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Networks Basics: Mentor - Sandeep Kumar by Hackittech

The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses [1] what constitutes a network including the interconnection of multiple devices to share data, [2] the layers of the OSI model and what each layer is responsible for, and [3] key networking terms like IP addresses, public vs private IP addresses, NAT, subnets, and common network protocols. The goal is to explain at a high level how networks are formed and some fundamental networking building blocks.

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95 views20 pages

Networks Basics: Mentor - Sandeep Kumar by Hackittech

The document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses [1] what constitutes a network including the interconnection of multiple devices to share data, [2] the layers of the OSI model and what each layer is responsible for, and [3] key networking terms like IP addresses, public vs private IP addresses, NAT, subnets, and common network protocols. The goal is to explain at a high level how networks are formed and some fundamental networking building blocks.

Uploaded by

HACKER HACKER
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Networks Basics

Mentor – Sandeep Kumar


By HackitTech
What is Internet

 Interconnection of Multiple Networks


 Over 4.5 Billion People are using internet in 2020
What is Network

Interconnection of more than To share Data To interconnect us


one node(Computer devices)
connected to form a network.
Type of Network
IP Address

 A unique Identification number to each Device connected to the Internet


 Internet – Interconnection of Devices to Share Data and Services.
Eg. 192.168.0.1
 32 Bit IP Address
 Each Octet Carries 8 Bit
 Totally there are 4,294,967,296

 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255
IP Address Classification
Class Address range Supports
Class A 1.0.0.1 to Supports 16 million hosts on each
126.255.255.254 of 127 networks.
Class B 128.1.0.1 to Supports 65,000 hosts on each of
191.255.255.254 16,000 networks.
Class C 192.0.1.1 to Supports 254 hosts on each of 2
223.255.254.254 million networks.
Class D 224.0.0.0 to Reserved for multicast groups.
239.255.255.255
Class E 240.0.0.0 to Reserved for future use, or
254.255.255.254 research and development
purposes.
Public and Private IP Address

 Public IP address are Static


 Private IP addresses are Dynamic
 DHCP
 NAT
NAT

 Network Address Translation


 Translation of one Set of IP address(Private) into another one(Public)
 Mainly to connect internal network with internet
Bridged Vs NAT
APPLICATION LAYER

 Where your Applications like browsers and other web applications work to
perform a specific task
 Protocols like: http, ftp, telnet.
Presentation Layer

 This layer is responsible to Give the user the data in exactly the same way
what he wants to receive
 Texts, Pictures and Graphics.
 Translation, Compression, Encryption
 This is where our data got converted into Bits.
Session Layer

 This is where our Session got Established with the other end Node
 Authentication and Authorization
Transport Layer

 Segmentation of Packets(Data Units)


 Sequence Number, Port Numbers
 Flow Control
 Error Control – Checksum
 Decides to choose Connection Oriented or Connection less oriented
connection
Network Layer

 IP addressing
 Source and Destination IP addresses added up to Each Segment
 Then Routing happens in Router

 TCP/IP, UDP
Data Link Layer

 It is got embedded into our NICs of our Computer


 The segments with IP address from Network layer got added up with Mac
Address in here
 Thus forms a Frame.
 Then got Transferred to Transfer Medium
 Responsible For our transmission of Data to another Node.
Physical Layer

 This is where our Binary Digits converted into Signals


 To get Transferred through the Connection Cables/Wi-Fi
Subnet and CIDR

 Subdivision of a Network in to many


 When you want to allot certain IP addresses to a Department
 Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) standard used to create unique
Identifiers.
 192.168.0.1/24
 24 Indicates that out of 32 bits 24 bits has been already in use we can use only the
Last Octet
 Http1.1
 Http2

Protocols  Http3
 Https
 Hsts
Thank you

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