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Types of Matrix

This document provides an introduction to matrices, including their notation, size, types, and examples of operations. It defines a matrix as a rectangular array of numbers or symbols enclosed in brackets. The size or dimensions of a matrix are specified by the number of rows and columns. Common types of matrices include row matrices, column matrices, zero matrices, square matrices, identity matrices, diagonal matrices, triangular matrices, and submatrices. The document provides examples of matrix addition, multiplication, and solving systems of linear equations using matrices.

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Jaya Prakash
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192 views21 pages

Types of Matrix

This document provides an introduction to matrices, including their notation, size, types, and examples of operations. It defines a matrix as a rectangular array of numbers or symbols enclosed in brackets. The size or dimensions of a matrix are specified by the number of rows and columns. Common types of matrices include row matrices, column matrices, zero matrices, square matrices, identity matrices, diagonal matrices, triangular matrices, and submatrices. The document provides examples of matrix addition, multiplication, and solving systems of linear equations using matrices.

Uploaded by

Jaya Prakash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

BASIC

NUMERICAL
METHODS
BBA 3𝑟𝑑 SEMESTER
BCom
MATRICES
Let’s start Second chapter
Introduction

The term Matrix was first used in


1850 by J.J.Sylvester.
Matrices are widely applied in
Business, Finance and Economics.
Matrices applications are helpful to
solve the linear equations.

4
“
A matrix is a rectangular array of
numbers or symbols enclosed by
a pair of brackets.

5
Notation of matrix
Matrices are usually represented
by Capital letters.
An Item in a matrix is called entry
or element.

6
Size (order or dimension) of a matrix

A matrix with “m” rows and


𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
“n” columns is called an 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix (m by n )
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33

7
TYPES OF
MATRICES
8
Row Matrix
A matrix which has only one row is called a row
matrix or row vector

2 1 3 4

9
Column Matrix
A matrix which has only one column is called a
column matrix or column vector

7
2
5 10
Zero Matrix
If every element of a matrix is zero the matrix is
called zero matrix or null matrix

0 0
0 0
11
Square Matrix & Rectangular Matrix
If the number of rows and columns in a matrix are
same such a matrix is called square matrix.

4 9
4 9
7 5
6 8 6 8 12
Unit Matrix or Identity Matrix (𝐼𝑛 )
It is a square matrix with 1 on the principal
diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

1 0 0
1 0
0 1 0
0 1
0 0 1 13
Diagonal Matrix
A square matrix in which every on –diagonal
elements are zero is called diagonal matrix.

5 0 0
2 0
0 3 0
0 4
0 0 8 14
Scalar Matrix
A diagonal matrix whose leading diagonal
elements are all equal is called a scalar matrix

5 9 1
2 8
4 5 0
0 2
3 6 5 15
Triangular Matrix
• Upper triangular matrix • Lower triangular matrix
A matrix is known as upper A matrix is known as lower
triangular matrix if all the triangular matrix if all the
elements below the leading elements above the leading
diagonal are zero diagonal are zero

5 9 8 3 0 0
0 8 0 1 8 0
0 0 7 0 1 7
16
Sub Matrix
The matrix obtained by deleting one or more rows
or columns or both of a matrix is called its sub
matrix

1 9 5
3 7 0 1 5
5 2 7 5 7
17
Equal Matrices
Two matrices A and B are said to be equal if they
satisfy the following two conditions.

❑ The order of both the matrices is same


❑ Corresponding elements in both the matrices are equal

18
Idempotent Matrix
A square matrix is said to be idempotent if 𝐴 = 𝐴2

19
Example
𝑥+3 𝑧+4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
If −6 𝑎−1 0 = −6 −3 2𝑐 + 2
𝑏−3 −21 0 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0

Find the values of a, b, c, x, y and z

20
Example
2 5 19 − 7
If 5
35 −2 12
2

Find the order of matrix


Write the elements 𝑎13 , 𝑎22 𝑎24

21
Thanks!

Any questions?
You can find me at:
● [email protected] 22

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