Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division Office – Caloocan City

GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Quarter 1 Week 1
Module
GENERAL MATHEMATICS QUARTER 1 WEEK 1
Competency:

The learner represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions
(M11GM-Ia-1); evaluates a function (M11GM-Ia-2); performs addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and composition of functions (M11GM-Ia-3); and solves problems
involving functions (M11GM-Ia-4).

To the Learners:

Before starting the module, I want you to free yourself from unnecessary disturbance so that you
will be able to focus and be enlightened with this lesson. Enjoy learning and have fun!
1. Read and follow carefully all the contents and instructions specified.
2. Writing enhances learning so write the important concepts on your notebook.
3. Carry out all the activities provided in the module.
4. Let your facilitator, guardian or any member of your family gauge your answers using the
answer key card as your reference.
5. Analyze and apply what you have learned from the module in answering the post -test.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations

This module was designed to help you understand the meaning of a function. Moreover,
you will also know the importance of studying functions in your daily living.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions;
2. Evaluate a function;
3. Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of functions;
4. Evaluate the composition of a function; and
4. Solve problems involving functions.

Pre-Test

Read each question carefully, then write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Marivic earns Php200.00 an hour. Which of the following equations define Marivic’s earnings
E as a function of the number of hours h that she worked?

A. E = 200h B. E = 200x C. E = 200 + h D. E = 200 - h

2. Find [f ○ g](x) if g(x) = x + 2 and f(x) = x2 - 5x + 8

A. x2 - x + 2 B. x2 - x + 5 C. x2 - 5x + 5 D. x2 - x - 2

3. A 40-meter by 60-meter rectangular garden is surrounded by a walkway of constant width x

meters. Write the outside perimeter P in terms of x.

A. P = 8x+100 B. P = 8x+200 C.P = 8x+300 D. P = 8x+400

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 1 of 10
4. Find (f - g)(x), if f(x) = 3x2 - x - 6 and g(x) = 2x2 - 9x + 4

A. -x2 + 8x - 10 B. x2 - 10x – 2 C. 3x2 - 10x - 2 D. x2 + 8x - 10

5. What is f(g(2)) = ?

A. 13 B. 49 C. 10 D. 27

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Representing real life situations using a Function

RELATION FUNCTIONS
 

 

NO 2. 3. x y
x y
2 -3 -4 -2
4 -1 -4 1 NOT A
8 6 2 0 FUNCTION
11 9 5 3
There are four ways in writing a relation: (1) listing of the
ordered pairs, (2) mapping, (3) table of values, and (4) graph.

1. Listing of Ordered pairs 2. Mapping

Input (x) Output (y)
{(4,7), (6,9), (8,11), (12,16)}
8 yellow
9 red
10 blue
11 white

3. Table Values 4. Graph

x y
-2 4
-1 7

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 2 of 10
 CROSS-QUESTION

How will you determine if the relation is a function?

LISTING
MAPPING

TABLE OF VALUES
GRAPHING

The trick to recognizing functions is to pay attention to the x- coordinates. In a

given set, if all the x-coordinates are distinct and unique, then the relation is a
FUNCTION.
If any of the x-coordinate repeats, then it is NOT A FUNCTION.

Example 1
LISTING
{(1,4), (3,6), (5,8), (7,9) FUNCTION - all of the x- coordinates are unique and distinct
{(1,2), (4,2), (6,2), (8,2)} FUNCTION - all of the x- coordinates are unique and distinct
{(-3,4), (5,7), (-3,9), (11, 14)} NOT A FUNCTION - two x-coordinates repeat

Again, you need to pay attention to the x-coordinates. If an element in the domain is
mapped to more than one element in the range, then the relation is not a FUNCTION

Example 2
Which of the following graphs are functions?

A. B. C.
Solution: Graph C is a graph of a function, while A, and B are not.

Example 3
Below are examples of functions in real-life:
1. To each vehicle, there corresponds a license number.
2. To each teacher, there corresponds a PRC ID number.
3. To each meal service, there corresponds a price cost.
4. To each water bill, there corresponds the amount of water consumed.

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 3 of 10
Lesson 1.1: Representing real life situations using a Piece-wise Function
A Piece-wise function is a function that is defined on a sequence of intervals.
Example 4
A Smart Company charges Php1300.00 a month for a postpaid plan. After the 600-minute limit,
the plan charges Php 8.00 per minute. Write the function showing the monthly charges.

Let 𝑥 be the number of minutes used, and 𝑓(𝑥) be its corresponding monthly charge.

1 3000, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 600 From the given problem, if the postpaid

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = {
8(𝑥 − 600) + 1 300, 𝑥 > 600 plan does not exceed 600 minutes, the
charge is only Php 1 300.00.
Therefore, if your call is
less than 600 minutes, you Take the highest domain from the
will use the first function,
then if your call is more previous function which is 600, then
than 600 minutes, you will subtract it from x. Plug in the highest
use the second function.
domain into the first function to
determine the y- intercept.
TRY THIS! Find the cost if it took you 630 minutes?

Solution: Since the given is 630 minutes, you will use the second function.

f(x) = 8 (x - 600) + 1300 Replace x by 630

f(630) = 8 (630 - 600) + 1300 Add first the given number inside the parenthesis

= 8(30 ) + 1300 Multiply it to 8 then add the result to 1300

Php 1,540.00 Total charges

Activity 1:
Please Relate Me!

Determine how one variable is related to the other variable in the following statements.
1. The height of a football attained depends upon the number of seconds after it was kicked.
2. The number of pages read is related to the time one started reading.
3. The overtime pay of an employee is related to the number of hours he worked overtime.
4. The amount paid for a long-distance call depends on how long the call has been.
5. The number of kilograms of rice consumed by a family for a month is related to the number
of its members.

Activity 2:
Evaluate Yourself

1. In a furniture company, the three employees read their contract which stated that their basic
salary is Php 15,000 plus a 10% commission for every furniture worth less than Php 20,000,
12% commission for every furniture worth Php 20,000 up to Php 45,000, and a commission of
15% for every furniture above Php 45,000. Write a piece-wise function for this problem.

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 4 of 10
Lesson 2: Evaluating Functions
Evaluating function means you need to replace or substitute a given value for x as the input,
then calculate the result for y as the output.

Example 5

Consider the function h(x) = 6x +1. Evaluate the function when x = 0 and x = -5. To evaluate
the function, you substitute x with the input value and calculate. The result is the output value.

Given: a. h(x) = 6x + 1. Find h(0) and h(-5).

Solution:
h(x) = 6x + 1 Write the original function.
h(0) = 6(0) + 1 Substitute 0 for x
h(0) = 0 + 1 Multiply
h(0) = 1 Simplify
Solution:
h(x) = 6x + 1 Write the original function
h(-5) = 6(-5) + 1 Substitute -5 for x
h(-5) = -30 + 1 Multiply
h(-5) = -29 Simplify
Given: b. h(x) = 6x + 1. Find h(2x + 3)
h(x) = 6x + 1 Write original function
h(2x + 3) = 6(2x + 3) + 1 Substitute “2x + 3” for x
h(2x + 3) = 12x + 18 + 1 Distributive Property
h(2x + 3) = 12x + 19 Simplify

Example 6
The function f(x) = 5x + 40 models the yearly membership cost for a pocketbook rental club,
where x is the number of pocketbooks rented. Last year, Sol rented 19 pocketbooks while Jen
rented thrice the amount of pocketbooks of Sol. How much more did Jen pay last year than Sol?
Solution: f(x), x is the input
Let x = be the number of pocketbook rented
Sol Jen
x = 19 x = 19 × 3= 57
f(x) = 5x + 40, evaluate the function for Sol
f(19) = 5 (19 ) + 40 Replace or substitute 19 to the x
f(19) = 95 + 40 Multiply 5 to 19
f(19) = 135 Simplify
f(x) = 5x + 40, evaluate the function for Jen
f(57) = 5 (57 ) + 40 Replace or substitute 57 to the x
f(57) = 285 + 40 Multiply 5 to 57
f(57) = 325 Simplify
From the result above, you can now subtract for Jen and Sol
Php 325.00 - Php135.00 = Php 190.00 Jen paid last year more than Sol

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 5 of 10
Look for a perfect pair with the given in Column A to the corresponding Answer in Column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. f(3) = x -9 a. 2x2 + 14x + 11

2. g(1) = x2 -2x -6 b. -7

3. h(5) = 2x2 +2x - 5 c. 3x2 - 21x + 42

4. f(-2) = x2 - 4x + 7 d. -6

5. g(-1) = 3x2 +2x + 4 e. 55

1. Given the function d(x) = 3x – 14. Find

A. d(0), B. d(-2), and C. d (4x + 3)

2.If f(x) = -x2 + 5x - 3, g(x) = 2x + 3. Find the value of the following

A. f(-2) B. f(b) C. g(a + 1) D. g(-1) E. f(2)

Lesson 3: Operations on Functions and Composition of a Function

A function can be defined in terms of other functions.

Example: The function defined by f(x) = x2 - 4x + 1 is the sum of g (x) = x2 and h (x) = -4x + 1.
Hence, the following operations of functions are shown below:

Sum : ( g ＋ h ) ( x) = g (x) ＋ h (x)

Difference : ( g － h ) ( x) = g (x) － h (x)

Multiplication : ( gh ) (x) = g (x) ● h (x)

𝒈 𝒈(𝒙)
Division : ( 𝒙) = ; 𝒉(𝒙) ≠ 𝟎
𝒉 𝒉(𝒙)

Example 7

Given g ( x) = x2 － 4x － 5 and h ( x) = 4x－ 20, find:

𝒈
a.( g ＋ h ) ( x) b. ( g － h ) ( x) c. ( gh ) (x) d. 𝒉 (𝒙)

Solution:

A. ( g＋h ) ( x) = g (x) ＋ h (x) Definition of sum of functions

= (x2－4x－5)＋(4x－20) Add g (x) and h (x)

= x2－25 Combine like terms

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 6 of 10
B. ( g－h ) ( x) = g (x)－h (x) Definition of difference of functions

= (x2 －4x－5)－(4x－20) Subtract g (x) from h (x)

= x2－4x－5－ 4x + 20 Perform the subtraction

= x2 － 8x ＋ 15 Combine like terms

C. ( gh ) (x) = g (x) ● h (x) Definition of product of functions

= (x2 －4x－ 5) (4x － 20)

= 4x ( x2－4x－5 ) -20 (x2 －4x－ 5) Distributive property and law of exponents

= 4x3－16x2－20x -20x2 + 80x + 100 Combine like terms

= 4x3 - 36x2 + 60x +100

g g ( x)
( x)  ; h( x )  0
D. h h( x ) Definition of quotient of functions

(x 2 - 4x - 5)
= (4x - 20) Simplify the expressions

(x - 5) (x  1)
= 4(x - 5) The denominator should not equal to 0

(x  1)
= 4
Composition of a Function

The term "composition of functions" (or "composite function") refers to combining together two
or more functions in a manner where the output from one function becomes the input for the
next function.

The composition of the function f with g is denoted by f ○ g and is defined by the equation:
( fg )( x)  f ( g ( x))
The domain of the composition functions f ○ g is the set of all x such that

 x is in the domain of g and

 g (x) is in the domain of f

Example 8
Given f ( x) = x2 － 3x and g ( x) = 2x＋ 1, find: ( f ○ g ) ( x) and ( g ○ f ) ( x)
Solution:
A. Because ( f ○ g ) ( x) means f (g ( x) ), you must replace each occurrence of x in the function
f by g(x).
f ( x) = x2 － 3x Given equation for f
( f ○ g ) ( x) = f (g ( x) ) = ( g(x)) － 3 (g(x))
2 Replace x by g(x)
= ( 2x + 1) － 3 ( 2x ＋ 1 )
2 Replace g(x) by 2x ＋ 1
= (4x 2 + 4x+ 1)－ 3( 2x ＋ 1) Square the binomial
= 4x 2 + 4x+ 1 －6x - 3 Simplify, combine like terms
= 4x － 2x－ 2
2

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 7 of 10
B. ( g ○ f ) ( x) means g (f ( x) ), therefore we must replace each occurrence of x in the function
g by f(x)
g ( x) = 2x＋ 1 Given equation for g
( g ○ f ) ( x) = g (f ( x) ) = 2( f(x)＋ 1 Replace x by f(x)
= 2(x2 － 3x)＋ 1 Replace f(x) by x2 － 3x
= (2x － 6x ) ＋ 1
2 Multiply then simplify
= 2x － 6x ＋ 1
2

Lesson 4: Word Problems Involving Functions

Example 9

Ruiz received two vouchers from the J and J Supermarket, which offers a 20% off and ₱ 750.00
off for his purchase. He went to the market and spent ₱5,000.00 worth of groceries, and decided
to use the vouchers.

1. What will be the representation of the function with a voucher which offers 20% off from the
money spent on the J and J Supermarket?

2. What will be the representation of a function which takes Php700.00 off as a discount voucher?

3. Write a composite function that represents the 20% off voucher first, and then the Php700.00
off discount voucher.

4. How do you represent a composite function that takes first the Php700.00 off discount and
then takes the 20% off voucher?

5. Which voucher takes a better deal?

Solution:

x = is the amount spent

1. f (x) = 0.80x

2. g ( x) = x － 750

3. g ( f( x)) = g ( 0.80x ) = 0.80x - 750

4. f ( g( x)) = f ( x - 750 ) = 0.80 ( x - 750) = 0.80x - 600

5. g ( f( x)) = g ( 0.80x ) = 0.80x - 750 = 0.80 (5 000 ) - 750 = 3,250

f ( g( x)) = f ( x - 750 ) = 0.80 ( x - 750) = 0.80x - 600

= 0.80 (5 000 ) - 600 = 3,400
From the two offered vouchers, the ₱ 750.00 off for his purchase has a better deal.

A.( f ○ g ) ( x) B . ( g ○ f ) ( x) C. ( g ○ f ) ( 3)

1. f (x) = x2－3 , g ( x) = 5x

2. f (x) = 5x－3 , g ( x) = 2x + 5
x4
3. f (x) = 2x－7 , g ( x) =
2
x  10
Mary Sol A. Vargas
7
Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 8 of 10
4. f (x) = , g ( x) = x+10

5. f (x) = x2+ 4x－7 , g ( x) = x+2

1.1 Use the given functions of f and g to find f+ g, f-g , fg and f/g

1. f (x) = 3x+4 , g ( x) = 2x－1

𝑥−5 4𝑥
2. f (x) =3𝑥+7 , g ( x) = 3𝑥+7

3. f (x) = x－1 , g ( x) = 2x2+ x－3

4. f (x) = x4 , g ( x) = x
𝑥−1 1
5. f (x) = , g ( x) =
𝑥2 𝑥

1.2 Evaluate the indicated function, where

f ( x) = 2x2+ x－3 , g ( x) = 2x－4

1. ( g － f ) ( －2) 2. ( f ＋ g) ( 5) 3. ( fg) (7) 4. (f/g) (1/4) 5. ( fg) (2/5)

1. Mr. De Mesa put up a business that offers computer repair which he charges a base of
₱ 350.00 for each visit and an additional of ₱ 20.00 per hour for his labor, given by the
function C(r) = 350 + 20r . He also has rentals at his shop with a base of ₱ 15.00 for the
first hour and an additional of ₱ 8.00 per thirty minutes defined by the function S(r) = 15 +
8r. Determine the C(r) ＋S(r).

2. Suppose that the Makpay Online Shop sold number of t-shirts denoted by the function M(x)
= x, and the selling price per shirt is stated by P(x)=199－5x. Find ( M ● P )(x) and describe
what does it represents. A

Remember
FUNCTION NOTATION - y = f(x)
x = independent variable or domain (input)
y = dependent variable or range (output)
When you look at the function machine, do not stop in just one input or output. Input three or
four numbers to prove the rule works on all the input numbers.
Function Operations definition
Sum : ( g ＋ h ) ( x) = g (x) ＋ h (x)
Difference : ( g － h ) ( x) = g (x) － h (x)
Multiplication : : ( gh ) (x) = g (x) ● h (x)
Division :

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 9 of 10
Composition of the function f with g is denoted by f ○ g and is defined by the equation:

The domain of the composition functions f ○ g is the set of all x such that
 x is in the domain of g and
 g (x) is in the domain of f

Check your Understanding

1. Given f is a function defined by f(x) = x2 + 2x – 3. Find: a) f(0) b) f(1) c) f(-5) d) f(x + h)

2. Find f + g, f – g, f • g, and state the domain of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 3 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2

3. The tank has 700 liters oil and is being drained at a constant rate of 25 liters per minute.

a) How do you write a linear function V for the number of liters in the tank after t minutes
(assuming that the drainage started at t = 0)?

b) Compute how many liters are in the tank after 15 minutes and 35 seconds.

4. Horacio Dela Costa High School had 1200 students enrolled in 2011 and 1500 students in
2015. If the student population P; grows as a linear function of time t, where t is the number
of years after 2011.

a) In 2020, how many students will be enrolled in the school?

b) Write a linear function that relates the student population to the time t.

Post Test

Read each question carefully, then write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Marivic earns Php200.00 an hour. Which of the following equations define Marivic’s earnings
E as a function of the number of hours h that she worked?

A. E = 200h B. E = 200x C. E = 200 + h D. E = 200 - h

2. Find [f ○ g](x) if g(x) = x + 2 and f(x) = x2 - 5x + 8
A. x2 - x + 2 B. x2 - x + 5 C. x2 - 5x + 5 D. x2 - x - 2

3. A 40-meter by 60-meter rectangular garden is surrounded by a walkway of constant width x

meters. Write the outside perimeter P in terms of x.

A. P = 8x+100 B. P = 8x+200 C.P = 8x+300 D. P = 8x+400

4. Find (f - g)(x), if f(x) = 3x2 - x - 6 and g(x) = 2x2 - 9x + 4

A. -x2 + 8x - 10 B. x2 - 10x – 2 C. 3x2 - 10x - 2 D. x2 + 8x - 10

5. What is f(g(2)) = ?

A. 13 B. 49 C. 10 D. 27

Mary Sol A. Vargas

Jeneveve T. Medina
General Mathematics Quarter 1 Week 1 Page 10 of 10