- ENDIF should be used when the process spans multiple lines
IF Conditional expression THEN Process to execute when the condition is satisfied [ELSE Process to execute when
Format
the condition is not satisfied] [ENDIF]
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
Comparison > Greater than
Operators < Smaller than
>= Equal to or greater than
Conditional
<= Equal to or smaller than
Expressions
(Condition 1 AND Condition 2) Both of the conditions should be satisfied
Logical Operators
(Condition 1 && Condition 2) Both of the conditions should be satisfied
(for comparing
(Condition 1 OR Condition 2) Either one of the conditions should be satisfied
multiple
(Condition 1 || Condition 2) Either one of the conditions should be satisfied
conditions)
* The key for the "||" characters is located to the upper left of the "?" key on the keyboard.
IF A==1 THEN PRINT "OK"
IF A>1 THEN @JMP1 ELSE PRINT DATE$
IF A==1 THEN
 PRINT "Congratulations":BEEP 72
Examples ELSE
 PRINT "Bad luck"
ENDIF
@JMP1
END

Control destination if the IF condition is satisfied

THEN See Comment for IF for details regarding conditional evaluation
IF Conditional expression THEN Process to execute when the condition is satisfied [ELSE Process to execute when
Format
the condition is not satisfied] [ENDIF]
IF A==1 THEN PRINT "OK"
IF A<1 THEN @JMP1 'GOTO omitted
IF A==1 THEN
 PRINT "Congratulations":BEEP 72
Examples ELSE
 PRINT "Bad luck"
ENDIF
@JMP1
END
 Control destination if the IF condition is not satisfied
ELSE See Comment for IF for details regarding conditional evaluation
IF Conditional expression THEN Process to execute when the condition is satisfied ELSE Process to execute when the
Format
condition is not satisfied [ENDIF]
IF A==1 THEN PRINT "OK"
IF A<1 THEN @JMP1 ELSE PRINT DATE$
IF A==1 THEN
 PRINT "Congratulations":BEEP 72
Examples ELSE
 PRINT "Bad luck"
ENDIF
@JMP1
END

Additional conditional evaluation if the IF condition is not satisfied

ELSEIF - Used to evaluate another condition if the IF condition is not satisfied
- See Comment for IF for details regarding conditional evaluation
IF Conditional expression THEN Process to execute when the condition is satisfied ELSEIF Conditional expression
Format
THEN Process to execute when the condition is satisfied ENDIF
IF A==1 THEN
 PRINT "Congratulations":BEEP 0
ELSEIF A==2 THEN
 PRINT "Bad luck"
Examples
ELSE IF A==3 THEN
 PRINT "So-so"
ENDIF '--- Required when using ELSE IF
ENDIF

Ends if processing spans multiple lines after control switching with IF

ENDIF See Comment for IF for details regarding conditional evaluation
IF Conditional expression THEN Process to execute when the condition is satisfied ELSE Process to execute when the
Format
condition is not satisfied [ENDIF]
IF A==0 THEN
Examples  PRINT "A=0"
ENDIF

Branches to @Label if the condition is satisfied

IF (2) See Comment for IF for details regarding conditional evaluation
Format IF Conditional expression GOTO @Label [ELSE Process to execute when the condition is not satisfied]
- Label strings can also be used for the label
Notes when using a - Label strings are not allowed if GOTO immediately after ELSE is omitted
string for the × IF A==0 GOTO "@LABEL1" ELSE "@LABEL2"
label ○ IF A==0 GOTO "@LABEL1" ELSE @LABEL2
○ IF A==0 GOTO "@LABEL1" ELSE GOTO "@LABEL2"
IF A==1 GOTO @MAIN
IF X>0 GOTO @JMP1 ELSE PRINT A$
IF Y==5 GOTO @JMP1 ELSE @JMP2
@JMP1
Examples
PRINT "@JMP1"
@JMP2
PRINT "@JMP2"
END

Branches to @Label if the condition is satisfied

GOTO (3) - See Comment for IF for details regarding conditional evaluation
Format IF Conditional expression GOTO @Label [ELSE Process to execute when the condition is not satisfied]
- Label strings can also be used for the label
Notes when using a - Label strings are not allowed if GOTO immediately after ELSE is omitted
string for the × IF A==0 GOTO "@LABEL1" ELSE "@LABEL2"
label ○ IF A==0 GOTO "@LABEL1" ELSE @LABEL2
○ IF A==0 GOTO "@LABEL1" ELSE GOTO "@LABEL2"
IF A==1 GOTO @MAIN
IF X>0 GOTO @JMP1 ELSE PRINT A$
IF Y==5 GOTO @JMP1 ELSE @JMP2
@JMP1
Examples
PRINT "@JMP1"
@JMP2
PRINT "@JMP2"
END

Repeats the process for the specified number of times

FOR - The NEXT instruction should be placed at the end of the process
- If the condition is not satisfied, the process may not be executed at all
Format FOR Loop variable=Initial value TO End value [STEP Increment]
Arguments Loop variable Variable for loop count (On each iteration of the loop, the increment is added to the count)
Initial value Value or expression for the loop variable at the start of the loop
TO End value Value or expression for the loop variable at the end of the loop
- Increment added to the loop variable at the end of the loop (If omitted, 1)
STEP Increment - If the increment is specified as a fractional value, the intended loop count may not be
achieved due to operational errors.
FOR I=0 TO 9 STEP 2
Examples  PRINT I;",";
NEXT

Specifies the loop count end value

TO - See Comment for the FOR instruction for details regarding FOR to NEXT
Format TO End value
FOR I=0 TO 9 STEP 2
Examples  PRINT I;",";
NEXT

Specifies the increment value for a FOR loop count

STEP - See Comment for the FOR instruction for details regarding FOR to NEXT
Format STEP Increment
FOR I=0 TO 9 STEP 2
Examples  PRINT I;",";
NEXT
 Instruction that indicates the end of a FOR loop
- See Comment for the FOR instruction for details regarding FOR to NEXT
NEXT - Using NEXT with IF in a FOR loop is not recommended
- Use CONTINUE to exit the loop before the end
Format NEXT [ Control variable ]
- Even if a control variable is specified, it will be ignored and the instruction will work in
Arguments Control variable the same way as NEXT on its own
- Specifications such as NEXT J,I are not allowed
FOR I=0 TO 9 STEP 2
Examples  PRINT I;",";
NEXT

Repeats the process up to WEND while the condition is satisfied

WHILE - Exits the loop if the condition is not satisfied or when the BREAK instruction is executed
Format WHILE Conditional expression
The same conditional expressions as in IF statements can be specified
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
Comparison > Greater than
Operators < Smaller than
Conditional >= Equal to or greater than
Expressions <= Equal to or smaller than
(Condition 1 AND Condition 2) Both of the two conditions must be satisfied
Logical operators
(Condition 1 && Condition 2) Both of the two conditions must be satisfied
(for comparison
(Condition 1 OR Condition 2) Either of the two conditions must be satisfied
with multiple
(Condition 1 || Condition 2) Either of the two conditions must be satisfied
conditions)
* The key "||" can be found to the upper left of ? on your keyboard.
A=0:B=4
WHILE A<B
Examples
 A=A+1
WEND

WEND Instruction that indicates the end of a WHILE loop

Format WEND
A=0:B=4
WHILE A<B
Examples
 A=A+1
WEND

Instruction for starting a REPEAT loop

- The UNTIL instruction and a conditional expression should be placed at the end of the loop
REPEAT - Unlike the WHILE instruction, this executes the process before determining the condition
- Exits the loop when the condition is satisfied or when the BREAK instruction is executed
Format REPEAT
A=0:B=4
REPEAT
Examples
 A=A+1
UNTIL A>B

Repeats the process from REPEAT until the conditional expression is satisfied
- The REPEAT instruction should be placed at the beginning of the loop
UNTIL - Unlike the WHILE instruction, this executes the process before determining the condition
- Exits the loop if the condition is satisfied or when the BREAK instruction is executed
Format UNTIL conditional expression
The same conditional expressions as in IF statements can be specified
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
Comparison > Greater than
Operators < Smaller than
Conditional >= Equal to or greater than
Expressions <= Equal to or smaller than
(Condition 1 AND Condition 2) Both of the two conditions must be satisfied
Logical operators
(Condition 1 && Condition 2) Both of the two conditions must be satisfied
(for comparison
(Condition 1 OR Condition 2) Either of the two conditions must be satisfied
with multiple
(Condition 1 || Condition 2) Either of the two conditions must be satisfied
conditions)
* The key for "||" can be found on the upper left of ? on your keyboard.
A=0:B=4
REPEAT
Examples
 A=A+1
UNTIL A<B

Forces a loop to proceed

CONTINUE - Used in FOR ... NEXT, WHILE ... WEND, REPEAT ... UNTIL
Format CONTINUE
FOR I=0 TO 9
 IF I==1 THEN CONTINUE
Examples  IF I==7 THEN BREAK
 PRINT I;",";
NEXT

Forces a loop to end

BREAK - Used in FOR ... NEXT, WHILE ... WEND, REPEAT ... UNTIL
Format BREAK
FOR I=0 TO 9
 IF I==1 THEN CONTINUE
Examples  IF I==7 THEN BREAK
 PRINT I;",";
NEXT

END (1) Exits the program

Format END
Examples END

END (2) Exits a DEF definition for a user function or user instruction.
Format END
DEF FUNC
Examples  PRINT "FUNC"
END

Suspends a running program

STOP - The program SLOT:line number of the suspended program will be displayed
- The program can be resumed with the CONT instruction (However, resuming is not available in certain situations)
Format STOP
Examples STOP

Basic instructions (advanced control)
Instructions for user-defined functions, control of add-ons, etc.
About DEF user-defined instructions
1) USER (No arguments; no return values)
2) A=USER(X) (With argument; single return value)
DEF (1) 3) USER(X) OUT A,B (With argument; multiple return values)

Using DEF allows you to define unique instructions as shown above

- The definition range should be from DEF to END
- Variables and labels defined in the DEF to END range are handled as local
Common Supplement - GOTO outside the DEF to END range is impossible
for DEF - GOSUB or ON GOSUB in the DEF to END range cannot be used
They can be used if a SLOT is specified, as in GOSUB "0:@SUB"
- They can be used from a different SLOT by adding the COMMON instruction
- For arguments received with DEF, types will not be checked strictly
Specifications for - Variable names to be received can be specified as necessary by separating them with commas
DEF DEF arguments (,)
- For string variables, it is also possible to attach $ to the end of a variable name
- For DEF return values, types will not be checked strictly
- The type will be determined according to the value written at the beginning of the output
variables
Specifications for
- When an integer is assigned to a numerical variable, it is handled as integer type
DEF return values
- To handle a value as real type, it should be written as in A=100.0
- If the type of a return value from DEF is different from the type expected by the recipient,
an error will occur

DEF (2) Defines a user instruction with no return values and no arguments
Format DEF definition name
Arguments None
Return Values None
'--- Text display
DEF FUNC
PRINT "SAMPLE"
Examples
END
'--- Call
FUNC

DEF (3) Defines a user function with a single return value

Format DEF Function name([Argument [,Argument…])
Arguments Specify variable names as necessary if there is an argument or arguments to be passed to the function
Value to return as a result should be specified after the RETURN instruction
Return Values
* Notation such as RETURN ANS
'---Addition
DEF ADD(X,Y)
RETURN X+Y
END
'--- Factorial calculation using recursion
DEF FACTORIAL(N)
IF N==1 THEN RETURN N
RETURN N*FACTORIAL(N-1)
END
'--- Character string inversion
DEF REVERSE$(T$)
Examples VAR A$="" 'Local character string
VAR L=LEN(T$) 'Local
WHILE L>0
 A$=A$+MID$(T$,L-1,1)
 DEC L
WEND
RETURN A$
END
'--- Call
PRINT ADD(10,5)
PRINT FACTORIAL(4)
PRINT REVERSE$("BASIC")

DEF (4) Defines a user instruction with multiple return values

Format DEF Instruction name [Argument [,Argument…]] [OUT V1 [,V2…]]
Arguments Specify variable names as necessary if there is an argument or arguments to be passed to the function
Return Values Variable names to be returned as a result should be specified as necessary after OUT
'--- Addition and multiplication
DEF CALCPM A,B OUT OP,OM
OP=A+B
OM=A*B
Examples
END
'--- Call
CALCPM 5,10 OUT P,M
PRINT P,M

1) COMMON DEF USER

2) COMMON DEF USER(X)
3) COMMON DEF USER(X) OUT A,B
COMMON
COMMON can be used when a unique instruction is used from a different SLOT
USE is required if a program is used between different SLOTs
Examples COMMON DEF FOO(X, Y, Z)

CALL (1) Calls the user-defined instruction with the specified name
Format CALL "Instruction name" [,Argument…] [OUT Variable 1 [,Variable 2…]]
- User-defined instruction name string to call
Arguments Instruction name
- Being a string, it should either be enclosed in "" or specified using a string variable.
Arguments- Any arguments required for the specified instruction
Return Values Variable names to return as a result should be specified as necessary after OUT
CALL "USERCD",X,Y OUT A,B
'
Examples DEF USERCD X,Y OUT A,B
A=X+Y:B=X*Y
END
 CALL (2) Calls the user-defined function with the specified name
Format Variable=CALL("Function name" [,Argument…])
- User-defined function name string to call
Arguments Function name
- Being a string, it should either be enclosed in "" or specified using a string variable.
Arguments Any arguments required for the specified function should be enumerated
A=CALL("USERFC",X,Y)
'
Examples DEF USERFC(X,Y)
RETURN X*Y
END

Calls a sprite callback

CALL (3) Processes which have been specified for each sprite using SPFUNC are called together
Format CALL SPRITE
Examples CALL SPRITE

Calls a BG callback
CALL (4) Processes which have been specified for each sprite using SPFUNC are called together
Format CALL BG
Examples CALL BG

Declares the use of a special feature

- These features are not available unless their use is declared beforehand
XON - When XON EXPAD is successful, RESULT will be returned as TRUE.
- If the system is already in the XON state, this command will not display a dialog
Format XON Name of feature to use
MOTION: Motion sensor, gyro sensor
Name of feature to
Arguments EXPAD: Circle Pad Pro
use
MIC: Microphone
Examples XON MOTION

XOFF Stops using a special feature declared with XON

Format XOFF Name of the feature to stop
MOTION: Motion sensor, gyro sensor
Name of feature to
Arguments EXPAD: Circle Pad Pro
stop
MIC: Microphone
Examples XOFF MOTION

Basic instructions (data operations and others)
Instructions for reading data, vertical synchronization, comments, etc.
Reads the information enumerated with the DATA instruction into the variables
READ Information should be read in the same type as that enumerated with the DATA instruction
Format READ Acquisition variable 1 [, Acquisition variable 2…]
- Variables to store read information (Multiple variables can be specified)
Acquisition
Arguments - DATA in and after the line specified with the RESTORE instruction will be acquired
variables
- If RESTORE is omitted, acquisition will begin with the first occurrence of DATA
READ X,Y,Z,G$
Examples DATA 200,120,0,"JAN"
DATA 210,120,0,"FEB"

Defines data to read with READ

- Numerical values and character strings can be mixed
- Expressions containing only numerical constants are handled as constants, and so can be written in DATA
DATA statements
- Constants starting with # are also allowed
- Expressions where &&, ||, variables, and functions are mixed are not allowed
- Character string expressions are not allowed
Format DATA Data [, Data…]
- List numerical values and character strings, separating each one with ','
Notation of Data
- Character strings must be enclosed in double quotations ("") ("" cannot be omitted)
READ X,Y,Z,ST$ 'Comments can be written
Examples
DATA 123,345,56,"SAMPLE"

RESTORE Specifies the first DATA to read with the READ instruction
Format RESTORE @Label
- @Label name given to the beginning of the DATA instruction to be read
- A string variable to which a @Label name is assigned can also be specified
Arguments @Label - It is also possible to reference a label from a different SLOT by using the format RESTORE
"1:@Label name"
- The target SLOT should be enabled beforehand with USE, e.g., USE 1
RESTORE @DATATOP
Examples @DATATOP
DATA 123,345,56,"SAMPLE"

OPTION Sets the operating mode of the program

Format OPTION Feature name
STRICT: Variable declaration is required (A reference without declaration will give an error)
Arguments Feature name
DEFINT: Causes the default variable type to be Integer
Examples OPTION STRICT

WAIT Stops the program until the specified number of vertically synchronized frames has been reached
Format WAIT [Number of frames]
Specify the number of frames to wait, starting from the present point (0: Ignore; if omitted,
Arguments Number of frames
1 is assumed)
Examples WAIT 60

Stops the program until the specified number of vertically synchronized frames has been reached
VSYNC Unlike WAIT, the VSYNC count starts from the last VSYNC
Format VSYNC [Number of frames]
Specify the number of frames to wait, starting from the last VSYNC (0: Ignore; if omitted, 1
Arguments Number of frames
is assumed)
Examples VSYNC 1

Symbols for writing comments

' - Comments do not affect program execution
Format ' [String]
Examples ' ---MAIN ROUTINE---

Instructions for writing comments

REM - Comments do not affect program execution
Format REM [Character string]
Examples REM ---MAIN ROUTINE---
KEY Assigns an arbitrary character string to a function key
Format KEY Number,"Character string"
Arguments Number Number of the function key (1-5)
- Character string to assign
Character string
- If the whole string cannot be displayed, '…' will be displayed at the end
Examples KEY 1,"CLS"+CHR$(13)

TMREAD Converts a time string to numerical values

Format TMREAD ["Time string"] OUT H,M,S
Arguments Time string Time string in "HH:MM:SS" format (if omitted, the current time)
H: Variable to receive the hours (0-23)
Variables to store
Return Values M: Variable to receive the minutes
numerical values
S: Variable to receive the seconds
Examples TMREAD "12:59:31" OUT H,M,S

DTREAD Converts a date string to numerical values

Format DTREAD ["Date string"] OUT Y,M,D [,W]
Arguments Date string Date string in "YYYY/MM/DD" format (if omitted, the current date and time)
Y: Variable to receive the year
Variables to store M: Variable to receive the month
Return Values
numerical values D: Variable to receive the day
W: Variable to receive the day of the week (numerical value: 0 for Sunday)
Examples DTREAD "2014/10/12" OUT Y,M,D

CHKLABEL Checks if there is a label that can be referenced with the specified string
Format Variable = CHKLABEL("@Label string"[,Flag])
- It is also possible to check a different SLOT by using CHKLABEL "1:@Label name"
Arguments @Label string
- The target SLOT should be enabled beforehand with USE, e.g., USE 1
0= Searches only within DEF (if omitted, 0)
Flag
1= If not found within DEF, searches for global labels
Return Values FALSE= Does not exist, TRUE= Exists
Examples A=CHKLABEL("@MAIN")

CHKCALL Checks if there is an instruction or function that can be referenced with the specified string
Format Variable = CHKCALL("Character string")
Arguments Character string Character string of the instruction or function to check
Return Values FALSE= Does not exist, TRUE= Exists
Examples A=CHKCALL("KEYCHECK")

CHKVAR Checks if there is a variable that can be referenced with the specified string
Format Variable = CHKVAR("Character string")
Arguments Character string Character string of the variable to check
Return Values FALSE= Does not exist, TRUE= Exists
Examples A=CHKVAR("COUNTX")

Displays a dialog and waits for a button to be pressed

DIALOG (1) - The result is returned with the system variable RESULT
- RESULT: 1 (Confirmed), -1 (Canceled), 0 (Time out)
Format DIALOG "Text string"
Arguments Text string Character string to display in the dialog
- Dialog are always displayed on the Touch Screen
Supplement (common
- The total length of the text string and caption string should be 256 characters or less
for DIALOG
- If CHR$(10) or CHR$(13) is included in the text string, a line break will occur at that point
instructions)
- If a negative value is set for the Timeout period, texts are handled in frame units
Examples DIALOG "Good morning!"

DIALOG (2) Displays a dialog and waits for a button to be pressed

Format DIALOG "Text string",[Selection type],["Caption string"],[Timeout period]
Arguments Text string Character string to display in the dialog
0: OK (default)
Selection type
5: Next
Caption string Character string to display in the caption field at the top of the dialog
Timeout period Number of seconds to wait before closing the dialog automatically (If omitted, 0: Not closed)
- Dialog are always displayed on the Touch Screen
Supplement (common
- The total length of the text string and caption string should be 256 characters or less
for DIALOG
- If CHR$(10) or CHR$(13) is included in the text string, a line break will occur at that point
instructions)
- If a negative value is set for the Timeout period, texts are handled in frame units
Examples DIALOG "Let's get started",5,"Scenario",-120

DIALOG (3) Displays a dialog and waits for the specified button to be pressed
Format Variable = DIALOG("Text string",[Selection type],["Caption string"],[Timeout period])
Arguments Text string Character string to display in the dialog
0: OK (default)
1: No/Yes
2: Back/Next
Selection type
3: Cancel/Confirm
4: Cancel/Execute
5: Next
Caption string Character string to display in the caption field at the top of the dialog
Timeout period Number of seconds to wait before closing the dialog automatically (If omitted, 0: Not closed)
-1: Negation (Left button)
0: Timeout
Return Values
1: Affirmation (Right button)
* These values will also remain in the system variable RESULT.
- Dialog are always displayed on the Touch Screen
Supplement (common
- The total length of the text string and caption string should be 256 characters or less
for DIALOG
- If CHR$(10) or CHR$(13) is included in the text string, a line break will occur at that point
instructions)
- If a negative value is set for the Timeout period, texts are handled in frame units
Examples R=DIALOG("Would you like to try again?" ,1," ",0)
 DIALOG (4) Displays a dialog and waits for the Touch Screen or a hardware button to be pressed
Format Variable = DIALOG("Text string",Button type,["Caption string"],[Timeout period])
Arguments Text string Character string to display in the dialog
|b00| ABXY buttons (1)
|b01| +Control Pad (2)
|b02| L,R buttons (4)
|b03| Touch Screen (8)
Button type
- Specify a value for which the logical OR is calculated with the above bit value and the sign
is reversed
- ZL and ZR buttons cannot be detected
- -1 causes only ABXY to be specified
- For example, to detect ABXY and +Control Pad, -3 should be specified
Caption string Character string to display in the caption field at the top of the dialog
Timeout period Number of seconds to wait before closing the dialog automatically (if omitted, 0: Not closed)
128: A button pressed
129: B button pressed
130: X button pressed
131: Y button pressed
132: +Control Pad up pressed
Return Values 133: +Control Pad down pressed
134: +Control Pad left pressed
135: +Control Pad right pressed
136: L button pressed
137: R button pressed
140: Touch Screen pressed
Examples R=DIALOG("ABXYLR/+Control Pad/Touch",-15,"Special",0)

DIALOG (5) Displays a dialog used only for inputting file names
Format String=DIALOG( "Initial string", "Caption string" [,Maximum characters])
Initial string String that is initially input
Arguments Caption string String to be displayed in the caption field
Maximum characters Up to 14 characters
The obtained character string will be returned
Return Values
* If RESULT=-1, Canceled (the character string is invalid)
- Dialog are always displayed on the Touch Screen
Supplement (common
- The total length of the text string and caption string should be 256 characters or less
for DIALOG
- If CHR$(10) or CHR$(13) is included in the text string, a line break will occur at that point
instructions)
- If a negative value is set for the Timeout period, texts are handled in frame units
Examples T$=DIALOG( "NEWNAME0","SAVE", 14 )

Displaying special characters in DIALOG

DIALOG (6) To use special character and symbols, pass the character code in the UTF-16 format to CHR$
* For details on the UTF-16 format, please refer to a technical book or similar resource.
- Dialog are always displayed on the Touch Screen
Supplement (common
- The total length of the text string and caption string should be 256 characters or less
for DIALOG
- If CHR$(10) or CHR$(13) is included in the text string, a line break will occur at that point
instructions)
- If a negative value is set for the Timeout period, texts are handled in frame units
'
Examples to T$=" "+CHR$(&H4E00)+CHR$(&H5EA6)+" "
display Japanese '
Kanji characters C$=CHR$(&H78BA)+CHR$(&H8A8D)
R=DIALOG(T$,1,C$,0)

Console input/output
Instructions related to display of characters, input of strings on the screen, etc.

CLS Clears the console screen (the screen specified with the DISPLAY instruction)
Format CLS
DISPLAY 0
Examples
CLS

Specifies the display colors for the console screen

COLOR Constants for text colors are available (#TBLACK to #TWHITE)
Format COLOR Drawing color [,Background color]
0: Transparent color
1: Black, #TBLACK
2: Dark red, #TMAROON
3: Red, #TRED
4: Dark green, #TGREEN
5: Green, #TLIME
6: Dark yellow, #TOLIVE
7: Yellow, #TYELLOW
Arguments Drawing color
8: Dark blue, #TNAVY
9: Blue, #TBLUE
10: Dark magenta, #TPURPLE
11: Magenta, #TMAGENTA
12: Dark cyan, #TTEAL
13: Cyan, #TCYAN
14: Gray, #TGRAY
15: White, #TWHITE
- Background color number for each character (0-15: See the drawing colors)
Background color
- If only the background color needs to be changed, the drawing color can be omitted
COLOR 7,4
Examples COLOR #TWHITE
COLOR ,0

LOCATE Specifies the character display location on the console screen

Format LOCATE [X-coordinate],[Y-coordinate] [,Z-coordinate]
- Coordinates of each character (X:0-49,Y:0-29)
Arguments X-,Y-coordinates
- If the X- and Y-coordinates are omitted, the previous coordinates for each will be kept
- Coordinate in the depth direction (Rear:1024<Screen surface:0<Front:-256)
Z-coordinate
- If omitted, the previous Z-coordinate will be kept
LOCATE 20,15
Examples
LOCATE 0,0,-200
 Displays characters on the console screen
PRINT - Omitting expressions causes only a line break to occur
- ? can be used instead of PRINT
Format PRINT [Expression [; or, Expression…]]
- Variables, string variables, numerical values, or character strings to display
Arguments Expression - Formulas are also allowed, including the four arithmetic operations, and functional
calculations (The calculation results will be displayed)
Without beginning a new line after the previous display item, displays the next display item
; (semicolon)
without any space
- Without beginning a new line after the previous display item, places a set interval before
, (comma) the next display item
- The display location is determined according to a system variable (the TABSTEP unit)
Examples PRINT "RESULT(X,Y)=";DX*4+1,DY+1

Sets the rotation/inversion attributes of the characters to display on the console screen
ATTR Constants for text attributes are available (#TROT0-270, #TREVH,V)
Format ATTR Display attribute
|b00| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (specified by using two bits: b00 and b01)
|b01| ↓#TROT0, #TROT90, #TROT180, #TROT270
Arguments Display attribute
|b02| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #TREVH
|b03| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #TREVV
Examples ATTR 3:PRINT "ABC"

Adjusts the display location of the whole console screen

SCROLL - Can give the impression of a moving view point (characters will move in the opposite direction)
- Characters pushed out of the screen will disappear
Format SCROLL Number of characters X, Number of characters Y
Number of Amount of horizontal view point movement (Negative values indicate leftward movement, positive
Arguments
characters X values rightward movement)
Number of Amount of vertical view point movement (Negative values indicate upward movement, positive
characters Y values downward movement)
Examples SCROLL 5,7

CHKCHR Checks the character code of a character on the console screen

Format Variable = CHKCHR( X-coordinate,Y-coordinate )
Arguments X-,Y-coordinates Coordinates in character units (X:0-49,Y:0-29)
Return Values UTF-16 character code
Examples CODE=CHKCHR(0,0)

Inputs numerical values or character strings from the keyboard

INPUT - Waits for input until the ENTER key is input
- If the number of input items is insufficient, "?Redo from start" will be displayed for re-input
Format INPUT ["Guiding text string";] Variable[,Variable 2…]
- Guidance message for input (Optional)
Guiding text - If , (comma) is used instead of ; after the guiding text string, a ? mark will not be
Arguments
string displayed
- Only when ; is used, a string variable can be used for the guiding text string
- Variables to receive the input (numerical values or string variables)
Variables
- When specifying multiple variables, they should be delimited with commas (,)
Examples INPUT "Your name and age";NM$,AG

Gets a character string input from the keyboard

LINPUT - Also accepts "," and other characters that the INPUT instruction does not allow
- Waits for input until the ENTER key is input
Format LINPUT ["Guiding text string";] String variable
Guiding text
Arguments Guidance message for input (Optional)
string
String variable String variable to receive a single line input
Examples LINPUT "ADDRESS:";ADR$

INKEY$ Gets a character input from the keyboard (without waiting for input)
Format String variable=INKEY$()
Arguments None
- A character (UTF-16) from the keyboard
Return Values
- If there is no input, "" will be returned
Examples C$=INKEY$()

FONTDEF (1) Defines a font for the specified character code

Format FONTDEF Character code, "Font definition string"
Arguments Character code Character code (UTF-16) for which to define a font
- One pixel corresponds to a 16-bit color code in the RGBA=5551 format
- 5 bits for each RGB color (0-31) + alpha channel 1 bit (0: Transparent, 1: Opaque)
Font definition - A color element should be handled as a 4-digit hexadecimal string
string - Example) White: FFFF, Black: 0001, Red: F801
- As one character occupies 8x8=64 pixels, its font definition string should consist of a
total of 256 characters
See Also Font images can be manipulated with GCOPY, GSAVE, or GLOAD page number -1
F$="FFFF":Z$="0000"
D$=F$*7+Z$
D$=D$+F$*2+Z$*3+F$*2+Z$
D$=D$+F$+Z$+F$*3+Z$+F$+Z$
D$=D$+F$+Z$*5+F$+Z$
Examples
D$=D$+F$+Z$+F$*3+Z$+F$+Z$
D$=D$+F$+Z$+F$*3+Z$+F$+Z$
D$=D$+F$*7+Z$
D$=D$+Z$*8
FONTDEF ASC("A"),D$
 FONTDEF (2) Defines a font for the specified character code
Format FONTDEF Character code, Numerical value array
Arguments Character code Character code (UTF-16) for which to define a font
- A numerical value array with an element for each pixel should be prepared (8x8 pixels for
one character = 64 elements)
Font definition
- One pixel corresponds to a 16-bit color code in the RGBA=5551 format
array
- 5 bits for each RGB color (0-31) + alpha channel 1 bit (0: Transparent, 1: Opaque)
- Example) White: &HFFFF, Black: &H0001, Red: &HF801
See Also Font images can be manipulated with GCOPY, GSAVE, or GLOAD page number -1
DIM F%[64]
DATA "11111110"
DATA "11000110"
DATA "10111010"
DATA "10000010"
DATA "10111010"
DATA "10111010"
DATA "11111110"
DATA "00000000"
TOP=ASC("A"):CNT=1
Examples
FOR I=0 TO CNT-1
 FOR D=0 TO 7
  READ F$
  FOR B=0 TO 7
   C=0:IF MID$(F$,B,1)=="1" THEN C=&HFFFF
   F%[D*8+B]=C
  NEXT
 NEXT
 FONTDEF TOP+I,F%
NEXT

FONTDEF (3) Resets the font definition to its initial state

Format FONTDEF
Examples FONTDEF

Changes the console character sizes

WIDTH - Only enlarges the characters, does not display a smooth zoomed-in view
- This is an auxiliary function for people who have trouble viewing small characters
Format WIDTH Font size
8: 8x8 pixels (Standard)
Arguments Font size
16: 16x16 pixels (Twice as large as the normal horizontal and vertical display)
WIDTH 16
Examples
A=WIDTH()

Various kinds of input
Instructions for retrieving information from buttons, sticks, touch sensors, and microphones
Gets the status of hardware buttons
BUTTON Constants for buttons are available for return values
Format Variable=BUTTON( [Feature ID [,Terminal ID]] )
0: Held down
1: Moment pressed (with the repeat feature enabled)
Arguments Feature ID
2: Moment pressed (with the repeat feature disabled)
3: Moment released
Terminal ID (0-3) This should be specified to get information from another terminal via wireless communication
|b00| +Control Pad up (1), #UP
|b01| +Control Pad down (2), #DOWN
|b02| +Control Pad left (4), #LEFT
|b03| +Control Pad right (8), #RIGHT
|b04| A button (16), #A
|b05| B button (32), #B
|b06| X button (64), #X
|b07| Y button (128), #Y
Return Values |b08| L button (256), #L
|b09| R button (512), #R
|b10| Not used
|b11| ZR button (2048), #ZL
|b12| ZL button (4096), #ZR

- The buttons correspond to b0-b12 (If a button is pressed, its corresponding bit = 1)
- Contents in () next to button names are decimal numerals
- ZR and ZL buttons are available only when Circle Pad Pro is used
B=BUTTON()
Examples
B=BUTTON( 0,3 )

Sets the key repeat feature

- Omitting Start time and Interval will turn off repeat
BREPEAT - Management numbers differ from the bit values that correspond to each button in BUTTON
- ZR and ZL buttons are available only when Circle Pad Pro is used
Format BREPEAT Button ID, Start time, Interval
0: +Control Pad up ID
1: +Control Pad down ID
2: +Control Pad left ID
3: +Control Pad right ID
4: A button ID
5: B button ID
Arguments Button ID 6: X button ID
7: Y button ID
8: L button ID
9: R button ID
10: Not used
11: ZR button ID
12: ZL button ID
Start time Time from when a key is pressed first to when repeat begins (in units of 1/60th of a second)
Interval Repeat interval after repeat begins (in units of 1/60th of a second, 0 = Repeat OFF)
Examples BREPEAT 0,15,4

STICK Gets information on the Circle Pad

Format STICK [Terminal ID] OUT X,Y
This should be specified when information is obtained from another terminal via wireless
Arguments Terminal ID (0-3)
communication
- Variables to receive Circle Pad input magnitude ( X:±1.0, Y:±1.0 )
Return Values X,Y - Actual return values will be around ±0.86
- For Y values, ↑ corresponds to positive and ↓ to negative
STICK OUT X,Y
Examples
STICK 3 OUT X,Y
 Gets information on the Circle Pad Pro stick
STICKEX Circle Pad Pro should be enabled beforehand with XON EXPAD
Format STICKEX [Terminal ID] OUT X,Y
This should be specified when information from another terminal is to be obtained via wireless
Arguments Terminal ID (0-3)
communication
Return Values X,Y Variables to receive Circle Pad Pro input magnitude ( X:±1.0, Y:±1.0 )
XON EXPAD
Examples
STICKEX OUT X,Y

Gets information on acceleration

- The motion sensor should be enabled beforehand with XON MOTION
ACCEL - Note that this instruction will continue to detect 1G acceleration in the gravity direction
- This is useful when operation is performed while tilting
Format ACCEL OUT X,Y,Z
Arguments None
Return Values X,Y,Z Variables to receive acceleration (Unit: G)
XON MOTION
Examples
ACCEL OUT X,Y,Z

Gets information on the angular velocity of the gyro sensor

GYROV Motion sensor(s) should be enabled beforehand with XON MOTION
Format GYROV OUT P,R,Y
Arguments None
P Variable to receive Pitch (angular velocity of the X-coordinate) (Unit: radians/second)
Return Values R Variable to receive Roll (angular velocity of the Y-coordinate) (Unit: radians/second)
Y Variable to receive Yaw (angular velocity of the Z-coordinate) (Unit: radians/second)
XON MOTION
Examples
GYROV OUT P,R,Y

Gets information on the angle of the gyro sensor

GYROA Motion sensor(s) should be enabled beforehand with XON MOTION
Format GYROA OUT P,R,Y
Arguments None
P Variable to receive Pitch (angle of the X-coordinate) (Unit: radian)
Return Values R Variable to receive Roll (angle of the Y-coordinate) (Unit: radian)
Y Variable to receive Yaw (angle of the Z-coordinate) (Unit: radian)
XON MOTION
Examples
GYROA OUT P,R,Y

Updates gyro information

- Error accumulation may occur if gyro information is repeatedly retrieved
GYROSYNC - This instruction should be called to reset information appropriately
- However, calling this instruction at an interval of 1 frame or less is prohibited
Format GYROSYNC
Examples GYROSYNC

Gets touch information

TOUCH The 5 pixels around the edge of the screen cannot be read
Format TOUCH [Terminal ID] OUT STTM,TX,TY
This should be specified when information from another terminal is to be obtained via wireless
Arguments Terminal ID (0-3)
communication
STTM Variable to receive the time when the screen is touched (0 = No touch)
Return Values - Variables to receive the touch coordinates (TX: 5-314, TY: 5-234)
TX,TY
- Note that returned values are not in the same range as the size of the Touch Screen
Examples TOUCH OUT TM,TX,TY

Starts sampling from the microphone

MICSTART - The microphone should be enabled beforehand with XON MIC
- Recorded into memory used for sampling in the system
Format MICSTART Sampling rate, Number of bits, Number of seconds
0: 8180Hz
1: 10910Hz
Arguments Sampling rate
2: 16360Hz
3: 32730Hz
0: 8 bits
Number of bits
1: 16 bits
0: Loop mode
1-: Number of seconds for sampling
- 8180Hz: Up to 32 sec for 8 bits, 16 sec for 16 bits
- 10910Hz: Up to 24 sec for 8 bits, 12 sec for 16 bits
Number of seconds
- 16360Hz: Up to 16 sec for 8 bits, 8 sec for 16 bits
- 32730Hz: Up to 8 sec for 8 bits, 4 sec for 16 bits
- In loop mode, data will be overwritten from the beginning once the maximum number of seconds
has been reached
XON MIC
Examples
MICSTART 0,1,10

MICSTOP Stops sampling from the microphone

Format MICSTOP
Examples MICSTOP

Gets data from the microphone

MICDATA This returns sampling data from the specified position
Format Variable=MICDATA( Acquisition position )
- 0- (The range is determined according to the number of bits and the maximum number of
Acquisition
Arguments seconds)
position
- In loop mode, the range will not be checked
- For 8 bits, return values are 128-basis
Return Values Waveform data
- For 16 bits, return values are 32768-basis
Examples D=MICDATA(100)

MICSAVE Copies data from the internal sampling memory to an array

Format MICSAVE [[Acquisition position,] Number of samples to get,] Array name
Acquisition
Arguments Position to start capturing from (0-)
position
- Number of samples to capture (If omitted, the whole sampling buffer)
Number of samples - Any value greater than the product of the sampling rate and the number of seconds specified
with MICSTART will give an error
- Array to store the captured sampling data
Array name - For one-dimensional arrays, if the number of samples exceeds the number of elements, the
array will be extended automatically
MICSTART 0,0,1 'rate:8180 bit:8 length:1sec
Examples DIM WAVE%[8180] 'MICSIZE
MICSAVE 0,8180,WAVE%
Files
Instructions for retrieving file lists, reading from/writing to files, etc.

FILES (1) Displays a file list on the console

Format FILES ["File type"]
To display only a certain type of file, specify the following:
"TXT:" Texts and programs
Arguments File type "DAT:" Binary data (including graphics)
"//" Project list
"PROJECT/" Project name should be specified
Examples FILES

FILES (2) Gets a file list and stores it in an array

Format FILES ["File type",] String array
To display only a certain type of file, specify the following:
"TXT:" Texts and programs
Arguments File type "DAT:" Binary data (including graphics)
"//" Project list
"PROJECT/" Project name should be specified
String array to store the listed file names
String array - For one-dimensional arrays, the array will be automatically extended according to the number
of files obtained
DIM NAMETBL$[100]
Examples
FILES NAMETBL$

Loads a file
LOAD (1) - A confirmation dialog will be displayed
- It is impossible to load a program into the same program SLOT as a running program
Format LOAD "[Resource name:]File name"[,Dialog display flag]
If omitted: Current program SLOT
PRG0-PRG3: Program SLOT (PRG = PRG0)
Arguments Resource name:
GRP0-GRP5: Graphic page
GRPF: Font image page
File name Name of file to load
Dialog display
FALSE = Suppresses confirmation dialog
flag
LOAD "PROGNAME"
Examples
LOAD "GRP0:GRPDATA"

LOAD (2) Loads a text file into a string variable

Format LOAD "TXT:File name"[,Dialog display flag] OUT TX$
Arguments File name Name of text file to load (prefixed with "TXT:")
Dialog display
FALSE = Suppresses confirmation dialog
flag
Return Values TX$ String variable to store the loaded text file
Examples LOAD "TXT:MEMOFILE" OUT TX$

LOAD (3) Loads a text file into a string variable

Format String variable = LOAD("TXT:File name" [,Dialog display flag])
Arguments File name Name of text file to load (prefixed with "TXT:")
String variable String variable to store the loaded text file
Dialog display
FALSE = Suppresses confirmation dialog
flag
Examples TX$=LOAD("TXT:MEMOFILE")

LOAD (4) Loads a binary file into a numerical value array

Format LOAD "DAT:File name", Numerical value array[,Dialog display flag]
Arguments File name Name of binary file to load (prefixed with "DAT:")
Numerical value
Numerical value variable to store the loaded binary file
array
Dialog display
FALSE = Suppresses confirmation dialog
flag
DIM MARRAY[100]
Examples
LOAD "DAT:MDATA", MARRAY

Saves a file
SAVE (1) - When run, a confirmation dialog will be displayed
- The confirmation dialog for SAVE cannot be hidden
Format SAVE "[Resource name:]File name"
If omitted: Current program SLOT
PRG0-PRG3: Program SLOT (PRG = PRG0)
Arguments Resource name:
GRP0-GRP5: Graphic page
GRPF: Font image page
File name Name to save the file under
Examples SAVE "PRG0:TEST"

SAVE (2) Saves a string variable to a text file

Format SAVE "TXT:File name", String variable
Arguments File name Name to save the file under (prefixed with "TXT:")
String variable String variable containing the text data to be saved (UTF-8)
Examples SAVE "TXT:MEMOFILE",TX$

SAVE (3) Saves a numerical value array to a binary file

Format SAVE "DAT:File name", Numerical value array
Arguments File name Name to save the file under (prefixed with "DAT:")
Numerical value
Numerical value array containing the data to be saved
array
Examples SAVE "DAT:TEST",MARRAY

Changes a file name

RENAME When run, a confirmation dialog will be displayed
Format RENAME "[File type:]File name", "[File type:]New name"
"TXT:" Texts and programs (optional)
Arguments File type:
"DAT:" Binary data (including graphics)
File name Name of file to change name of
New name New file name
Examples RENAME "SAMPLE","NEWNAME"
 Deletes a file
DELETE When run, a confirmation dialog will be displayed
Format DELETE "[File type:]File name"
"TXT:" Texts and programs (optional)
Arguments File type:
"DAT:" Binary data (including graphics)
Examples DELETE "SAMPLE"

Loads and executes a program

- It is impossible to return from a program started with EXEC to the previous program
EXEC (1) - It is possible to return by using END in a program started with EXEC in another SLOT
- This cannot be used to run a program in DIRECT mode
Format EXEC "[Resource name:]File name"
Arguments Resource name: PRG0-PRG3: Program SLOT into which to load the program
File name File name of the program to load
EXEC "SAMPLE"
Examples
EXEC "PRG0:SBGED"

Executes a program in a different SLOT

- It is impossible to return from a program executed with EXEC to the previous program
EXEC (2) - It is possible to return by using END in a program started with EXEC in another SLOT
- This cannot be used to run a program in DIRECT mode
Format EXEC Program SLOT
Arguments Program SLOT 0-3: SLOT number of the program to execute
Examples EXEC 2

USE Makes a program in the specified program SLOT executable

Format USE Program SLOT
Arguments Program SLOT 0-3: Program SLOT
Examples USE 2

CHKFILE Checks if the specified file exists

Format Variable = CHKFILE("[File type:]File name")
"TXT:" Texts and programs
Arguments File type
"DAT:" Binary data (including graphics)
File name Name of the file to check
Return Values TRUE= Exists, FALSE= Does not exist
Examples A=CHKFILE("SBATTACK")

Wireless communication
Instructions related to wireless communication sessions, which allow up to four systems to be connected
* In order to connect, each system must have SmileBASIC installed.

Starts a wireless communication session

- Connection to a session is allowed when MPSTART identifiers are equal
MPSTART - The RESULT system variable should be used to get information on whether or not a session has successfully been
established
- Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format MPSTART Maximum number of connected users, "Communication identifier string"
Maximum number of
Arguments 2-4: Number of concurrent connected users
connected users
Communication
Any character string for authentication
identifier string
Examples MPSTART 4,"ANYSTR"

Ends a wireless communication session

MPEND - All participants close the session synchronously
- A wait dialog will be displayed
Format MPEND
Examples MPEND

Sends data to all participants in a wireless communication session

- Delivery of sent data is guaranteed, but with a delay
MPSEND - A large number of MPSEND calls in a short period will result in an error
  * Communication buffer overflow
- Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format MPSEND "Character string to send"
Character string
Arguments Character string of up to 256 bytes
to send
Examples MPSEND "HELLO!"

Receives data from MPSEND

MPRECV - If there is no data to receive, the sender ID will contain the value -1
- Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format MPRECV OUT SID,RCV$
Arguments SID 0-3: Connection destination number from which the string will be sent
RCV$ String variable to store the received data
MPRECV OUT SID,RCV$
Examples
PRINT SID;":";RCV$

Gets the connection status of a specified terminal in a wireless communication session

MPSTAT Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format Variable = MPSTAT( [Terminal ID] )
0-3: ID of another terminal in the wireless communication session (If omitted, the whole
Arguments Terminal ID
session will be assumed)
Return Values 0: Not connected, 1: Connected
Examples RET=MPSTAT( 2 )

Gets the terminal name of a specified terminal in a wireless communication session

MPNAME$ Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format String variable = MPNAME$( Terminal ID )
Arguments Terminal ID 0-3: ID of another terminal in the wireless communication session
Return Values Terminal name string
Examples NAME$=MPNAME$( 3 )

Gets user-defined data from a specified terminal in a wireless communication session

MPGET Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format Variable=MPGET( Terminal ID, Internal management number )
Arguments Terminal ID 0-3: ID of another terminal in the wireless communication session
Internal
0-8: Management number of the target data
management number
Return Values Numerical value (integer) of the specified data
Examples RET=MPGET( 0, 5 )
 Writes to user-defined data in a wireless communication session
MPSET Communication will be terminated if the system goes into sleep mode
Format MPSET Internal management number, Numerical value
Internal
Arguments 0-8: Management number of the target data/td>
management number
Numerical value Numerical value to register (Only an integer value is allowed)
Examples MPSET 5,123

Screen control
Instructions related to screen display modes, etc.
Sets a screen mode
- Screen modes 2 and 3 can also be used in DIRECT mode, but the Touch Screen will be switched to a keyboard after
XSCREEN execution is started
- 3D specification can be disabled in the Parental Control settings
Format XSCREEN Screen mode [,Number of sprite assignments ,Number of BG assignments]
0: Upper screen-3D, Touch Screen-Not used (Default)
1: Upper screen-2D, Touch Screen-Not used
Arguments Screen mode 2: Upper screen-3D, Touch Screen-Used (Keyboard displayed during INPUT)
3: Upper screen-2D, Touch Screen-Used (Keyboard displayed during INPUT)
4: Upper and Touch screens combined (Upper screen 2D; INPUT and DIRECT mode not allowed)
Number of sprite - Number of sprites to assign to the upper screen: 0-512
assignments - Touch Screen: 512 - number of SPs on the upper screen
Number of BG - Number of BG layers to assign to the upper screen: 0-4
allocations - Touch Screen: 4 - number of BG layers on the upper screen
Examples XSCREEN 2,128,4

Selects the screen to manipulate (Upper or Touch)

DISPLAY (1) - DISPLAY 1 can be specified when XSCREEN 2 or 3 is used
-This command cannot be directly executed in DIRECT mode.
Format DISPLAY Screen ID
Arguments Screen ID 0: Upper screen, 1: Touch Screen
Examples DISPLAY 0

Gets the Screen ID that is currently being used

DISPLAY (2) - DISPLAY 1 can be specified when XSCREEN 2 or 3 is used
- This command cannot be directly executed in DIRECT mode.
Format Variable=DISPLAY()
Return Values Screen ID (0: Upper screen, 1: Touch Screen)
Examples A=DISPLAY()

VISIBLE Switches screen display elements ON/OFF

Format VISIBLE Console,Graphic,BG,sprite
Arguments Console 0: Hide (#OFF), 1: Display (#ON)
Graphic 0: Hide (#OFF), 1: Display (#ON)
BG 0: Hide (#OFF), 1: Display (#ON)
sprite 0: Hide (#OFF), 1: Display (#ON)
Examples VISIBLE 1,1,1,1

BACKCOLOR (1) Specifies a background color

Format BACKCOLOR Background color code
- Usually specified with the RGB function, e.g., BACKCOLOR RGB(64,128,128)
Background color
Arguments - To specify a numerical value directly, a color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each
code
RGB element should be specified
Examples BACKCOLOR RGB(64,128,128)

BACKCOLOR (2) Specifies the current background color

Format Variable=BACKCOLOR()
Return Values Color code of the background color currently set
Examples C=BACKCOLOR()

Resets the draw settings to their settings when BASIC was started
ACLS - The same operations as those shown after END in the Examples should be executed
- Sound settings such as BGM will not be affected
Format ACLS
ACLS
END
'---
XSCREEN 0
LOAD "GRP4:SYS/DEFSP.GRP"
LOAD "GRP5:SYS/DEFBG.GRP"
FONTDEF
SPDEF
DISPLAY 1
WIDTH 8
BACKCOLOR 0
FADE 0
Examples COLOR 15,0:LOCATE 0,0,0:ATTR 0:CLS
GPAGE 1,1:SPPAGE 4:BGPAGE 5
VISIBLE 1,1,1,1
DISPLAY 0
BACKCOLOR 0
FADE 0
WIDTH 8
COLOR 15,0:LOCATE 0,0,0:ATTR 0:CLS
FOR I=0 TO 3:GPAGE I,I:GCLS 0:NEXT
GPAGE 0,0:GPRIO 1024
SPPAGE 4:SPCLR
BGPAGE 5:BGCLR
VISIBLE 1,1,1,1

Sets the color for the screen fader

FADE (1) - The fader is always displayed in the front
- The entire screen is filled with the fading color (taking the transparent color into consideration)
Format FADE Fading color [,Fading time]
Fading color The color to fill the screen (specifying RGB(0,0,0,0) disables the fader)
Arguments The screen color changes from the current fading color to the specified fading color over a
Fading time
specified time period, which can be specified in units of 1/60th of a second.
Examples FADE RGB(32,64,64,64),60

FADE (2) Gets the current screen fader color

Format Value=FADE()
Return Values Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element
Examples C=FADE()
 FADECHK Gets the state of the fading animation
Format Variable=FADECHK()
Return Values TRUE= Animation in progress, FALSE= Animation suspended
Examples R=FADECHK()

Graphics
Functions for drawing figures including lines and circles in pixel units

GPAGE (1) Specifies a page for graphic display and a page for manipulation
Format GPAGE Display page, Manipulation page
Arguments Display page 0-5: GRP0-GRP5
0-5: GRP0-GRP5
Manipulation page
* By default, GRP4 contains sprites and GRP5 contains BG images.
Examples GPAGE 0,0

GPAGE (2) Gets information on the graphic page currently set

Format GPAGE OUT VP,WP
Arguments None
VP Page number for display (0-5)
Return Values
WP Page number for manipulation (0-5)
Examples GPAGE OUT WP,GP

GCOLOR (1) Specifies the graphic draw color

Format GCOLOR Color code
- Usually specified with the RGB function, e.g., GCOLOR RGB(64,255,48)
- To specify a numerical value directly, a color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each
Arguments Color code ARGB element should be specified
- An 8-bit value for A (255: Opaque, Otherwise: Transparent) + one for each RGB element (0-
255)
Examples GCOLOR RGB(255,0,0)

GCOLOR (2) Specifies the graphic draw color

Format GCOLOR OUT C32
Arguments None
Return Values C32 Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element
Examples GCOLOR OUT C32

Gets a color code based on 8-bit RGB values

- Black RGB(0,0,0)
- White RGB(255,255,255)
- Light gray RGB(224,224,224)
- Gray RGB(128,128,128)
- Dark gray RGB(64,64,64)
- Red RGB(255,0,0)
- Pink RGB(255,96,208)
RGB - Purple RGB(160,32,255)
- Light blue RGB(80,208,255)
- Blue RGB(0,32,255)
- Yellow green RGB(96,255,128)
- Green RGB(0,192,0)
- Yellow RGB(255,224,32)
- Orange RGB(255,160,16)
- Brown RGB(160,128,96)
- Pale pink RGB(255,208,160)
Format Variable = RGB( [Transparency,] Red,Green,Blue )
- Transparency information (255: Opaque, Otherwise: Transparent)
Transparency
Arguments - A transparency level in the range 0-255 can be specified for SPCOLOR
Red, Green, Blue Each color has an 8-bit color tone value (each 0-255)
Return Values Variable=Color code (An 8-bit value for each ARGB element) * See GCOLOR
Examples GPSET 0,0, RGB(255,255,0) 'YELLOW

RGBREAD Gets each RGB element from a color code

Format RGBREAD Color code OUT [A,] R,G,B
Arguments Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
A Variable to receive transparency information (Opaque: 255 - 0: Transparent)
Return Values
R,G,B Variables to receive 8-bit color information (each 0-255)
Examples RGBREAD C OUT R,G,B

Specifies a clipping area on the graphic screen

GCLIP - When the range is omitted in display mode, the whole screen will be clipped
- When the range is omitted in write mode, the whole graphic page is assumed
Format GCLIP Clip mode [,Start point X,Start point Y,End point X, End point Y]
Clip mode 0: Clipping for display, 1: Clipping for writing
Arguments Start point X,Y Start point coordinates for the clipping area
End point X,Y End point coordinates for the clipping area
Examples GCLIP 0,100,100,200,200

Changes the display order of the graphic screen

GPRIO If 3D mode is used, the whole graphic screen will be affected
Format GPRIO Z-coordinate
Arguments Z-coordinate Coordinate in the depth direction (Rear:1024 < Screen surface:0 < Front:-256)
Examples GPRIO -100

Clears the graphic screen

GCLS - Instruction to fill the whole screen with black
- It is also possible to specify a color code with which to fill the screen
Format GCLS [ Color code ]
Arguments Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GCLS RGB(32,32,32)

Gets a color from the specified coordinates on the graphic screen

GSPOIT The return value may not be the same as the value specified at the time of drawing because it has passed through
the internal color representation
Format Variable = GSPOIT( X-coordinate,Y-coordinate )
Arguments X-,Y-coordinates Coordinates of which to get the color (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Return Values Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples C=GSPOIT(100,100)

GPSET Puts a pixel on the graphic screen

Format GPSET X-coordinate,Y-coordinate [,Color code ]
Arguments X-,Y-coordinates Coordinates to place the pixel at
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GPSET 100,50
GLINE Draws a straight line on the graphic screen
Format GLINE Start point X,Start point Y, End point X,End point Y [,Color code ]
Start point X,Y Start point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments End point X,Y End point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GLINE 0,0,399,239,RGB(0,255,255)

GCIRCLE (1) Draws a circle on the graphic screen

Format GCIRCLE Center point X,Center point Y, Radius [,Color code ]
Center point X,Y Center point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments Radius Radius of the circle (in pixels) 1-
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GCIRCLE 200,120,30

GCIRCLE (2) Draws an arc on the graphic screen

Format GCIRCLE Center point X, Center point Y, Radius, Start angle, End angle [ Flag [ Color code ]]
Center point X,Y Center point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Radius Radius of the circle (in pixels) 1-
Start angle, End
Arguments Angle of the arc 0-360
angle
Flag Drawing method (0=Arc, 1=Sector)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GCIRCLE 200,120,30, 0,45, 1

GBOX Draws a quadrangle on the graphic screen

Format GBOX Start point X,Start point Y, End point X,End point Y [,Color code]
Start point X,Y Start point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments End point X,Y End point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GBOX 0,0,399,239

GFILL Draws a quadrangle on the graphic screen and fills it with a color
Format GFILL Start point X,Start point Y, End point X,End point Y [,Color code]
Start point X,Y Start point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments End point X,Y End point coordinates (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GFILL 0,0,399,239

Fills the graphic screen with color

GPAINT If the border color is omitted, the color range at the start point coordinates will be used
Format GPAINT Start point X, Start point Y [ ,Fill Color [, Border color ] ]
Start point X,Y Coordinates to start filling from (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments Fill color Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Border color Should be specified in the same way as Fill color
Examples GPAINT 200,120,RGB(255,0,0),RGB(0,0,0)

GCOPY Copies an image from another graphic page

GCOPY [Transfer source page,] Start point X,Start point Y, End point X,End point Y, Transfer destination
Format
X,Transfer destination Y, Copy mode
Transfer source
0-5 (GRP0-GRP5), -1 (GRPF) If omitted: Current drawing page
page
Start point X,Y
Start and end point coordinates of the copy source range (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments End point X,Y
Transfer
Start point coordinates of the copy destination range (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
destination X,Y
Copy mode TRUE = Copies the transparent color, FALSE = Does not copy the transparent color
Examples GCOPY 0, 0,0,100,100, 200,100 ,1

GSAVE Copies an image (whole screen) to an array

Format GSAVE [Transfer source page,] [X,Y,Width,Height,] Transfer destination array, Color conversion flag
Transfer source
0-5 (GRP0-GRP5), -1(GRPF) If omitted: Current drawing page
page
Start point X-coordinate, start point Y-coordinate, and width/height (in pixels) of the copy
X,Y,Width,Height source range
If omitted: Current drawing area
Arguments
Array variable to store the image
Transfer
* If the number of elements in the array is insufficient, the required element(s) will be
destination array
added automatically, provided that the array is one-dimensional.
Color conversion 0: Performs color conversion (Converts to 32-bit logical colors)
flag 1: Leaves the physical codes as they are (16-bit)
DIM WORK[0]
Examples
GSAVE 0,0,0,512,512,WORK,1

GLOAD (1) Copies image data from an array to the graphic screen
Format GLOAD [X,Y,Width,Height,] Image array,Color conversion flag,Copy mode
Start point X-coordinate, start point Y-coordinate, and width/height (in pixels) of the copy
X,Y,Width,Height
destination range
Image array Numerical value array containing image data stored with GSAVE
Arguments
Color conversion 0: Performs color conversion (Converts to 32-bit logical colors)
flag 1: Leaves the physical codes as they are (16-bit)
Copy mode TRUE = Copies the transparent color, FALSE = Does not copy the transparent color
Examples GLOAD 0,0,512,512, WORK, 1, 0

Copies image data from an array to the graphic screen

GLOAD (2) Colors will be handled as index colors from palettes
Format GLOAD [X,Y,Width,Height,] Image array,Palette array,Copy mode
Start point X-coordinate, start point Y-coordinate, and width/height (in pixels) of the copy
X,Y,Width,Height
destination range
Arguments Image array Numerical value array containing image data stored with GSAVE
Palette array Numerical value array containing palette data
Copy mode TRUE = Copies the transparent color, FALSE = Does not copy the transparent color
Examples GLOAD 0,0,512,512, WORK, PALETTE, 0

GTRI Draws a triangle on the graphic screen and fills it with a color
Format GTRI X1,Y1, X2,Y2, X3,Y3 [,Color code]
X1,Y1 Vertex 1(X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
X2,Y2 Vertex 2 (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Arguments
X3,Y3 Vertex 3 (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GTRI 200,10,300,200,100,200
 GPUTCHR (1) Draws a character string on the graphic screen
Format GPUTCHR X,Y, "String" [,Scale X,Scale Y][,Color code]
X,Y Display position (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
"String" String to display
Arguments
Scale X,Y Display magnification (No scaling=1.0)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GPUTCHR 10,10," "

GPUTCHR (2) Draws a character on the graphic screen

Format GPUTCHR X,Y, Character code [,Scale X,Scale Y][,Color code]
X,Y Display position (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Character code Character code to display
Arguments
Scale X,Y Display magnification (No scaling=1.0)
Color code Color code consisting of an 8-bit value for each ARGB element * See GCOLOR
Examples GPUTCHR 10,10,ASC("A")

Sprites
Functions related to display of images made up of rectangles that can be moved freely

SPPAGE (1) Sets a graphic page to assign to sprites

Format SPPAGE Graphic page
Arguments Graphic page 0-5 (GRP0-GRP5) By default, the page for sprites is 4 (GRP4)
Examples SPPAGE 4

SPPAGE (2) Gets the graphic page that has been assigned to sprites
Format Variable=SPPAGE()
Return Values Graphic page number (0-5)
Examples P=SPPAGE()

Specifies a clipping area in the sprite

SPCLIP - If the range is omitted, the whole screen will be assumed
Format SPCLIP [Start point X,Start point Y,End point X, End point Y]
Arguments Start point X,Y Start point coordinates for the clipping area (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
End point X,Y End point coordinates for the clipping area (X: 0-399, Y: 0-239)
Examples SPCLIP 100,100,200,200

SPDEF (1) Resets the sprite character definition template to its initial state
Format SPDEF
Arguments None
Common Supplement - The sprite definition template is a common component for both the upper screen and the Touch Screen
for SPDEF - This is provided in order to simplify SPSET definition
Examples SPDEF

SPDEF (2) Creates a template for sprite character definition

Format SPDEF Definition number, U,V [,W,H [,Origin X,Origin Y]] [,Attribute]
Definition number Definition number of the template: 0-4095
U,V Coordinates of the original image to define (U: 0-511, V: 0-511)
Size of the original image to define If omitted: 16,16
W,H
* U+W and/or V+H values greater than 512 will give an error.
Origin X,Y Reference point for the coordinates of the sprite If omitted: 0,0
|b00| Display (0=OFF, 1=ON) #SPSHOW
Arguments |b01| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b01 and b02)
|b02| ↓#SPROT0, #SPROT90, #SPROT0180, #SPROT270
|b03| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVH
Attribute
|b04| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVV
|b05| Additive synthesis (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPADD

If omitted, 0x01 (Only display is set to ON)

Examples SPDEF 0,192,352,32,32,16,16,1

SPDEF (3) Creates templates for sprite character definition collectively from an array
Format SPDEF Numerical value array
Numerical value array containing sprite template data
- One sprite template consists of the following 7 elements: U,V,W,H,Origin X,Origin
Numerical value Y,Attribute
Arguments
array - The number of elements must be a multiple of 7
- A specific number of sprite templates (the number of elements divided by 7) will be defined
in order, starting with 0
Examples SPDEF SRCDATA

SPDEF (4) Creates templates for sprite character definition collectively from a DATA sequence
Format SPDEF "@Label string"
Label of the DATA instruction that enumerates the sprite template data
- The @Label name should be enclosed in "" or specified with a string variable
- The first data should be the number of sprites to define, followed by enumeration of the
Arguments @Label string
data for each sprite (7 data elements per sprite)
- One sprite template consists of the following 7 elements: U,V,W,H,Origin X,Origin
Y,Attribute
Examples SPDEF "@SRCDATA"

SPDEF (5) Gets information on a sprite character definition template

Format SPDEF Definition number OUT U,V [,W,H [,HX,HY]] [,A]
Arguments Definition number Definition number of the template: 0-4095
U,V Variables to receive the image coordinates
W,H Variable to receive the image size
Return Values
HX,HY Variable to receive the reference point for the sprite coordinates
A Variable to receive the attribute
Examples SPDEF 2 OUT U,V,ATR
 Copies a template for sprite character definition
SPDEF (6) - Unnecessary elements can be omitted (Separating commas (',') are required)
- Arguments are used to adjust the copied template
Format SPDEF Definition number,Source definition number,[U],[V],[W],[H],[Origin X],[Origin Y],[Attribute]
Definition number Definition number of the template: 0-4095
Source definition
Definition number of the copy source: 0-4095
number
U,V Coordinates of the original image to define (U: 0-511, V: 0-511)
Size of the original image to define If omitted: 16,16
W,H
* U+W and/or V+H values greater than 512 will give an error.
Origin X,Y Reference point for the coordinates of the sprite If omitted: 0,0
Arguments |b00| Display (0=OFF, 1=ON) #SPSHOW
|b01| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b01 and b02)
|b02| ↓#SPROT0, #SPROT90, #SPROT0180, #SPROT270
|b03| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVH
Attribute
|b04| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVV
|b05| Additive synthesis (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPADD

If omitted, 0x01 (Only display is set to ON)

SPDEF 0,255,192,352,32,32,16,16,1
Examples
SPDEF 1,255,,,32,32,,,

Creates a sprite (using a definition template)

- SPSET makes a sprite available for use
SPSET (1) - Executing SPSET will initialize rotation and all other information
- All values of SPVAR will be 0
- When any SPHIT instruction for collision detection is to be used, SPCOL should be called after SPSET
Format SPSET Management number,Definition number
Management number Number of the sprite to create: 0-511
Arguments
Definition number Definition number of the template defined with SPDEF: 0-4095
Examples SPSET 1,500

Creates a sprite (using image and other information specified directly)

Can be used to set a sprite separately without using the values from SPDEF
- SPSET makes a sprite available for use
SPSET (2) - Executing SPSET will initialize rotation and all other information
- All values of SPVAR will be 0
- When any SPHIT instruction for collision detection is to be used, SPCOL should be called after SPSET
Format SPSET Management number ,U,V [,W,H] ,Attribute
Management number Number of the sprite to create: 0-511
U,V Coordinates of the original image to define (U: 0-511, V: 0-511)
Size of the original image to define (If omitted: 16,16)
W,H
* U+W and/or V+H values greater than 512 will give an error.
|b00| Display (0=OFF, 1=ON) #SPSHOW
|b01| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b01 and b02)
Arguments
|b02| ↓#SPROT0, #SPROT90, #SPROT0180, #SPROT270
|b03| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVH
Attribute
|b04| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVV
|b05| Additive synthesis (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPADD

If omitted, 0x01 (Only display is set to ON)

Examples SPSET 54,0,0,32,32,1

Finds an available sprite number and creates a sprite (using a definition template)
Finds an available sprite number from the whole range
- SPSET makes a sprite available for use
SPSET (3) - Executing SPSET will initialize rotation and all other information
- All values of SPVAR will be 0
- When any SPHIT instruction for collision detection is to be used, SPCOL should be called after SPSET
Format SPSET Definition number OUT IX
Arguments Definition number Definition number of the template defined with SPDEF: 0-4095
Return Values IX Variable to receive the generated number: 0-511 (-1 = No available number)
Examples SPSET 500 OUT IX

Finds an available sprite number and creates a sprite (using image and other information specified directly)
Finds an available sprite number from the whole range
- SPSET makes a sprite available for use
SPSET (4) - Executing SPSET will initialize rotation and all other information
- All values of SPVAR will be 0
- When any SPHIT instruction for collision detection is to be used, SPCOL should be called after SPSET
Format SPSET U,V,W,H,Attribute OUT IX
U,V Coordinates of the original image to define (U: 0-511, V: 0-511)
Size of the original image to define (If omitted: 16,16)
W,H
* U+W and/or V+H values greater than 512 will give an error.
|b00| Display (0=OFF, 1=ON) #SPSHOW
Arguments |b01| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b01 and b02)
|b02| ↓#SPROT0, #SPROT90, #SPROT0180, #SPROT270
Attribute
|b03| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVH
|b04| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVV
|b05| Additive synthesis (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPADD
Return Values IX Variable to receive the generated number: 0-511 (-1 = No available number)
Examples SPSET 0,0,32,32,1 OUT IX

Finds an available sprite number in a certain range and creates a sprite (using a definition template)
Finds an available number in the specified range
- SPSET makes a sprite available for use
SPSET (5) - Executing SPSET will initialize rotation and all other information
- All values of SPVAR will be 0
- When any SPHIT instruction for collision detection is to be used, SPCOL should be called after SPSET
Format SPSET Upper limit,Lower limit, Definition number OUT IX
Upper limit, Lower
Arguments Range in which to find an available number (0-511)
limit
Definition number Definition number of the template defined with SPDEF: 0-4095
Return Values IX Variable to receive the generated number: 0-511 (-1 = No available number)
Examples SPSET 100,120, 500 OUT IX
 Finds an available sprite number in a certain range and creates a sprite (using image and other information
specified directly)
Finds an available number in the specified range
SPSET (6) - SPSET makes a sprite available for use
- Executing SPSET will initialize rotation and all other information
- All values of SPVAR will be 0
- When any SPHIT instruction for collision detection is to be used, SPCOL should be called after SPSET
Format SPSET Upper limit,Lower limit, U,V,W,H,Attribute OUT IX
Upper limit,Lower
Range in which to find an available number (0-511)
limit
U,V Coordinates of the original image to define (U: 0-511, V: 0-511)
Size of the original image to define (If omitted: 16,16)
W,H
* U+W and/or V+H values greater than 512 will give an error.
|b00| Display (0=OFF, 1=ON) #SPSHOW
Arguments |b01| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b01 and b02)
|b02| ↓#SPROT0, #SPROT90, #SPROT0180, #SPROT270
|b03| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVH
Attribute
|b04| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVV
|b05| Additive synthesis (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPADD

If omitted, 0x01 (Only display is set to ON)

Return Values IX Variable to receive the generated number: 0-511 (-1 = No available number)
Examples SPSET 100,120, 0,0,32,32,1 OUT IX

Stops using the specified sprite and releases the memory

SPCLR If memory is not released after use with sprites, there will be no available memory for SPSET
Format SPCLR Management number
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite to stop using: 0-511
Examples SPCLR 56

Starts displaying a sprite

SPSHOW If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPSHOW Management number
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite to display: 0-511
Examples SPSHOW 43

Hides a sprite
SPHIDE - This only hides the sprite; it continues to exist
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHIDE Management number
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite to hide: 0-511
Examples SPHIDE 43

Specifies the reference point (home position) for the coordinates of a sprite
- Position reference point for the SPOFS instruction
SPHOME (1) - Center point for rotation and scaling
- Center coordinates for collision detection
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHOME Management number,Position X,Position Y
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite for which to set the reference point: 0-511
Position X,Y Relative coordinates with the top left corner of the sprite as the origin (0,0)
Examples SPHOME 34,16,16

Gets the reference point (home position) for the coordinates of a sprite
SPHOME (2) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHOME Management number OUT HX,HY
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite: 0-511
Return Values HX,HY Variable to receive the coordinates of the reference point
Examples SPHOME 10 OUT HX,HY

Changes (moves) the coordinates of a sprite

SPOFS (1) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPOFS Management number, X, Y [,Z]
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Arguments X,Y Screen coordinates where the sprite will be displayed
Z Coordinate in the depth direction (Rear:1024 < Screen surface:0 < Front:-256)
SPOFS 23,50,80
Examples SPOFS 23,,,1000
SPOFS 23,150,180,0

Gets the coordinates of a sprite

SPOFS (2) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPOFS Management number OUT X,Y[,Z]
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
X,Y Variable to receive the coordinates
Return Values
Z Variable to receive the depth information
Examples SPOFS 12 OUT X,Y,Z

Specifies the rotation angle of a sprite

SPROT (1) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPROT Management number,Angle
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Arguments
Angle Rotation angle: 0-360 (clockwise)
Examples SPROT 23,45

Gets the rotation angle of a sprite

SPROT (2) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPROT Management number OUT DR
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Return Values DR Variable to receive the angle
Examples SPROT 23 OUT DR

Gets the rotation angle of a sprite (Function type)

SPROT (3) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format Variable=SPROT(Management number)
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Return Values Current angle (0-360)
Examples A=SPROT(23)
 Changes the scale (display magnification) of a sprite
SPSCALE (1) - For collision detection that takes scale into account, SPCOL should first be executed
If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPSCALE Management number, Magnification X, Magnification Y
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Magnification X,Y 0.5 (50%) - 1.0 (100%) - 2.0 (200%) -
Examples SPSCALE 56, 0.75, 0.75

Gets the display magnification of a sprite

SPSCALE (2) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPSCALE Management number OUT SX,SY
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Return Values SX,SY Variable to receive the magnification
Examples SPSCALE 45 OUT SX,SY

Sets the display color of a sprite

SPCOLOR (1) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOLOR Management number, Color code
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
32-bit color code in the ARGB=8888 format
Arguments
Color code - The lower the value of A, the higher the transparency level
- The actual display color will be the color code multiplied by the original pixel color
Examples SPCOLOR 1,RGB(16, 255,0,0) 'A=16,R=255,G=0,B=0

Gets the display color of a sprite

SPCOLOR (2) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOLOR Management number OUT C32
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Return Values C32 Variable that returns the current color code (32-bit ARGB)
Examples SPCOLOR 1 OUT C

Changes the character definition of a sprite (using the specified template)

SPCHR (1) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCHR Management number, Definition number
Management number Management number of the sprite to change the definition of: 0-511
Arguments
Definition number Definition number of the template registered using the SPDEF instruction: 0-4095
Examples SPCHR 0,500

Changes the character definition of a sprite (using a definition specified directly)

SPCHR (2) - Arguments other than the management number can be omitted
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCHR Management number,[U],[V],[W],[H],[Attribute]
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
U,V Coordinates of the original image to define (U: 0-511, V: 0-511)
Size of the original image to define (If omitted: 16,16)
W,H
* U+W and/or V+H values bigger than 512 will give an error
|b00| Display (0=OFF, 1=ON) #SPSHOW
|b01| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b01 and b02)
Arguments
|b02| ↓#SPROT0, #SPROT90, #SPROT0180, #SPROT270
|b03| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVH
Attribute
|b04| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPREVV
|b05| Additive synthesis (0=OFF, 1=ON), #SPADD

If omitted, 0x01 (Only display is set to ON)

SPCHR 5,64,64,16,16,1
Examples
SPCHR 6,,,32,32,1 'UV skip

Gets information on the character definition of a sprite

SPCHR (3) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCHR Management number OUT U,V [,W,H [,A] ]
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
U,V Variables to store the coordinates of the original image
Return Values W,H Variables to store the size of the original image
A Variables to store the attribute
Examples SPCHR 5 OUT U,V,W,H,ATR

Gets the character definition number of a sprite

SPCHR (4) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCHR Management number OUT DEFNO
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Return Values DEFNO Variable to receive the definition number
Examples SPCHR 5 OUT DEFNO

Links one sprite to another sprite

- Only the coordinates will be linked (The rotation angle and magnification information will not)
- Only a sprite with a lower management number can be specified as the link destination (parent)
SPLINK - The display coordinates of the child will be determined in relation to the parent
- In this coordinate system, the top left corner of the screen will not be the origin
- There are no restrictions on link hierarchies
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPLINK Management number, Link destination management number
Arguments Management number Management number of the link source (child) sprite: 0-511
Link destination Management number of the link destination (parent) sprite: 0-511
management number * Management numbers that are not lower than that of the link source will give errors.
Examples SPLINK 15,4

Unlinks a sprite
SPUNLINK If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPUNLINK Management number
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite to unlink: 0-511
Examples SPUNLINK 15
 Displays animation with a sprite (using animation data specified with an array)
If used before SPSET, an error will occur
- Animation waits for a specified time, according to the value input
SPANIM (1) - Animation starts from the frame following SPANIM execution
- Up to 32 pieces of data will be accepted for each target element
- If a negative value is specified for time, linear interpolation from the previous value will occur
Format SPANIM Management number,"Animation target",Data array [,Loop]
Management number Management number of the sprite for which to set the animation: 0-511
Numerical value or character string to control the elements that should change
- 0 or "XY": XY-coordinates
- 1 or "Z": Z-coordinates
- 2 or "UV": UV-coordinates (Coordinates of the definition source image)
- 3 or "I": Definition number
- 4 or "R": Rotation angle
Animation target - 5 or "S": Magnification XY
Arguments
- 6 or "C": Display color
- 7 or "V": Variable (Value of sprite internal variable 7)
- Adding 8 to the target numerical value will cause the value to be treated as being relative
to the run time
- Suffixing the character string with "+" will also cause the value to be treated as being
relative to the run time
Data array One-dimensional numerical value array storing the animation data
Loop Loop count: (1-) The value 0 specifies an endless loop
Animation data should be provided in a numerical value array in the following order (Up to 32 pieces of data):
Data Arrays
Time 1, Item 1,[Item2,] Time 2,Item 1,[Item 2,]…
DIM PANIM[ 6 ]
PANIM[0] = -60 'frame(-60=smooth)
PANIM[1] = 200 'offset X,Y
PANIM[2] = 100
Examples PANIM[3] = -30 'frame
PANIM[4] = 50 'offset
PANIM[5] = 20
SPSET 0,0
SPANIM 0,"XY",PANIM

Displays animation with a sprite (using animation data specified with the DATA instruction)
If used before SPSET, an error will occur
- Animation waits for a specified time, according to the value input
SPANIM (2) - Animation starts from the frame following SPANIM execution
- Up to 32 pieces of data will be accepted for each target element
- If a negative value is specified for time, linear interpolation from the previous value will occur
Format SPANIM Management number,"Animation target","@Label string" [,Loop]
Management number Management number of the sprite for which to set the animation: 0-511
Numerical value or character string to control the elements that should change
- 0 or "XY": XY-coordinates
- 1 or "Z": Z-coordinates
- 2 or "UV": UV-coordinates (Coordinates of the definition source image)
- 3 or "I": Definition number
- 4 or "R": Rotation angle
Animation target - 5 or "S": Magnification XY
- 6 or "C": Display color
Arguments
- 7 or "V": Variable (Value of sprite internal variable 7)
- Adding 8 to the target numerical value will cause the value to be treated as being relative
to the run time
- Suffixing the character string with "+" will also cause the value to be treated as being
relative to the run time
- First label of the DATA instruction storing the animation data
@Label string - This should be specified as a character string by enclosing the @Label name in "" (or as a
string variable)
Loop Loop count: (1-) The value 0 specifies an endless loop
Animation data should be provided in the DATA instruction in the following order:
DATA Number of key frames (maximum: 32)
Data DATA Time 1,Item 1[,Item 2]
DATA Time 2,Item 1[,Item 2]
  :
@MOVDATA
DATA 2 'counter
DATA -60,200,100 'frame,offset
Examples
DATA -30,50,20 'frame,offset
SPSET 0,0
SPANIM 0,"XY","@MOVDATA"

Displays animation with a sprite (using animation data specified directly as arguments)
If used before SPSET, an error will occur
- Animation waits for a specified time, according to the value input
SPANIM (3) - Animation starts from the frame following SPANIM execution
- Up to 32 pieces of data will be accepted for each target element
- If a negative value is specified for time, linear interpolation from the previous value will occur
Format SPANIM Management number,"Animation target",Time 1,Item 1[,Item 2] [,Time 2,Item 1[,Item 2]]… [,Loop]
Management number Management number of the sprite for which to set the animation: 0-511
Numerical value or character string to control the elements that should change
- 0 or "XY": XY-coordinates
- 1 or "Z": Z-coordinates
- 2 or "UV": UV-coordinates (Coordinates of the definition source image)
- 3 or "I": Definition number
- 4 or "R": Rotation angle
Animation target - 5 or "S": Magnification XY
Arguments
- 6 or "C": Display color
- 7 or "V": Variable (Value of sprite internal variable 7)
- Adding 8 to the target numerical value will cause the value to be treated as being relative
to the run time
- Suffixing the character string with "+" will also cause the value to be treated as being
relative to the run time
Time,Item - Animation data itself (As many Time/Item sets as needed should be listed. Maximum: 32)
Loop Loop count: (1-) The value 0 specifies an endless loop
SPSET 0,0
Examples
SPANIM 0,"XY", -60,200,100, -30,50,20

Stops animation of a sprite

SPSTOP If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPSTOP [Management number]
Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Arguments Management number
* If the management number is omitted, animation of all sprites will be stopped.
Examples SPSTOP
 Starts animation of a sprite
SPSTART (If used before SPSET, an error will occur)
Format SPSTART [Management number]
Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Arguments Management number
* If the management number is omitted, animation of all sprites will be started.
Examples SPSTART

Gets the animation status of a sprite

SPCHK If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format Variable=SPCHK( Management number )
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
|b00| XY-coordinates (1), #CHKXY
|b01| Z-coordinates (2), #CHKZ
|b02| UV-coordinates (4), #CHKUV
|b03| Definition number (8), #CHKI
|b04| Rotation (16), #CHKR
Return Values
|b05| Magnification XY (32), #CHKS
|b06| Display color (64), #CHKC
|b07| Variable (128), #CHKV

For each bit, a target is assigned (If 0 is assigned for all bits, animation is being stopped)
ST=SPCHK(5)
'|b00|#CHKXY
'|b01|#CHKZ
'|b02|#CHKUV
Examples '|b03|#CHKI
'|b04|#CHKR
'|b05|#CHKS
'|b06|#CHKC
'|b07|#CHKV

Writes to a sprite internal variable

SPVAR (1) - Sprite internal variables (Each sprite has eight variables that the user can use)
- Can also be used before SPSET (When SPSET is executed, all eight variables will be 0)
Format SPVAR Management number,Internal variable number,Numerical data
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Internal variable
Arguments Number of the internal variable: 0-7
number
Numerical value Numerical value to register with the internal variable (0-
Examples SPVAR 0,7,1

Reads a sprite internal variable (Function type)

SPVAR (2) - Sprite internal variables (Each sprite has eight variables that the user can use)
- Can also be used before SPSET (When SPSET is executed, all eight variables will be 0)
Format Variable=SPVAR( Management number,Internal variable number )
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Internal variable
Number of the internal variable: 0-7
number
Return Values Value written with SPVAR
Examples V=SPVAR(54,0)

Reads a sprite internal variable

SPVAR (3) - Sprite internal variables (Each sprite has eight variables that the user can use)
- Can also be used before SPSET (When SPSET is executed, all eight variables will be 0)
Format SPVAR Management number,Internal variable number OUT V
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Internal variable
Number of the internal variable: 0-7
number
Return Values V Numerical value variable that returns the value of the internal variable
Examples SPVAR 54,0 OUT V

Sets sprite collision detection information

- Must be called before any SPHIT instruction is used
SPCOL (1) - SPCOLVEC should also be called
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number [,Scale adjustment]
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
FALSE = Ignores this specification (If omitted = FALSE)
TRUE = Synchronizes the detection area with SPSCALE
Scale adjustment
* This specification will be effective for SPSCALE instructions set after the SPCOL
instruction.
Examples SPCOL 3,TRUE

Sets sprite collision detection information (including mask specification)

- Must be called before any SPHIT instruction is used
SPCOL (2) - SPCOLVEC should also be called
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number,[Scale adjustment],Mask
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
FALSE = Ignores this specification (If omitted = FALSE)
TRUE = Synchronizes the detection area with SPSCALE
Scale adjustment
* This specification will be effective for SPSCALE instructions set after the SPCOL
Arguments
instruction.
0 - &HFFFFFFFF (32 bits)
Mask * For collision detection, the AND of the bits is determined,
  and if it is 0, it is regarded as no collision (If omitted, &HFFFFFFFF).
SPCOL 3,TRUE,31
Examples
SPCOL 3,,31
 Sets sprite collision detection information (including range specification)
- Must be called before any SPHIT instruction is used
SPCOL (3) - SPCOLVEC should also be called
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number,Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height,[Scale adjustment],Mask
Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
- Start point coordinates of the detection area: X,Y (-32768 to 32767)
Start point X,Y
- Relative coordinates with SPHOME as the origin (0,0)
Width,Height   Width and height of the detection area: W,H (0-65535)
FALSE = Ignores this specification (If omitted = FALSE)
Arguments TRUE = Synchronizes the detection area with SPSCALE
Scale adjustment
* This specification will be effective for SPSCALE instructions set after the SPCOL
instruction.
0 - &HFFFFFFFF (32 bits)
Mask * For collision detection, the AND of the bits is determined,
  and if it is 0, it is regarded as no collision (If omitted, &HFFFFFFFF).
SPCOL 3,0,0,32,32,TRUE,255
Examples
SPCOL 3,0,0,32,32,,255

Gets sprite collision detection information (scale adjustment and mask)

SPCOL (4) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number OUT Scale adjustment [,Mask]
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Scale adjustment Variable to receive the scale value
Return Values
Mask Variable to receive the mask value
Examples SPCOL 3 OUT SC,MSK

Gets sprite collision detection information (range)

SPCOL (5) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number OUT Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Start point X,Y Variables to receive the start point coordinates of the detection area
Return Values
Width,Height Variables to receive the width and height of the detection area
Examples SPCOL 3 OUT X,Y,W,H

Gets sprite collision detection information (range and scale adjustment)

SPCOL (6) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number OUT Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height,Scale adjustment
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Start point X,Y Variables to receive the start point coordinates of the detection area
Return Values Width,Height Variables to receive the width and height of the detection area
Scale adjustment Variable to receive the scale value
Examples SPCOL 3 OUT X,Y,W,H,SC

Gets sprite collision detection information (all information)

SPCOL (7) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOL Management number OUT Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height,Scale adjustment,Mask
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Start point X,Y Variables to receive the start point coordinates of the detection area
Width,Height Variables to receive the width and height of the detection area
Return Values
Scale adjustment Variable to receive the scale value
Mask Variable to receive the mask value
Examples SPCOL 3 OUT X,Y,W,H,SC,MSK

Sets a movement speed for sprite collision detection

SPCOLVEC - It is recommended to also call this instruction when setting SPCOL
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPCOLVEC Management number [,Movement amount X,Movement amount Y]
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
- If omitted, the amount will be automatically calculated as follows:
Movement amount
- When linear interpolation of "XY" in SPANIM is being performed: Movement distance from the
X,Movement amount
previous frame
Y
- Otherwise: 0,0
Examples SPCOLVEC 93

Detects sprite collision

SPHITSP (1) - SPCOL and SPCOLVEC should be called beforehand
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format Variable = SPHITSP( Management number [,First ID,Last ID] )
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite to detect collision with: 0-511
First ID,Last ID Range of sprites to detect (0-511)
Return Values Management number of the colliding sprite (When no collision, -1)
Examples H=SPHITSP(0)

Detects sprite collision: collision between the specified sprites

SPHITSP (2) - SPCOL and SPCOLVEC should be called beforehand
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format Variable = SPHITSP( Management number ,Opponent management number )
Arguments Management number Management number of the sprite to detect collision with: 0-511
Opponent
Management number of the opponent sprite: 0-511
management number
Return Values FALSE = No collision, TRUE = Collision
Examples H=SPHITSP( 0,34 )

Detects collision between a moving quadrangle and any sprite

SPHITRC (1) - SPCOL and SPCOLVEC should be called beforehand
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHITRC( Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height[,[Mask],Movement amount X,Movement amount Y] )
Start point X,Y Top left coordinates of the quadrangle to detect collision with
Width,Height Width and height of the quadrangle to detect collision with
0 - &HFFFFFFFF (32 bits)
Arguments Mask * For collision detection, the AND of the bits is determined,
  and if it is 0, it is regarded as no collision (If omitted, &HFFFFFFFF).
Movement amount
Movement amount of the quadrangle to detect collision with
X,Y
Return Values Management number of the colliding sprite (When no collision, -1)
Examples H=SPHITRC( 0,0,16,16 )
 Detects collision between the specified sprite and a quadrangle
SPHITRC (2) - SPCOL and SPCOLVEC should be called beforehand
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHITRC( Management number,Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height[,[Mask],Movement amount X,Movement amount Y] )
Management number Management number of the collision opponent sprite: 0-511
Start point X,Y Top left coordinates of the quadrangle to detect collision with
Width,Height Width and height of the quadrangle to detect collision with
0 - &HFFFFFFFF (32 bits)
Arguments
Mask * For collision detection, the AND of the bits is determined,
  and if it is 0, it is regarded as no collision (If omitted, &HFFFFFFFF).
Movement amount
Movement amount of the quadrangle to detect collision with
X,Y
Return Values FALSE = No collision, TRUE = Collision
Examples H=SPHITRC( 1,0,0,16,16 )

Detects collision between the specified range of sprites and a quadrangle

SPHITRC (3) - SPCOL and SPCOLVEC should be called beforehand
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
SPHITRC( First ID,Last ID, Start point x,Start point y,Width,Height[,[Mask],Movement amount X, Movement amount Y]
Format
)
First ID,Last ID Range of sprites to detect (0-511)
Start point X,Y Top left coordinates of the quadrangle to detect collision with
Width,Height Width and height of the quadrangle to detect collision with
0 - &HFFFFFFFF (32 bits)
Arguments
Mask * For collision detection, the AND of the bits is determined,
  and if it is 0, it is regarded as no collision (If omitted, &HFFFFFFFF).
Movement amount
Movement amount of the quadrangle to detect collision with
X,Y
Return Values Management number of the colliding sprite (When no collision, -1)
Examples H=SPHITRC( 0,0,16,16 )

Gets information on collision detection results (Time of collision)

SPHITINFO (1) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHITINFO OUT TM
Arguments None
- Variable that returns time of collision: real-type number from 0 to 1
Return Values TM
- Position at collision detection + speed x collision time = collision X-Y coordinates
Examples SPHITINFO OUT TM

Gets information on collision detection results (Time of collision and coordinates)

SPHITINFO (2) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHITINFO OUT TM,X1,Y1,X2,Y2
Arguments None
- Variable that returns time of collision: real-type number from 0 to 1
TM
- Position at collision detection + speed x collision time = collision X-Y coordinates
Return Values
X1,Y1 Variable that returns the X-Y coordinates of object 1 at the time of collision
X2,Y2 Variable that returns the X-Y coordinates of object 2 at the time of collision
Examples SPHITINFO OUT TM,X1,Y1,X2,Y2

Gets information on collision detection results (Time of collision, coordinates and speed)
SPHITINFO (3) If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPHITINFO OUT TM,X1,Y1,VX1,VY1,X2,Y2,VX2,VY2
Arguments None
- Variable that returns time of collision: real-type number from 0 to 1
Time of collision
- Position at collision detection + speed x collision time = collision X-Y coordinates
X1,Y1 Variable that returns the X-Y coordinates of object 1 at the time of collision
Return Values
VX1,VY1 Variable that returns the speed of object 1 at the time of collision
X2,Y2 Variable that returns the X-Y coordinates of object 2 at the time of collision
VX2,VY2 Variable that returns the speed of object 2 at the time of collision
Examples SPHITINFO OUT TM,X1,Y1,VX1,VY1,X2,Y2,VX2,VY2

Assigns a process to a sprite

- An instruction for advanced users that is used when callback processing is required
- All sprite processes are executed with CALL sprite
SPFUNC - Instead of @Label, a user process defined using DEF can also be specified
- At the processing target, the management number can be obtained using the CALLIDX system variable
- If used before SPSET, an error will occur
Format SPFUNC Management number, @Label
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
@Label Label of the processing target (or a user-defined process) to be called
Examples SPFUNC 0,@PROG

SPUSED Checks if the specified sprite is in use

Format Variable=SPUSED(Management number)
Arguments Management number Management number of the target sprite: 0-511
Return Values TRUE = In use, FALSE = Available
Examples S=SPUSED(4)

BG
Functions for displaying tiled 16x16-pixel rectangular images

BGPAGE (1) Sets a graphic page to assign to BG

Format BGPAGE Graphic page
Arguments Graphic page 0-5 (GRP0-GRP5) By default, the graphic page for BG is 5 (GRP5)
Examples BGPAGE 5

BGPAGE (2) Gets the graphic page that has been assigned to BG
Format Variable=BGPAGE()
Return Values Graphic page number (0-5)
Examples P=BGPAGE()

BGSCREEN Sets the BG screen size per layer

Format BGSCREEN Layer,Width,Height
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
- Width and height in character units (Width x Height should be equal to or less than 16383)
Width,Height
- Initial state: 25 x 15 (Right size to fill the upper screen with BG)
Examples BGSCREEN 0,128,127

BGCLR Clears the BG screen

Format BGCLR [Layer]
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3 (If omitted, all layers)
Examples BGCLR
BGSHOW Shows the BG screen
Format BGSHOW Layer
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Examples BGSHOW 0

BGHIDE Hides the BG screen

Format BGHIDE Layer
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Examples BGHIDE 0

BGCLIP Specifies the display area of the BG screen

Format BGCLIP Layer [,Starting point X,Starting point Y,End point X,End point Y]
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Start point X,Y Start point coordinates (in pixels) of the display area
Arguments
- End point coordinates (in pixels) of the display area
End point X,Y
- If the start and end points are omitted, the whole layer will be the display area
Examples BGCLIP 0,20,20,379,219

Sets the display origin of a layer

BGHOME (1) - Origin for rotation and scaling of the BG screen
Format BGHOME Layer,Position X,Position Y
Arguments Layer   Target layer number: 0-3
Position X,Y Origin coordinates in pixel units
Examples BGHOME 0,200,120

BGHOME (2) Gets the display origin of a layer

Format BGHOME Layer OUT HX,HY
Arguments Layer Target origin number: 0-3
Return Values HX,HY Variables to receive the coordinates of the reference point
Examples BGHOME 0 OUT HX,HY

BGOFS (1) Changes the display offset of the BG screen

Format BGOFS Layer,X,Y,[Z]
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Arguments X,Y Display offset coordinates in pixels
Z Coordinate in the depth direction (Rear:1024 < Screen surface:0 < Front:-256)
Examples BGOFS 0,-100,-100

BGOFS (2) Gets BG coordinates

Format BGOFS Layer OUT X,Y[,Z]
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
X,Y Variables to receive the coordinates
Return Values
Z Variable to receive the depth information
Examples BGOFS 0 OUT X,Y,Z

BGROT (1) Rotates the BG screen

Format BGROT Layer,Angle
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Arguments
Angle Rotation angle (clockwise): 0-360
Examples BGROT 0,180

BGROT (2) Gets rotation information from the BG screen

Format BGROT Layer OUT R
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Return Values Angle R: 0-360
Examples BGROT 0 OUT R

Scales the BG screen

BGSCALE (1) - When scaled down, BGs exceeding 3600 in total will not be displayed
- If this display limit is exceeded, the BG screen will be distorted
Format BGSCALE Layer,Enlargement scale X,Enlargement scale Y
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Arguments Enlargement scale
0.5 (50%) - 1.0 (100%) - 2.0(200%) -
X,Y
Examples BGSCALE 0,1.5,2.0

BGSCALE (2) Gets scale-up/down information from the BG screen

Format BGSCALE Layer OUT SX,SY
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Return Values SX,SY 0.5 (50%) - 1.0 (100%) - 2.0(200%) -
Examples BGSCALE 0 OUT SX,SY

Places a BG character on the BG screen

BGPUT No image will be displayed for character number 0
Format BGPUT Layer,X,Y,Screen data
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
X,Y Coordinates to place the character at (0 - the value specified with BGSCREEN minus 1)
|b00| ↑
|   | Character number (0-4095, repeated at the cycle of 1024)
|b11| ↓
|b12| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b12 and b13)
Arguments
|b13| ↓[ 00 = 0 degrees, 01 = 90 degrees, 10 = 180 degrees, 11 = 270 degrees ]
Screen Data
|b14| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON)
|b15| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON)

- 16-bit numerical value that specifies the character number and the rotation information
- A 4-digit hexadecimal string can also be specified ("0000"-"FFFF")
BGPUT 0,0,0,5
Examples
BGPUT 0,20,15,"80FF"
BGFILL Fills the BG screen with a BG character
Format BGFILL Layer,Start point X,Start point Y,End point X,End point Y,Screen data
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Start point coordinates (Each coordinate: 0 - the value specified with the BGSCREEN
Start point X,Y
instruction minus 1)
End point coordinates (Each coordinate: 0 - the value specified with the BGSCREEN instruction
End point X,Y
minus 1)
|b00| ↑
| | Character number (0-4095, repeated at the cycle of 1024)
Arguments |b11| ↓
|b12| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b12 and b13)
Screen Data |b13| ↓[ 00 = 0 degrees, 01 = 90 degrees, 10 = 180 degrees, 11 = 270 degrees ]
|b14| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON)
|b15| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON)

- 16-bit numerical value that specifies the character number and the rotation information
- A 4-digit hexadecimal string can also be specified ("0000"-"FFFF")
BGFILL 0,0,0,19,15,1024
Examples
BGFILL 0,5,5,10,10,"C040"

BGGET Gets information on a BG character on the BG screen

Format Variable=BGGET( Layer, X, Y [,Coordinate system flag] )
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Coordinates to get the BG character from (Coordinate values differ depending on the coordinate
X,Y
system flag described below)
Arguments
Coordinate system
0: Treats X-, Y-coordinates as the BG screen coordinates (in character units)
flag (If omitted,
1: Treats X-, Y-coordinates as the screen coordinates (in pixel units)
0)
|b00| ↑
| | Character number (0-4095, repeated at cycles of 1024)
|b11| ↓
|b12| ↑Rotation by 90 degrees (Specified with two bits: b12 and b13)
Return Values |b13| ↓#BGROT0, #BGROT90, #BGROT0180, #BGROT270
|b14| Horizontal inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #BGREVH
|b15| Vertical inversion (0=OFF, 1=ON), #BGREVV

Screen data
Examples C=BGGET(0,12,14)

Displays animation with BG (using animation data specified with an array)

- Animation waits for a specified time, according to the value input
BGANIM (1) - Animation starts from the frame following BGANIM
- Up to 32 pieces of data will be accepted for each target element
- If a negative value is specified for time, linear interpolation from the previous value will occur
Format BGANIM Layer,"Animation target",Data array [,Loop]
Layer Number of the layer for which to set the animation: 0-3
Numerical value or character string to control the elements that should change
- 0 or "XY": XY-coordinates
- 1 or "Z": Z-coordinates
- 4 or "R": Rotation angle
- 5 or "S": Magnification XY
Animation target - 6 or "C": Display color
Arguments
- 7 or "V": Variable (Value of BG internal variable 7)
- Adding 8 to the target numerical value will cause the value to be treated as being relative
to the run time
- Suffixing the character string with "+" will also cause the value to be treated as being
relative to the run time
Data array One-dimensional numerical value array storing the animation data
Loop Loop count: (1-) The value 0 specifies an endless loop
Animation data should be provided in a numerical value array in the following order (Up to 32 pieces of data):
Data Arrays
Time 1, Item 1,[Item2,] Time 2,Item 1,[Item 2,]…
DIM PANIM[ 6 ]
PANIM[0] = -60 'frame(-60=smooth)
PANIM[1] = 200 'offset X,Y
PANIM[2] = 100
Examples
PANIM[3] = -30 'frame
PANIM[4] = 50 'offset
PANIM[5] = 20
BGANIM 0,"XY",PANIM

Displays animation using the BG (Specifying animation data with the DATA instruction)
- Animation waits for a specified time, according to the value input
BGANIM (2) - Animation starts from the frame following BGANIM
- Up to 32 pieces of data will be accepted for each target element
- If a negative value is specified for time, linear interpolation from the previous value will occur
Format BGANIM Layer,"Animation target","@Label string" [,Loop]
Layer Number of the layer for which to set the animation: 0-3
Numerical value or character string to control the elements that should change
- 0 or "XY": XY-coordinates
- 1 or "Z": Z-coordinate
- 4 or "R": Rotation angle
- 5 or "S": Magnification XY
Animation target - 6 or "C": Display color
- 7 or "V": Variable (Value of BG internal variable 7)
Arguments
- Adding 8 to the target numerical value will cause the value to be treated as being relative
to the run time
- Suffixing the character string with "+" will also cause the value to be treated as being
relative to the run time
- First label of the DATA instruction storing the animation data
@Label string - This should be specified as a character string by enclosing the @Label name in " (or as a
string variable)
Loop Loop count: (1-) The value 0 specifies an endless loop
Animation data should be provided in the DATA instruction in the following order:
DATA Number of key frames (maximum: 32)
Data DATA Time 1,Item 1[,Item 2]
DATA Time 2,Item 1[,Item 2]
  :
@MOVDATA
DATA 2 'counter
Examples DATA -60,200,100 'frame,offset
DATA -30,50,20 'frame,offset
BGANIM 0,"XY","@MOVDATA"
 Displays animation using the BG (Specifying animation data with arguments directly)
- Animation waits for a specified time, according to the value input
BGANIM (3) - Animation starts from the frame following BGANIM
- Up to 32 pieces of data will be accepted for each target element
- If a negative value is specified for time, linear interpolation from the previous value will occur
Format BGANIM Layer,"Animation target",Time 1,Item 1[,Item 2] [,Time 2,Item 1[,Item 2]]… [,Loop]
Layer Number of the layer for which to set the animation: 0-3
Numerical value or character string to control the elements that should change
- 0 or "XY": XY-coordinates
- 1 or "Z": Z-coordinate
- 4 or "R": Rotation angle
- 5 or "S": Magnification XY
Animation target - 6 or "C": Display color
Arguments
- 7 or "V": Variable (Value of BG internal variable 7)
- Adding 8 to the target numerical value will cause the value to be treated as relative to the
run time
- Suffixing the character string with "+" will also cause the value to be treated as relative
to the run time/td>
Time, Item - Animation data itself (Up to 32 necessary data items can be listed)
Loop Loop count: (1-) The value 0 specifies an endless loop
Examples BGANIM 0,"XY", -60,200,100, -30,50,20

BGSTOP Stops BG animation

Format BGSTOP [Layer]
Target layer number: 0-3
Arguments Layer
* If the layer is omitted, animation of all layers will be stopped.
Examples BGSTOP

BGSTART Starts BG animation

Format BGSTART [Layer]
Target layer number: 0-3
Arguments Layer
* If the layer is omitted, animation of all layers will be started.
Examples BGSTART

BGCHK Gets BG animation status

Format Variable=BGCHK( Layer )
Arguments Layer Number of the layer to check: 0-3
|b00| XY-coordinates (1), #CHKXY
|b01| Z-coordinate (2), #CHKZ
|b02|
|b03|
|b04| Rotation (16), #CHKR
Return Values
|b05| Magnification XY (32), #CHKS
|b06| Display color (64), #CHKC
|b07| Variable (128), #CHKV

A target is assigned for each bit (If 0 is assigned for all bits, animation is being stopped)
ST=BGCHK(0)
'|b00|#CHKXY
'|b01|#CHKZ
Examples '|b04|#CHKR
'|b05|#CHKS
'|b06|#CHKC
'|b07|#CHKV

Writes to a BG internal variable

BGVAR (1) User variables; there are eight variables for each BG layer
Format BGVAR Layer,Internal variable number,Numerical value
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Internal variable
Arguments Number of the internal variable: 0-7
number
Numerical value Numerical value to register with the internal variable
Examples BGVAR 0,7,1

Reads a BG internal variable (function type)

BGVAR (2) User variables; there are eight variables for each BG layer
Format Variable=BGVAR( Layer number,Internal variable number )
Arguments Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Internal variable
Number of the internal variable: 0-7
number
Return Values Value written with BGVAR
Examples V=BGVAR(0,5)

Reads a BG internal variable

BGVAR (3) - User variables; there are eight variables for each BG layer
Format BGVAR Layer,Internal variable number OUT V
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Arguments Internal variable
Number of the internal variable: 0-7
number
Return Values V Numerical value variable that returns the value of the internal variable
Examples BGVAR 0,5 OUT V

BGCOPY Copies from the BG screen in character units

Format BGCOPY Layer,Start point X,Start point Y, End point X,End point Y, Transfer destination X,Transfer destination Y
Layer Target layer number: 0-3
Start point X,Y Start and End point coordinates of the copy source (0 - the value specified with BGSCREEN
Arguments End point X,Y minus 1)
Transfer Start point coordinates of the copy destination (0 - the value specified with BGSCREEN minus
destination X,Y 1)
Examples BGCOPY 2,0,0,32,32,0,0

BGLOAD Copies BG data from an array to the BG screen

Format BGLOAD Layer, [Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height,] Numerical value array
Layer Layer number of the copy destination range: 0-3
Start point
Start point coordinates (character coordinates) of the copy destination range
X,Start point Y
Arguments - Width and height (in character units) of the copy destination range
Width, Height
- If the range specification is omitted, the whole BG screen will be the display area.
Numerical value
Numerical value array containing the BG data stored with BGSAVE
array
Examples BGLOAD 0, 0,0,30,10, BGARRAY
 BGSAVE Copies the contents of the BG screen to a numerical value array
Format BGSAVE Layer, [Start point X,Start point Y,Width,Height,] Numerical value array
Layer Layer number of the copy source: 0-3
Start point
Start point coordinates (character coordinates) of the copy source range
X,Start point Y
- Width and height (in character units) of the copy source range
Arguments Width, Height
- If the range specification is omitted, the whole BG screen will be the display area
- Numerical value array to which to copy the data
Numerical value
- For one-dimensional arrays only, if the array is insufficient, the required element(s) will
array
be added automatically
DIM BGARRAY[30*10]
Examples
BGSAVE 0, 0,0,30,10, BGARRAY

BGCOORD Converts display coordinates to BG screen coordinates, or vice versa

Format BGCOORD Layer,Source X-coordinate,Source Y-coordinate[,Mode]OUT DX,DY
Layer Layer number: 0-3
Source X-, Y-
Coordinates to convert (BG character coordinates or display coordinates)
coordinates
Conversion mode: 0-2
Arguments
0: Converts BG screen coordinates to display coordinates
Mode
1: Converts display coordinates to BG screen coordinates (in character units)
2: Converts display coordinates to BG screen coordinates (in pixel units)
DX,DY Variable to store the converted coordinates (BG character coordinates or display coordinates)
Examples BGCOORD 0,BGX,BGY,0 OUT DX,DY

BGCOLOR (1) Sets the BG display color

Format BGCOLOR Layer, Color code
Arguments Management number Layer number: 0-3
- 32-bit color code in the ARGB=8888 format
- The RGB function is useful for this specification: RGB( R,G,B )
Color code - Unlike with sprites, the alpha value is not valid (Semitransparent representation is not
allowed)
- The actual display color will be the color code multiplied by the original pixel color.
Examples BGCOLOR 1,RGB(255,0,0) 'R=255,G=0,B=0

BGCOLOR (2) Gets the BG display color

Format BGCOLOR Layer OUT C32
Arguments Layer Layer number: 0-3
Return Values C32 Variable that returns the current color code (32-bit ARGB)
Examples BGCOLOR 1 OUT C

Assigns a callback process to a BG layer

- An instruction for advanced users that is used when callback processing is required
BGFUNC - All BG layer processes are executed with CALL BG
- Instead of @Label, a user process defined using DEF can also be specified
- At the processing target, a management number can be obtained using a CALLIDX system variable
Format BGFUNC Layer, @Label
Layer Layer number: 0-3
Arguments
@Label The label of the process target (or a user-defined process)
Examples BGFUNC 0,@LAYERSUB0

Sound
Functions for playing back music and sound effects, setting effectors, and generating synthesized voice

BEEP Generates a simple alarm sound or sound effect

Format BEEP [Sound effect number][,Frequency][,Volume][,Pan pot]
Sound effect - Type of sound to generate: Preset sound 0-133
number - A list of preset sounds can be viewed by pressing the SMILE button
Arguments Frequency - Frequency value to change to: -32768 to 32767 (One halftone per 100)
Volume - Volume level for playback: 0-127
Pan pot - Stereo pan pot specification: 0 (Left) - 64 (Center) - 127 (Right)
Examples BEEP 20

BGMCHK Checks music playback status

Format Variable=BGMCHK( [Track number] )
Arguments Track number Track number: 0-7 (If omitted, 0)
Return Values FALSE = Stopped, TRUE = Playing
Examples RET=BGMCHK(0)

BGMCLEAR Clears a user-defined piece of music

Format BGMCLEAR [User-defined tune number]
User-defined tune
Arguments Tune number: 128-255 (If omitted, all defined tunes will be cleared)
number
Examples BGMCLEAR

Plays music (Plays back registered BGM)

- Up to 8 tunes can be played simultaneously (The total maximum number of sounds that can be generated
BGMPLAY (1) simultaneously is 16)
- See the second page for information on how to play music using MML
Format BGMPLAY [Track number,] Tune number [,Volume]
Track number Track number to play back: 0-7 (If omitted, number 0)
- Preset tune: 0-42
Arguments Tune number - User-defined tune: 128-255
- A list of preset sounds can be viewed by pressing the SMILE button.
Volume Volume level for playback: 0-127
Examples BGMPLAY 0
 Plays music (Plays back the input MML data)
- MML playback is performed in track 0
BGMPLAY (2) - The MML tune will overwrite user-defined tune number 255
- Executing immediately after BGMPLAY will cause a delay of approx. 2 frames
Format BGMPLAY "MML string"
- Pressing the Help button for "MML" will display descriptions of MML commands
- You can register a character string to play by listing the following symbols:

:0 - :15  Channel specification

T1 - T512 Tempo specification
CDEFGAB   Scale (C# is a halftone higher; C- is a halftone lower)
N0 - N127 Key value specification (O4C=60)
1 - 192   Individual tone length specification (C1 = Whole note, C4. = Dotted quarter note)
L1 - L192 Default tone length (. should be used for dotted notes)
R Rest
O0 - O8   Octave number specification
Arguments MML string
< > One octave up or down
V0 - V127 Volume level value specification
( ) Volume up or down
@0 - @255 Tone change (0 - 127: Equivalent to GM, 224-: User-defined waveform)
P0 - P127 Pan pot (Left: P0-63 Center: P64 Right: P65-127)
[ Repeat start
] Number of times Repeat end (If the number of times is omitted, the loop will be
endless)
& Connects the preceding/succeeding notes
_ Portamento
Examples BGMPLAY "T120O4L4CC8D8EE8F8GA8G8E2"

Predefines a user-defined piece of music

BGMSET Executing immediately after BGMPLAY will cause a delay of approx. 2 frames
Format BGMSET User-defined tune number,"MML string"
User-defined tune
Arguments User-defined tune number: 128-255
number
MML string Pressing the Help button for "MML" will display the description of MML commands
Examples BGMSET 128,"CDEFG"

Predefines a user-defined tune

- The DATA instruction should be used for internal registration of MML ( DATA "CDEFGAB" )
- The end of DATA is determined according to the numerical value ( DATA 0 )
BGMSETD - Internally, this is handled in the same way as RESTORE
- RESTORE must be used to READ the data after BGMSETD
- Executing immediately after BGMPLAY will cause a delay of approx. 2 frames
Format BGMSETD User-defined tune number,"@Label string"
User-defined tune
Arguments User-defined tune number: 128-255
number
- A label string where an MML string has been registered with DATA
@Label string - Should be specified by enclosing the string in " or by assigning it to a string variable
- Pressing the Help button for "MML" will display the description of MML commands
Examples BGMSETD 128,"@MMLTOP"

BGMVAR (1) Writes to an MML internal variable

Format BGMVAR Track number, Variable number, Value
Track number Target MML track number: 0-7
Arguments Variable number Internal variable to which to write a value: 0-7 ($0-$7 in MML)
Value Value to write to the variable
Examples BGMVAR 0,5,10

BGMVAR (2) Reads an MML internal variable

Format Variable=BGMVAR(Track number, Variable number )
Arguments Track number Target MML track number: 0-7
Variable number Internal variable from which to read the value: 0-7 ($0-$7 in MML)
Return Values Content of the specified variable during playback (When the music is stopped, -1)
Examples MC=BGMVAR(0,5)

BGMSTOP (1) Stops playing music

Format BGMSTOP [Track number [,Fading time]]
Arguments Track number Target track number: 0-7 (If omitted, all tracks will be stopped)
Fading time Seconds (Decimal fractions are allowed; 0 = Stop immediately; if omitted, handled as 0)
Examples BGMSTOP

Stops playing music

BGMSTOP (2) - Forces ongoing sounds such as release sounds to stop
- Executing this will cause user-defined BGM 255 to be overwritten
Format BGMSTOP -1
Arguments -1: Value for forcibly stopping sound
Examples BGMSTOP -1

BGMVOL Sets the volume for the specified track

Format BGMVOL [Track number,] Volume
Arguments Track number Target track number: 0-7 (If omitted, 0)
Volume Volume level to set: 0-127
Examples BGMVOL 0,64

WAVSET Defines the sound of an MML user-defined musical instrument

Format WAVSET Definition number,A,D,S,R,"Waveform string" [,Reference pitch]
- User-defined musical instrument number: 224-255
Definition number
- This number is specified with the MML @ command.
Envelope definition parameters
A: Attack (0-127)
A,D,S,R D: Decay (0-127)
S: Sustain (0-127)
Arguments R: Release (0-127)
- Hexadecimal string
- Two characters represent one sample value (8 bits)
Waveform string - &H00 - &H80 (128) - &HFF (255)
- 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, or 512 samples can be specified
- The number of characters should be twice the number of samples
Reference pitch If omitted, 69 (O4A)
W$="7F7F7F7FFFFFFFFF7F7F7F7FFFFFFFFF"*4
Examples
WAVSET 224,3,10,30,5,W$,69
 Defines the sound of an MML user-defined musical instrument from an array
WAVSETA - Used for sound definition from an array obtained with MICSAVE
- 8180Hz sampling rate, 8 bits fixed
Format WAVSETA Definition number,A,D,S,R,Numerical value array [,Reference pitch][,Start subscript][,End subscript]
- User-defined musical instrument number: 224-255
Definition number
- This number is specified with the MML @ command
Envelope definition parameters
A: Attack (0-127)
A,D,S,R D: Decay (0-127)
S: Sustain (0-127)
R: Release (0-127)
Arguments
Numerical value
Array obtained with the MICSAVE instruction (Up to 16384 samples)
array
Reference pitch If omitted, 69 (O4A)
Subscript of the element in the numerical value array at which to start reading (If omitted,
Start subscript
0)
Subscript of the element in the numerical value array at which to stop reading (If omitted,
End subscript
the last element)
Examples WAVSETA 224,0,95,100,20,SMPDATA

EFCOFF Turns off the effector setting

Format EFCOFF
Examples EFCOFF

Turns on the effector setting

EFCON The effect type should be selected with the EFCSET instruction
Format EFCON
Examples EFCON

EFCSET (1) Selects a music effect type

Format EFCSET Type number
0: No effect (Same as EFCOFF)
1: Reverb (Bathroom)
Arguments Type number
2: Reverb (Cave)
3: Reverb (Space)
Examples EFCSET 2

EFCSET (2) Sets effect parameters (For advanced users)

EFCSET Initial reflection time,Reverberation sound delay time,Reverberation sound decay time,Reverberation sound
Format filter coefficient 1,Reverberation sound filter coefficient 2,Initial reflection sound gain,Reverberation sound
gain
Initial reflection
0-2000 (msec)
time
Reverberation
0-2000 (msec)
sound delay time
Reverberation
1-10000 (msec)
sound decay time
Reverberation
sound filter 0.0-1.0
Arguments
coefficient 1
Reverberation
sound filter 0.0-1.0
coefficient 2
Initial reflection
0.0-1.0
sound gain
Reverberation
0.0-1.0
sound gain
Examples EFCSET 997,113,1265,0.1,0,0.2,0.1

EFCWET Sets the respective effect amounts for BEEP, BGM, and TALK
Format EFCWET BEEP effect value, BGM effect value, TALK effect value
BEEP effect value Effect amount for BEEP (0-127)
BGM effect value Effect amount for BGM (0-127)
Arguments
- Effect setting for TALK (Less than 64: OFF; 64 or greater: ON)
TALK effect value
- For TALK, the only available setting is ON/OFF; the amount does not change
Examples EFCWET 0,100,64

Generates synthesized speech

TALK Alphanumeric symbols are read out character-by-character
Format TALK "Voice string"
Arguments Voice string Synthesized speech string (Characters will be read out directly)
A special command enclosed with <> is available for use in strings
Special commands <S Speed>: Speech speed (Speed: 0-65536, default: 32768)
<P Pitch>: Tone pitch (Pitch: 0-65536, default: 32768)
Examples TALK "ABCDE<P50000><S20000>FGHIJKLM"

TALKCHK Checks the status of speech synthesis

Format Variable=TALKCHK()
Return Values FALSE = Stopped, TRUE = Playing
Examples RET=TALKCHK()

TALKSTOP Stops the synthesized speech currently playing

Format TALKSTOP
Examples TALKSTOP

Mathematics
Instructions for mathematical operations including trigonometric functions and logarithms
Gets the integer part (by rounding down to the whole number)
FLOOR - The largest integer that is not greater than the specified value will be obtained
- FLOOR(12.5) will be 12, while FLOOR(-12.5) will be -13
Format Variable = FLOOR( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Source numerical value
Return Values Integer value after rounding down
See Also ROUND: Round-off, CEIL: Round-up
Examples A=FLOOR(12.345)

ROUND Gets the integer part (by rounding off to the nearest whole number)
Format Variable = ROUND( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Source numerical value
Return Values Integer value after rounding off
See Also FLOOR: Round-down, CEIL: Round-up
Examples A=ROUND(12.345)
 Gets the integer part (by rounding up to the whole number)
CEIL - The smallest integer that is not less than the specified value will be obtained
- CEIL(12.5) will be 13, while CEIL(-12.5) will be -12
Format Variable = CEIL( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Source numerical value
Return Values Integer value after rounding up
See Also ROUND: Round-off, FLOOR: Round-down
Examples A=CEIL(12.345)

ABS Gets the absolute value

Format Variable = ABS( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Numerical value for which to get the absolute value
Return Values Absolute value
Examples A=ABS(-12.345)

SGN Gets the sign

Format Variable = SGN( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Numerical value for which to get the sign
Return Values 0 or ±1
Examples A=SGN(12.345)

MIN (1) Gets the smallest value in the specified numerical value array
Format Variable = MIN( Numerical value array )
Numerical value
Arguments Name of a numerical value array storing multiple numerical values
array
Return Values Smallest number in the passed arguments
DIM TMP[2]
Examples TMP[0]=50:TMP[1]=3
A=MIN(TMP)

MIN (2) Gets the smallest value from the specified multiple numerical values
Format Variable = MIN( Numerical value [,Numerical value…] )
Numerical values
Arguments enumerated   Enumerate multiple numerical values separated by commas
directly
Return Values   Smallest number in the passed arguments
Examples A=MIN(1,2,3,4)

MAX (1) Gets the largest value in the specified numerical value array
Format Variable = MAX( Numerical value array )
Numerical value
Arguments Name of a numerical value array storing multiple numerical values
array
Return Values Largest number in the passed arguments
DIM TMP[2]
Examples TMP[0]=50:TMP[1]=3
A=MAX(TMP)

MAX (2) Gets the largest value from the specified multiple numerical values
Format Variable = MAX( Numerical value [,Numerical value…] )
Numerical values
Arguments enumerated Enumerate multiple numerical values separated by commas
directly
Return Values Largest number in the passed arguments
Examples A=MAX(1,2,3,4)

RND Gets an integer random number (0 - the maximum value minus 1)

Format Variable = RND( [ Seed ID, ] Maximum value )
Arguments Seed ID Random number series: 0-7
Maximum value Upper limit of the random number to be obtained
Return Values Integer random number in the range 0 - the maximum value minus 1
Examples A=RND(100)

RNDF Gets a real-type random number (a real-type random number greater than 0 and less than 1.0)
Format Variable = RNDF( [ Seed ID ] )
Arguments Seed ID Random number series: 0-7
Return Values Real-type random number greater than 0 and less than 1
Examples A=RNDF()

RANDOMIZE Initializes a random number series

Format RANDOMIZE Seed ID [, Seed value ]
Arguments Seed ID Random number series type: 0-7
Seed value If 0 or omitted, initialization will be performed using available entropy information
Examples RANDOMIZE 0

SQR Finds the positive square root

Format Variable = SQR( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Numerical value for which to find the square root
Return Values Positive square root found
Examples A=SQR(4)

EXP Exponentiates e (natural logarithm base)

Format Variable = EXP( [ Numerical value ] )
Arguments Numerical value Exponent (* If omitted, e will be returned.)
Return Values Exponentiation result
Examples A=EXP(2)

LOG Finds the logarithm

Format Variable = LOG( Numerical value [,Base ] )
Arguments Numerical value Antilogarithm
Base Base (* If omitted, the natural logarithm will be found.)
Return Values Result found
Examples A=LOG(2,2)

POW Exponentiates a value

Format Variable = POW( Numerical value, Multiplier )
Arguments Numerical value Numerical value to exponentiate
Multiplier Exponentiation multiplier
Return Values Exponentiation result
Examples A=POW(1,4)
 PI Gets the circumference ratio
Format Variable = PI()
Return Values Circumference ratio value (3.14159265)
Examples A=PI()

RAD Finds the radian value from a degree value

Format Variable = RAD( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Degrees: 0-360
Return Values Radian value found from the degree value
Examples R=RAD(45)

DEG Finds the degree value from a radian value

Format Variable = DEG( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Radian value
Return Values Degree value found from the radian value
Examples A=DEG(0.5*PI())

SIN Returns the sine value

Format Variable = SIN( Angle )
Arguments Angle Radian
Return Values Value found
Examples A=SIN( RAD(45) )

COS Returns the cosine value

Format Variable = COS( Angle )
Arguments Angle Radian
Return Values Value found
Examples A=COS( RAD(45) )

TAN Returns the tangent value

Format Variable = TAN( Angle )
Arguments Angle Radian
Return Values Value found
Examples A=TAN( RAD(45) )

ASIN Returns the arc sine value

Format Variable = ASIN( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value -1.0 to 1.0
Return Values Arc sine (radian) value found
Examples A=ASIN(0)

ACOS Returns the arc cosine value

Format Variable = ACOS( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value -1.0 to 1.0
Return Values Arc cosine (radian) value found
Examples A=ACOS(1)

ATAN (1) Returns the arc tangent value (from numerical values)
Format Variable = ATAN( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Numerical value from which to find the angle
Return Values Arc tangent (radian) value found
Examples A=ATAN(1)

ATAN (2) Returns the arc tangent value (from XY-coordinates)

Format Variable = ATAN( Y-coordinate,X-coordinate )
- X-,Y-coordinates from the origin
Arguments Y-,X-coordinates
- The Y-coordinate should be input first
Return Values Arc tangent (radian) value found
Examples A=ATAN(1,1)

SINH Returns the hyperbolic sine value

Format Variable = SINH( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Real-type number for which to find the hyperbolic sine
Return Values Hyperbolic sine value found
Examples A=SINH(1)

COSH Returns the hyperbolic cosine value

Format Variable = COSH( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Real-type number for which to find the hyperbolic cosine
Return Values Hyperbolic cosine value found
Examples A=COSH(1)

TANH Returns the hyperbolic tangent value

Format Variable = TANH( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Real-type number for which to find the hyperbolic tangent
Return Values Hyperbolic tangent value found
Examples A=TANH(0.5)

CLASSIFY Determines whether a given number is an ordinary numerical value, infinity, or not-a-number (NaN)
Format Variable = CLASSIFY( Numerical value )
Arguments Numerical value Real number to check
Return Values 0 = Ordinary numerical value, 1 = Infinity, 2 = NaN
Examples A=CLASSIFY(0.5)

Operations on strings
Instructions for specifying display formats for strings, extracting strings, etc.

ASC Gets a character code for the specified character (or string variable)
Format Variable = ASC( "Character" )
Arguments Character Character string (or string variable) storing the character to check
Return Values Character code (UTF-16) for the specified character
Examples A=ASC("A")

CHR$ Returns the character for the specified character code

Format String variable = CHR$( Character code )
Arguments Character code Number (UTF-16) that corresponds to a character
Return Values Character that corresponds to the character code
Examples S$=CHR$(65)
VAL Gets a numerical value from a character string
Format Variable = VAL( "Character string" )
Arguments Character string A character string representing a number (e.g., "123"), or a string variable
Return Values Numerical value interpreted from the character string
Examples A=VAL("123")

STR$ Gets a character string from a numerical value

Format String variable = STR$( Numerical value [,Number of digits] )
Arguments Numerical value Numerical value to convert to a character string
- Should be specified when right-justification with a certain number of digits is desired
Number of digits - When the number of digits in the numerical value is greater than the specified number of
digits, the specification will be ignored
Return Values Character string generated from the numerical value (123 → "123")
Examples S$=STR$( 123 )

HEX$ Gets a hexadecimal string from a numerical value

Format String variable = HEX$( Numerical value [,Number of digits] )
Numerical value from which to get a hexadecimal string (The fractional part should be
Arguments Numerical value
truncated)
- Number of digits in the hexadecimal string to output
Number of digits
- If specified, the string will be padded with leading zeros before being returned
Return Values Hexadecimal string generated from the numerical value (255 → "FF")
Examples S$=HEX$(65535,4)

FORMAT$ Stringizes values by using display formats to shape them

Format Variable$ = FORMAT$( "Format string", Value ,… )
%S: Outputs the content of the string variable
Format string
%D: Outputs integers in decimal
(Multiple formats
%X: Outputs integers in hexadecimal
can be enumerated)
%F: Outputs real numbers
The following supplemental specifications can be used after % to shape output
- Specification of the number of digits: A value indicating the number of digits should be
specified (%8D, %4X)
Supplemental - Specification of the number of fractional digits: Should be specified as (number of digits
Arguments
specifications for in the integer part).(number of digits in the fractional part) (%8.2F)
format strings - Space-padding: A space character and the number of digits should be specified (% 4D → 0)
- Zero-padding: 0 and the number of digits should be specified (%08D → 00000000)
- Left alignment: A "-" sign and the number of digits should be specified (%-8D)
- Displaying the + sign: A "+" sign and the number of digits should be specified (%+8D)
- Source value to shape
Value - An adequate number of values corresponding to the elements specified in the formats should
be enumerated, separated by commas (,)
Return Values Character string generated
Examples S$=FORMAT$("%06D",A)

LEN Gets the number of characters in a character string/Gets the number of elements in an array
Format >Variable = LEN( "Character string" or Array variable )
For a character Character string, or the name of the string variable, in which to check the number of
Arguments
string characters
For an array
Name of the array variable in which to check the number of elements
variable
- For a character string: Number of characters (All characters will be counted as one character)
Return Values
- For an array variable: Number of elements
Examples A=LEN("ABC123")

Extracts a character string with the specified number of characters from the specified position in the specified
MID$ character string
Format String variable = MID$( "Character string", Start position, Number of characters )
Character string Source character string
Start position Position (in character units) from which to start extracting a character string
Arguments
Number of
Number of characters to extract
characters
Return Values Character string extracted
Examples S$=MID$("ABC",0,2)

Extracts a character string with the specified number of characters from the left end of the specified character
LEFT$ string
Format String variable = LEFT$( "Character string", Number of characters )
Arguments Character string Source character string
Number of
Number of characters to extract
characters
Return Values Character string extracted
Examples S$=LEFT$("ABC",2)

Extracts a character string with the specified number of characters from the right end of the specified character
RIGHT$ string
Format Variable$ = RIGHT$( "Character string", Number of characters )
Arguments Character string Source character string
Number of
Number of characters to extract
characters
Return Values Character string extracted
Examples S$=RIGHT$("ABC",2)

INSTR Searches for the target character string in another character string
Format Variable = INSTR( [Start position,] "Character string to search in", "Character string to search" )
- Position (in character units, larger than or equal to 0) in the source character string from
Start position which to start searching
- If omitted, the search will be started from the beginning of the source string
Arguments Character string
Source character string
to search in
Character string
Character string to search for in the source character string
to search for
- If the search string is found: Position in the source string (in character units)
Return Values
- Otherwise: -1
Examples A=INSTR( 0, "ABC","B" )
 SUBST$ Substitutes one character string with another string
Format String variable = SUBST$( "Character string", Start position, [Number of characters,] "Substitute string" )
Character string Source character string
Position in the source character string from which to start substitution (0 - Number of
Start position
characters minus 1)
- Number of characters to substitute with another string
Arguments Number of
- If omitted, all characters after the substitution start position will be replaced with the
characters
substitute string
The specified number of characters from the start position will be substituted with this
Substitute string
string
Return Values Character string after the substitution
Examples A$=SUBST$( "ABC",0,2,"XY" )

Source code manipulation
Functions for writing program strings into specified SLOTs

PRGEDIT Specifies the program SLOT to manipulate, and the current line
Format PRGEDIT Program SLOT [,Line number]
- Program SLOT to manipulate: 0-3
Arguments Program SLOT
- Specifying the SLOT currently running will give an error
- Line to manipulate (Current line)
Line number - If this is omitted, the first line will be the current line
- If -1 is specified for the line number, the current line will be the last line
Examples PRGEDIT 0

PRGGET$ Gets the current single line as a character string

Format String variable=PRGGET$()
Return Values Source character string of the current line (or an empty string if there is no applicable line)
Examples A$=PRGGET$()

Substitutes the contents of the current line with the specified string
PRGSET If PRGGET$ has returned an empty string, a line will be added
Format PRGSET "Character string"
Arguments Character string Character string to substitute the current line with
Examples PRGSET "'Comment"

Inserts a line in the current line

PRGINS For a character string including the line feed code CHR$(10), multiple lines will be inserted
Format PRGINS "Character string" [,Flag]
Arguments Character string Source character string to insert
1 = Inserts a line after the current line
Flag
0 = Inserts a line before the current line (If omitted = 0, before the current line)
Examples PRGINS "PRINT "+CHR$(34)+"HELLO"+CHR$(34)

PRGDEL Deletes the current line

Format PRGDEL [Number of lines to delete]
Number of lines to - Number of lines to delete (If omitted, one line will be deleted)
Arguments
delete - If a negative value is specified, all lines will be deleted
Examples PRGDEL

PRGSIZE Gets the number of lines in the source code

Format Variable=PRGSIZE( [Program SLOT [,Type of value to get]] )
Arguments Program SLOT Program SLOT from which to get the number of lines: 0-3
Type of value to
0 = Number of lines, 1 = number of characters, 2 = number of free characters (Default: 0)
get
Return Values Type-appropriate value
Examples A=PRGSIZE(0)

Program file name

PRGNAME$ File that has been handled with the LOAD/SAVE instruction
Format String variable=PRGNAME$([Program SLOT])
Arguments Program SLOT Program SLOT from which to get the file name: 0-3
- Program file name
- When a program is running, the SLOT in which it is running
- When no program is running, the "SLOT of the last program run"
Return Values
- The "SLOT of the last program run" is usually SLOT 0
- If a running program has been suspended with the STOP instruction or the START button, or if an error has
occurred, the SLOT at that time will be the “SLOT of the last program run” and will remain so until the next RUN
Examples PRINT PRGNAME$(0)

Bit Operations
Instructions for performing a bit operation to numerical values

MOD Gets the remainder of Numerical value 1 divided by Numerical value 2

Format Variable=Numerical value 1 MOD Numerical value 2
Arguments Numerical value 1 Number (or expression) to divide
Numerical value 2 Number (or expression) to divide by (Dividing by zero gives an error)
Examples A=200 MOD 5

DIV Gets the integer value of Numerical value 1 divided by Numerical value 2
Format Variable=Numerical value 1 DIV Numerical value 2
Arguments Numerical value 1 Number (or expression) to divide
Numerical value 2 Number (or expression) to divide by (Dividing by zero gives an error)
Examples A=200 DIV 5

AND Logical AND of Numerical value 1 and Numerical value 2 (Multiplication of bits)
Format Variable=Numerical value 1 AND Numerical value 2
Arguments Numerical value 1 Bit string 1
Numerical value 2 Bit string 2
Examples A=200 AND &HE7

OR Logical OR of Numerical value 1 and Numerical value 2 (Addition of bits)

Format Variable=Numerical value 1 OR Numerical value 2
Arguments Numerical value 1 Bit string 1
Numerical value 2 Bit string 2
Examples A=128 OR &HA3

XOR Exclusive OR of Numerical value 1 and Numerical value 2 (If the values are the same, 0; if not, inversion)
Format Variable=Numerical value 1 XOR Numerical value 2
Arguments Numerical value 1 Bit string 1
Numerical value 2 Bit string 2
Examples A=100 XOR &H4C
 << Shifts a numerical value to the left by the specified number of bits
Format Variable=Numerical value << Number of times
Arguments Numerical value Bit string 1
Number of times Number of bit shifts
Examples A=100 << 2

>> Shifts a numerical value to the right by the specified number of bits
Format Variable=Numerical value >> Number of times
Arguments Numerical value Bit string 1
Number of times Number of bit shifts
Examples A=100 >> 2

MML
Commands for MML (Music Macro Language)

MML (1) Commands for controlling whole tunes

Channel
:0 - :15 (A colon [:] followed by a channel number should be specified)
specification
Tempo
T1 - T512
specification
'--- Chord of Do Mi Sol with tempo 120
Examples
BGMPLAY "T120:0CCC:1EEE:2GGG"

MML (2) Commands and notations for controlling tone length

Specification of
default tone L1 - L192 These specifications will change the subsequent default tone length
length
To play a tone with a length other than the default tone length, change the tone length by
inputting the length specification after the pitch symbol
e.g., Specify the length of Do directly
C1 (Whole note of Do)
Individual tone C2 (Half note of Do)
length C4 (Quarter note of Do)
specification◆ C8 (Eighth note of Do)
C16 (Sixteenth note of Do)
C32 (Thirty-second note of Do)
C1. - C32. (Dotted note representations of Do)
* Triplets should be specified as C12C12C12, C24C24C24, etc.
& Connects the preceding/succeeding notes ()
Playing technique
_ Portamento ()
Note duration
ratio (gate) Q0 - Q8 Smaller numbers give a greater impression of breaks between successive tones
setting

MML (3) Commands for controlling (tone) pitch.

C (Do)
D (Re)
E (Mi)
Scale
F (Fa)
specification
G (Sol)
A (La)
B (Ti)
Halftone higher C# D# E# F# G# A# B#
Halftone lower C- D- E- F- G- A- B-
R * Can be used in the same way as scales.
Rest◆
e.g., R4 (Quarter-note rest)
Octave
O0 - O8 Octave number specification
specification
One octave up <
One octave down >
Inversion of
octave ! * Specifying this causes the <> symbols to be handled in reverse.
specification
Key value
N0 - N127 * O4C=60; one increment/decrement per halftone.
specification◆
'--- Do Do Re Mi Fa Sol Sol La Ti Ti Ti Ti
Examples
BGMPLAY "CCDEFGGABBBB"

MML (4) Commands for controlling sound volume and localization

Volume
V0 - V127 Volume level value specification
specification◆
One volume level
(
up
One volume level
)
down
P0 - P127 Determines the position between the speakers from which the sound is heard
Pan pot◆ (localization)
Left: P0 - P63 Center: P64 Right: P65 - P127
@E + A,D,S,R values Sets the change in volume from sound generation to attenuation
A (Attack time): 0-127
D (Decay time): 0-127
Envelope setting
S (Sustain level): 0-127
R (Release time): 0-127 * The smaller each time value, the slower it is.
e.g., @E127,100,30,100
Envelope resetting @ER Releases the envelope
MML (5) Commands for controlling tone changes
@0 - @127 Equivalent to GM (Can be checked using the SMILETOOL)
@128 Standard drum set
@129 Electric drum set
Instrument sound
@144 - @150 PSG sound sources
changes
@151 Noise sound source
@224 - @255 User-defined waveforms (Those registered with WAVSET)
@256 - Sound effects provided for BEEP
B1 Acoustic Bass Drum 2 (909BD)
C2 Acoustic Bass Drum 1 (808BDTom)
C2# Side Stick(808RimShot)
D2 Acoustic Snare (808SD)
D2# Hand Clap
E2 Electric Snare (909SD)
F2 Low Floor Tom (808TomLF)
F2# Closed Hi-hat(808CHH)
G2 High Floor Tom (808TomF)
G2# Pedal Hi-hat(808CHH)
A2 Low Tom (808TomL)
A2# Open Hi-hat(808OHH)
B2 Low-Mid Tom (808TomLM)
C3 High Mid Tom (808TomHM)
C3# Crash Cymbal 1(808Cymbal)
D3 High Tom (808TomH)
D3# Ride Cymbal 1
E3 Chinese Cymbal
F3 Ride Bell
F3# Tambourine
G3 Splash Cymbal
G3# Cowbell(808Cowbell)
A3 Crash Cymbal 2
@128 drum set
A3# Vibra-slap
(@129)
B3 Ride Cymbal 2
C4 High Bongo
C4# Low Bongo
D4 Mute Hi Conga (808CongaMute)
D4# Open Hi Conga(808CongaHi)
E4 Low Conga (808CongaLo)
F4 High Timbale
F4# Low Timbale
G4 High Agogo
G4# Low Agogo
A4 Cabasa
A4# Maracas(808Maracas)
B4 Short Whistle
C5 Long Whistle
C5# Short Guiro
D5 Long Guiro
D5# Claves(808Claves)
E5 Hi Wood Block
F5 Low Wood Block
F5# Mute Cuica
G5 Open Cuica
G5# Mute Triangle
A5 Open Triangle

Special effect commands used to give a subtle fluctuation to sounds and volume
MML (6) * @MA, @MP, and @ML cannot be used at the same time.
Start modulation @MON
Stop modulation @MOF
Detuning (fine
frequency
@D-128 to @D127 (-128 is a tone lower; +127 is a tone higher)
adjustment)
setting◆
@MA + Depth, Range, Speed, Delay values (0-127 for each)
Tremolo setting
e.g., @MA64,1,16,32
@MP + Depth, Range, Speed, Delay values (0-127 for each)
Vibrato setting
e.g., @MP64,1,16,32
Auto pan pot @ML + Depth, Range, Speed, Delay values (0-127 for each)
setting e.g., @ML100,1,8,0

MML (7) Special music playback commands.

Repeat start [
]Number of times * If the number of times is omitted, the loop will be endless.◆
Repeat end e.g., Complicated repeat to play CCC CCC DEF CCC CCC DEF
BGMPLAY "[[CCC]2DEF]2"
MML internal $0 - $7 MML internal variables
variable * In commands marked with ◆, these variables can be specified in place of numerical values.
specification e.g., $0=64 V$0 instead of V64
Value assignment $0=value - $7=value Assign values (0-255) to the variables
to MML internal * Variables being played back can be assigned a value or referenced with the BGMVAR
variables instruction.
{Label name=MML}
Can be used to reuse a melody or phrase repeatedly
Macro definition - Channel specification within the defined MML is not allowed
- For label names, up to eight alphanumerical characters can be used
- Reusing a label name for another definition is not allowed
Macro use {Label name} MML corresponding to the defined label will be expanded
'--- Play a rhythm using a macro
Examples
BGMPLAY "T240@128O2{PT0=CDEDCDE<G}[{PT0}]4"

Error Table
 If an error has occurred, the relevant information is stored in the system variable.
System Variable
ERRNUM (Error number)
for Error Handling
ERRLINE (Number of the line where the error occurred)
3: Syntax error (syntax does not follow the grammar rules)
4: Illegal function call (the number of arguments specified in an instruction or function is wrong)
5: Stack overflow (an overflow has occurred in the stack)
6: Stack underflow (an underflow has occurred in the stack)
7: Divide by zero (division by zero was attempted)
8: Type mismatch (an inconsistent variable type is specified)
9: Overflow (the calculation result exceeded the allowed range)
10: Out of range (a value outside the allowed range was specified)
11: Out of memory (sufficient memory area is not available)
12: Out of code memory (sufficient code memory area is not available)
13: Out of DATA (DATA that can be READ is insufficient)
14: Undefined label (the specified label could not be found)
15: Undefined variable (the specified variable could not be found)
16: Undefined function (the specified instruction/function could not be found)
17: Duplicate label (the same label has been defined twice)
18: Duplicate variable (the same variable has been defined twice)
19: Duplicate function (the same instruction/function has been defined twice)
20: FOR without NEXT (a FOR has no NEXT)
21: NEXT without FOR (a NEXT has no FOR)
22: REPEAT without UNTIL (a REPEAT has no UNTIL)
23: UNTIL without REPEAT (an UNTIL has no REPEAT)
24: WHILE without WEND (a WHILE has no WEND)
Common Errors 25: WEND without WHILE (a WEND has no WHILE)
26: THEN without ENDIF (a THEN has no ENDIF)
27: ELSE without ENDIF (an ELSE has no ENDIF)
28: ENDIF without IF (an ENDIF has no IF)
29: DEF without END (a DEF has no END)
30: RETURN without GOSUB (a RETURN has no GOSUB)
31: Subscript out of range (array subscripts are not within the allowed range)
32: Nested DEF (a DEF has been defined within another DEF)
33: Can't continue (the program cannot resume with CONT)
34: Illegal symbol string (a label string has been incorrectly described)
35: Illegal file format (the file is in a format that SmileBASIC cannot support)
36: Mic is not available (a microphone instruction was used without using XON MIC)
37: Motion sensor is not available (a motion instruction was used without using XON MOTION)
38: Use PRGEDIT before any PRG function (one of the PRG instructions was used without using PRGEDIT)
39: Animation is too long (animation definition is too long)
40: Illegal animation data (animation data is incorrect)
41: String too long (string is too long)
42: Communication buffer overflow (an overflow has occurred in the buffer for sending MPSEND)
43: Can't use from DIRECT mode (an instruction that does not work in DIRECT mode was used)
44: Can't use in program (an instruction that cannot be used in a program was used)
45: Can't use in tool program (an instruction that cannot be used from a tool program was used)
46: Load failed (failed to read the file)
47: Illegal MML (the MML [Music Macro Language] is incorrect)

System Variable
What is a System System variables are variables reserved in the system managed by SmileBASIC.
Variable? * Although they are primarily read-only, it is possible to populate values in some (they are writable).
CSRX 'Cursor position X
CSRY 'Cursor position Y
CSRZ 'Cursor position Z (depth)
FREEMEM 'Amount of free user memory available (in KB)
VERSION 'System version (&HXXYYZZZZ)
TABSTEP 'TAB movement amount (writable)
SYSBEEP 'System sound effects (writable, TRUE=allowed)
ERRNUM 'Error number
ERRLINE 'Line where an error occurred
ERRPRG 'Program SLOT where an error occurred
PRGSLOT 'Current program SLOT for the PRG instruction
RESULT 'Dialog result (TRUE/FALSE/-1=Suspended)
Examples
MAINCNT 'Number of frames since SmileBASIC was launched
MICPOS 'Current sampling location
MICSIZE 'Number of samples in the sampling buffer
MPCOUNT 'Number of participants in a session
MPHOST 'Host ID
MPLOCAL 'User ID
TRUE 'Always 1
FALSE 'Always 0
TIME$ 'Time string (HH:MM:SS)
DATE$ 'Date string (YYYY/MM/DD)
HARDWARE 'Hardware information (1=new3DS)
CALLIDX 'Number called by SPFUNC and BGFUNC

Constants
 - 32-bit numerical value definitions prepared in the system
# - Used instead of a numerical value in order to specify a color or handle a button
- e.g., IF BUTTON() AND (#A OR #B) THEN
'--- Generic
#ON    '1
#OFF   '0
#YES   '1
#NO    '0
#TRUE  '1
#FALSE '0
'--- RGB
#AQUA    '&HFF00F8F8
#BLACK   '&HFF000000
#BLUE    '&HFF0000FF
#CYAN    '&HFF0000F8
#FUCHSIA '&HFFF800F8
#GRAY    '&HFF808080
#GREEN   '&HFF008000
#LIME    '&HFF00F800
#MAGENTA '&HFFF800F8
#MAROON  '&HFF800000
#NAVY    '&HFF000080
#OLIVE   '&HFF808000
#PURPLE  '&HFF800080
#RED     '&HFFF80000
#SILVER  '&HFFC0C0C0
#TEAL    '&HFF008080
#WHITE   '&HFFF8F8F8
#YELLOW  '&HFFF8F800
'--- TEXTCOLOR
#TBLACK   '1
#TMAROON  '2
#TRED     '3
#TGREEN   '4
#TLIME    '5
#TOLIVE   '6
#TYELLOW  '7
#TNAVY    '8
#TBLUE    '9
#TPURPLE  '10
#TMAGENTA '11
#TTEAL    '12
#TCYAN    '13
#TGRAY    '14
#TWHITE   '15
'--- BUTTON
Examples #UP    '&H0001
#DOWN  '&H0002
#LEFT  '&H0004
#RIGHT '&H0008
#A     '&H0010
#B     '&H0020
#X     '&H0040
#Y     '&H0080
#L     '&H0100
#R     '&H0200
#ZL    '&H0800
#ZR    '&H1000
'--- ATTR
#TROT0   '&H00
#TROT90  '&H01
#TROT180 '&H02
#TROT270 '&H03
#TREVH   '&H04
#TREVV   '&H08
'---SPSET/SPCHR ATTR
#SPSHOW   '&H01, Display
#SPROT0   '&H00, Rotate by 0 degree
#SPROT90  '&H02, Rotate by 90 degrees
#SPROT180 '&H04, Rotate by 180 degrees
#SPROT270 '&H06, Rotate by 270 degrees
#SPREVH   '&H08, Right/left
#SPREVV   '&H10, Up/down
#SPADD    '&H20, Additive synthesis
'--- BG ATTRE
#BGROT0   '&H0000
#BGROT90  '&H0800
#BGROT180 '&H1000
#BGROT270 '&H2000
#BGREVH   '&H4000
#BGREVV   '&H8000
'--- SPCHK/BGCHK
#CHKXY '&H01
#CHKZ  '&H02
#CHKUV '&H04
#CHKI  '&H08
#CHKR  '&H10
#CHKS  '&H20
#CHKC  '&H40
#CHKV  '&H80