Holy Family Academy of Quezon, Neva Ecija Inc.

Tomas Joson Ave. Brgy. II, Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Performance Task in Research in Daily Life 1

1st Quarter of 2nd Semester

S.Y. 2020-2021

THE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY GRADE 11 ABM STUDENTS IN THEIR

SPECIALIZED SUBJECTS

A Research Proposal Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Holy Family Academy of Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Presented by:

Alliah Mae D. Raiz

Accounting, and Business Management

Garde 11 Senior High School-St. John Paul II

Holy Family Academy of Quezon, Nueva Ecija

March 2021

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Tomas Joson Ave. Brgy. II, Quezon, Nueva Ecija

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
……………………………………………………………………………………………….................. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS...
………………………………………………………………………………..................ii

CHAPTER I.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1

Statement of the Problem.........................................................................................................................3

Research Questions ……………………………………………………….............................................3

Significance of the study …………………………………………….....................................................4

Scope and Delimitation of the Study........................................................................................................4

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………..….5

Definition of terms………………………………………………………………………………………5

Chapter II.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES…………………………………………….7

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Tomas Joson Ave. Brgy. II, Quezon, Nueva Ecija

Chapter I

Introduction

The new K to 12 curriculum proposed by the Department of Education has a big role in guiding the
student’s career by giving the learners a fundamental training and introduction about the necessary knowledge
that is essential for their chosen career path. The department of education proposed four tracks that includes (1)
The Academic Strand which includes the Accountancy, Business and Management Strand, the Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Strand, the Humanities and social sciences strand, as well as the
General Academic Strand; the (2) Technical Vocational Strand that includes the Home Economics Strand, the
TVL Maritime, the Agriculture and Fisheries Strand, and the Information and Communications Strand; the (3)
Sports Track; and the (4) Arts and Design Track.

The curriculum of the different specializations of the different strands are carefully selected and
distributed to give quality education to the Senior High School students. The subjects offered are subdivided
into three categories namely the core subjects, the applied subjects, and the specialized subjects. Each subject
plays a role in the students. The core subjects include the general academics wherein it is taken by all the
strands. The applied subjects wherein simulations and practical subjects were included that is also taken by all
the strands. The specialized subjects are enrichment courses that includes the fundamental basics of selected
college subjects.

The researcher aims to focus on the Accountancy, Business, and Management strand as their
respondents wherein the focus of the research will be more subjective for it is correlated. The main focus of the
study is on the specialized subjects and its problems to the ABM students. The researchers claim that within the
two years of Senior High School, a lot of factors may influence the students in terms of their behavior in taking
the strand efficiently and seriously as well as it may affect their view on the career path they are heading to. In
addition, the process of decision making in choosing a career be a huge factor in assessing if a student is ready
and capable in engaging to a specific field. Choosing a degree requires an individual to critically think before
making final decisions. It requires depth study - a student must consider the different consequences and benefits
as well as to asses his/her strengths and weaknesses.

However, it has been observed that education in most schools these days is very theoretical rather than
experiential where students are not personally involved in business experiences (McHann & Frost, 2010). Chia
and Holt (2008) stressed that most students do not have opportunities such as trainings or skills development in
which they can apply their knowledge into real world practice. Not surprisingly, a serious knowing-doing gap is
very evident among business graduates which eventually affects their productivity and competitive success
(Pfeffer & Sutton, 2000). Section 5 of Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 specifically states that the
Department of Education shall adhere to the following standards and principles in which the curriculum shall
use pedagogical approaches that are constructivist, inquiry-based, reflective, collaborative and integrative. With
this provision, it is mandated that the teaching and learning approaches employed in the classrooms should
uphold the features of a constructivist classroom which are democratic, student-centered and the learning
process encourage the students to be independent and responsible. Situated cognition theory emphasizes that
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people's knowledge is constructed within and linked to the activity, context, and culture in which it was learned
(Robbins

& Aydede, 2009). Making connections to everyday contexts guides students to enrich and integrate schooling
and life experiences and further develop meaningful, long-lasting interests and understandings (Jonassen &
Land, 2012). Since the senior high school program in the Philippines is still in its infancy stage, the schools
offering the ABM strand would face a lot of challenges as they are still inexperienced on how to satisfy and
cope with the demands of this program.

The success of a student's learning lies within his/her environmental factors as hypothesized by
Williams (1967). A lot of school dropouts are in parallel with this issue. Some factors include its social and
interpersonal role to his/her community. Another important thing is the teacher-student relationship. As a ABM
student, the researchers' goal is to know and discover arrays of diverse problems that ABM students face earlier
so that solutions may be given to the students as an aid in facing the different challenges that an ABM student
must encounter.
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Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of the study is to aid and to raise awareness on the rising difficulties faced
by ABM students of Senior High School Students of Holy Family Academy of Quezon, Nueva Ecija on their
specialized subjects and to provide a solution for these so-called problems. The obstacles faced by the students
might be caused by impulsive decision, wrong path, and lack of knowledge about the strand. Thus, can lead to
negative effects on the student and can hamper from being successful in life.

Research Questions

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What difficulties do the respondents have and encounter as they take up the Accounting, Business and
Management strand?
2. How do the respondents deal with these hindrances as they enter their degree programs?
3. How do the specialized subjects in the Accountancy, Business and Management strand affect the
students in assessing them selves' desired program to be stable and unfit for them?
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Significance of the Study

The underlying success of the paper will be benefitted to the following:

Parents. This research can assess parents in guiding their children to choose the right career and path to take
up. As this research continues, the parents won’t have a difficulty to advice their children in their studies.

Students. This study will benefit the students to plan effectively for their chosen degree programs. This will
also aim to know the students’ strengths and weaknesses and to know what areas they need to improve.

School Administrators. This study will help the school administrators to know their students’ needs and wants.
The school administrators are the ones who are planning and administrating, so this will help them to make
efficient and effective plans for the students.

Business Industry. Having more prepared businessmen can increase the business productivity and a lot of
newer ideas and opportunities will foster and this will happen because of the good foundation that the K12
program provided.

Scope and Delimitations

This study focused on the difficulties experienced by Grade 11 Senior High School students in
the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand of the K to 12 Integrated Basic Education
Department regarding their specialized subjects comprised of three (3) specialized subjects — Business Math,
Organization and Management, and Fundamentals of Accountancy Business and Management 1 as well as the
different factors that can affect their learning.
This study was limited to 19 officially enrolled grade 11 students of Holy Family Academy of
Quezon, Nueva Ecija who were purposively selected in the academic year 2020-2021. The answers of the
respondents from the interview that I will conduct will be the data utilized in this study. The names of the
respondents were not going to be revealed because of the data privacy act and some ethical considerations in
research.
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Conceptual Framework

This portion of the research will present a visual representation of process to obtain required
information as well as presenting the final output of the study. It will cover the required resources to obtain this
said information and to visualize the final output of the study.

• Gathering opinions from the respondents specifically 19 students of

Input grade 11 in the Senior High School of Holy Family Academy of Quezon, Nueva Ecija

• The researcher will conduct an interview (Research

Questions throuh online communication ) to obtain variety of answers that will
Process
satisfy the set of questions proposed during the
study. After that, the researcher are to analyze and
to interpret the data using thematic analysis.

•To construct a conclusion regarding the difficulties faced

Output
by Grade 11 ABM students in their specialized subjects.

Definition of Terms
To fully comprehend the paper efficiently, the vocabulary listed below are considered to be relevant
with the study and has been operationally defined based on connotation. The terminologies
are as follows:
Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM). A strand in Senior High School wherein student studies the
fundamentals of Accountancy and the principles of Business Management.

Specialized Subjects. These are the subjects prepared for Senior High School which are co-related with the
track that serves as an enrichment course to the students that is beneficial of their college degree.

Subject Difficulty. A difficulty of a student in a certain area. This may be affected by different factors
including the teacher-student relationship.

Career. A state in life where a person engage his/herself in the productivity in work by applying his/her
cognitive skills (degree) or passion and by establishing a name in an industry.

Core Subjects. This are the general academic subjects of Senior High School students that includes the
mathematics, the social sciences, and natural sciences.

Curriculum. A designed array of designed framework of activities and instruction for academic purposes
provided by an educational institution to schools.
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Difficulties. This difficulty was used and described in this study as the hindrances, obstacles and difficulties
that ABM students might face in their career.

Senior High School. The last two years of the high school wherein students will choose their degree program.

Teacher-Student Relationship. A type of bond in between a teacher and a student.

Thematic analysis. A method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually applied to a set of texts, such as

interview transcripts. The researcher closely examines the data to identify common themes – topics, ideas and
patterns of meaning that come up repeatedly.

Theoretical. Concerned with or involving the theory of a subject or area of study rather than its practical
application

Experiential. Involving or based on experience and observation.

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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The following journal articles and resources, both foreign and local, that serves as a foundation to
support the claim of the present study. The researcher accumulated the resources both from the articles and
journals in the internet. The summarized articles and studies below that are subjected to the enhancement of the
present research are as follows:

The Introduction of the K12 Curriculum in The Philippines: Accountancy, Business, and Management
Strand as an enrichment for the future businessman

Acosta and Acosta (2016) stated that the K12 was the enhancement of the basic education program
that is also known as the Republic Act No. 10533 or "An Act of Enhancing the Basic Education in the
Philippines" that was signed by the former Philippine president Benigno Aquino on May 15, 2013 because the
Philippines is the last country in Asia with a 10-year pre university cycle.
The law proposed a new program that covers 12 years of basic education which includes the
additional two years in the secondary level and the deletion of the preparatory level in the primary level.

Furthermore, the additional two years in Senior High School was targeted to prepare students for
tertiary education, middle level skills development, entrepreneurship, and global employment (Acosta& Acosta,
2016).
The Department of Education proposed four tracks which are (1) The Academic strand which
includes the Accountancy, Business and Management strand (ABM), the Science, Technology, Engineering,
and Mathematics strand (STEM), the Humanities and social sciences strand (HUMMS), as well as the General
Academic Strand (GAS); the (2) Technical Vocational Strand that includes the Home Economics strand, the
TVL
Maritime, the Agriculture and Fisheries strand, and the Information and Communications strand; the (3) Sports
track; and the (4) Arts and Design track.
Moreover, the curriculum of the different specializations of the different strands are carefully
selected and distributed to give quality education to the Senior High School students.
The subjects offered are subdivided into three categories namely the core subjects, the applied
subjects, and the specialized subjects. Each subject plays a role in the students. The core subjects include the
general academics wherein it is taken by all the strands. The applied subjects wherein simulations and practical
subjects were included that is also taken by all the strands. The specialized subjects are enrichment courses that
includes the fundamental basics of selected college subjects.
Accountancy, Business, and Management a strand under the academic track that is designed for
students who are planning to take up a degree related to commerce and business on their tertiary level. With this
program, the students in this area will be garnering advance knowledge as well as to foster the characteristics
and attitudes of becoming a business-oriented person.
Supported by Abun, Foronda, Belandres, and Magallanez(2018) claimed that the benefit of
becoming an ABM student is that it enhances the student's entrepreneurial attitude.
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Therefore, it states that ABM is a good preparatory course for business related programs in the tertiary
level of education.
The Role of Career Planning in Choosing ABM as a Strand in Senior High School
Ambition is the starting point in choosing a career. Porter and Umbach (2006) explained that choosing
a field is being affected by different factors.
In the point of view of Baired (1988 as cited in Montmarquette, Cannings, &Mahseredjian, 2001)
scholars have long understood the impact of academic majors on students, and have concluded that they often
produce quite different influences on the development of students’ interests and abilities.
In addition to the given factors, Montmarquette et al.,(2001) aspects include people who differ in their
socioeconomic and ascriptive characteristics as well as cognitive capabilities also differ in their willing-ness to
choose riskier areas of concentration. Self-concept are the factual attributes of a person that includes a person's
skill, strengths, weaknesses, and the like. And in choosing a career, one must asses his capabilities and cognitive
level. Planning a degree in accordance to one's self concept is accurate because it gives a justifiable reason on
why a person should choose a specific field. In choosing, a person must consider each factor that could affect
his career. A helpful way is using a career decision model.

(c) Careers in Business by Domowski D & Staire L.

Every factor is important in career planning. To focus on the difficulties of a student in academic level, a
person is to focus on his/her academic aptitudes and achievement which refers to how well you have done or
can do in school and where your weak and strong areas are. Another thing to take into account is the student's
occupational aptitudes and skills which refers to how well you can perform or learn to perform certain job-
related task. Students who fail certain subjects in school may be lacking in training from his past years of
studying. Another thing is the lack of adjustment in the school's demands.

Choosing a field in accountancy, business, and management degrees require the following skills and
abilities: (1) Analytical ability; (2) Communications ability; (3) Organizational ability; (4) Ability to think in
 Holy Family Academy of Quezon, Neva Ecija Inc.
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numbers; (5)Patience and persistence to work with detail; (6) Natural tendency toward orderliness; (7) Ability
to handle pressure in meeting deadlines; (8) Think logically; (9) Being creative; (10) Formulate problems; and
(11) Resourcefulness (Domowski& Stair 1986).

The qualities and skills listed above are important aspects in a career because this is what a person
must apply in work. These are acquired from the things a person learned in school that is why education has a
big role in forming each student the different skills, values, and attributes a professional must attain. Knowing
in advance the important attributes of a career you are to enter can help you asses on what you can work on.

The Importance of the Student's Study Habits in Learning

According to the book of Shertzer (1981), study habits are an important ingredient in the life of the
successful college student. Almost all students would like to improve their study habits or skills. Much research
has reported that many students worry about their study habits and about their reading, note taking, and test-
taking skills. However, few students do much about it, particularly on any kind of systematic, continuous basis.
Shertzer added that many authorities have proved that certain habits can definitely improve
academic performance. But there is no magic in these study methods, unfortunately. Those who try to use the
methods until they become habits are usually well rewarded, however, because they learn more with less effort,
they enjoy their studies more, and they get higher grades.
Examples of which methods is increasing motivation. Getting the will to study is an internal
aspect where in a person must regenerate his inspiration and reason to be productive. The lack of it may affect
the student's behavior in studying.
Another is organizing study habits. Research on the study habits of high school and college
students shows three problems hold back students who try to study: (1) They do not study as much as they
should; (2) They waste time going from one thing to another; (3) They have trouble in settling down to work.
The solutions given to these problems are setting up a schedule for studying which include time
management and finding a good place to study in order to increase productivity (Shertzer, 1981).
Education as a Social Issue
Educational institutions serve important tasks for society, including instruction, organization,
socialization, the provision of custodial care, and the sorting of individuals into various statuses. Many social
problems, such as employment, crime, delinquency, and poverty, may be linked to the failure of the educational
institution to fulfill these basic functions (Mooney, Knox, &Schacht 2000).
An educational institution is responsible to teach the students the skills which is an essential for the
future occupational roles, self-development, and social functioning.
It is also important to include the teaching of socializing skills to the students. The socialization
function of education involves teaching students to respect authority-behavior that is essential for social
organization (Merton, 1968). Banks and Banks(1995, as cited in in Mooney et al., 2000) explained that further
multicultural education is a necessary element in the battle against race, class, gender, and ethnic inequalities.
Schools sort out their students into levels and statuses by providing credentials to individuals into
statuses who achieve various level of education, at various schools, within the system.
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Aside from reunification, another responsibility of educational institutions is to provide custodial care
(Merton, 1968). The schools are responsible in supervising their students especially in terms of academics such
as tracking their academic growth and by giving enrichment classes.
Indeed, "lack of parental supervision is one of the strongest predictors of the development of conduct
problems and delinquency" (Sautter1995, as cited in Mooneyet al., 2000 p. 313).
Educational institutions serve as an important guide to students. As stated by Shertzer (1981), an
individual's behavior is usually directed toward some target or goal. Which many philosophers and
psychologists believe that the goal of human behavior is to seek pleasure and no pain, or positivity which
therefore states that all of the factors affecting the growth of a student must be given attention in order to create
a good behavior. Knowing these roles, the community can focus on the different factors that could affect the
learning of the students.
The Role of Teachers to The Student's Performance in the Classroom Setting
Although students may believe that their own internal views are the most important factor in
decision making (Darling, & Glendinning, 1996), external views such as those of their teachers have also been
shown to be an important source of information for students (Vidal, 2007). This includes information about
subject difficulty. Teachers are likely to have their own perceptions of subject difficulty, which may shape the
advice that they provide, and the way in which they constrain the choices available to students. Example are
students that are
often only able to choose from predetermined lists of options set by teachers (Blenkinsop, McCrone, Wade, &
Morris, 2006).
The book of Mooney et al.,(2000) states that in terms of the relationship of the teacher and student,
there is a symbolic interactionist perspective where it is concerned with the institutional influences and power
relations from a micro perspective.
Under the teacher-student interactions, symbolic interactionists have examined the ways students
and teachers relate to each other. For example, children from economically advantaged homes may be more
likely to bring social and verbal skills into the classroom that elicit approval from the teacher. From the
teacher's point of view, middle-class children are easy and fun to teach: they grasp the material quickly, do their
homework, and more likely to value their educational process whereas on the other hand, children who are
economically disadvantage often bring fewer social and verbal skills to those same middle class teachers, who
may, inadvertently, hold up social mirrors of disapproval. Teacher disapproval contributes to the lower self-
esteem among disadvantaged youth.
The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when people act in a manner consistent with the expectations
of others. For example, a teacher who defines a student a slow learner may be less likely to call on that student
or encourage the student to pursue difficult subjects. As consequence of the teacher's behavior, the student is
more likely to perform at a lower level.
A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) provides empirical evidence of the self-fulfilling
prophecy in the public school system. Five elementary school students in a San Francisco school were selected
at random and identified for their teachers as "spurters". Such a label implied that they had superior intelligence
and academic ability. In reality, they were no different from the other students in their classes. At the end of the
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school year, however, these five students scored higher on their intelligence quotient (IQ) tests and made higher
grades
than their classmates who were not labeled as spurters. In addition, the teachers rated the spurters as more
curious,
interesting, happy, and more likely to succeed than the "nonspurters". Because the teachers expected the
spurters to do well, they treated the students in a way that they encouraged better school performance. This
shows that labelling of students can affect the student's self-concept and performance negatively.

Synthesis

Accountancy, Business, and Management is a strand in the academic track of the senior high school that is
focused on the field of commerce and business. The strand is unique by the subject it offers. In taking ABM, the
students may experience a lot of difficulties and obstacles that may hinder them from continuing their business
ambitions. Factors were considered in assessing the difficulties that may be faced by the students of the ABM
strand which includes: Preparing, planning and doing depth study before head, the importance of the student's
study habits in learning the course, the social factors which includes the role of the educational institution to the
students, and lastly is the teacher-student relationship which involves the motivation of the students. These
factors are simple in one’s perspective but in reality, they provide a huge impact among students. They
inculcate the success within every student to continue on with their ambitions whilst facing difficulties and
challenges.

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Tomas Joson Ave. Brgy. II, Quezon, Nueva Ecija

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